{"id":2020,"date":"2020-04-30T17:55:58","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T21:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/chapter\/introduction-35\/"},"modified":"2020-08-22T14:32:55","modified_gmt":"2020-08-22T18:32:55","slug":"introduction-35","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/chapter\/introduction-35\/","title":{"raw":"3.1 Introduction","rendered":"3.1 Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"[latexpage]\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Periodicity<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div id=\"CNX_Chem_18_00_SilWafer\" class=\"splash\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1300\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/989\/2020\/04\/CNX_Chem_18_00_SilWafer.jpg\" alt=\"Three photos are shown. The first shows a scientific lab full of equipment in which two people in protective suits are working. The second image shows a man holding a round, reflective disc held inside of a protective, clear container. The third image shows a round disc covered in metallic chips which is behind a protective covering.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"381\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/> <strong>Figure 3.1.1 - Purity is extremely important when preparing silicon wafers. Technicians in a cleanroom prepare silicon without impurities (left). The CEO of VLSI Research, Don Hutcheson, shows off a pure silicon wafer (center). A silicon wafer covered in Pentium chips is an enlarged version of the silicon wafers found in many electronics used today (right). (credit middle: modification of work by \u201cIntel Free Press\u201d\/Flickr; credit right: modification of work by Naotake Murayama)<\/strong>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp11367904\">The development of the periodic table in the mid-1800s came from observations that there was a periodic relationship between the properties of the elements. Chemists, who have an understanding of the variations of these properties, have been able to use this knowledge to solve a wide variety of technical challenges. For example, silicon and other semiconductors form the backbone of modern electronics because of our ability to fine-tune the electrical properties of these materials. This chapter explores important properties of representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the periodic table.<\/p>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Periodicity<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals<\/li>\n<li>Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids<\/li>\n<li>Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens<\/li>\n<li>Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"CNX_Chem_18_00_SilWafer\" class=\"splash\">\n<figure style=\"width: 1300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/989\/2020\/04\/CNX_Chem_18_00_SilWafer.jpg\" alt=\"Three photos are shown. The first shows a scientific lab full of equipment in which two people in protective suits are working. The second image shows a man holding a round, reflective disc held inside of a protective, clear container. The third image shows a round disc covered in metallic chips which is behind a protective covering.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"381\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 3.1.1 &#8211; Purity is extremely important when preparing silicon wafers. Technicians in a cleanroom prepare silicon without impurities (left). The CEO of VLSI Research, Don Hutcheson, shows off a pure silicon wafer (center). A silicon wafer covered in Pentium chips is an enlarged version of the silicon wafers found in many electronics used today (right). (credit middle: modification of work by \u201cIntel Free Press\u201d\/Flickr; credit right: modification of work by Naotake Murayama)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idp11367904\">The development of the periodic table in the mid-1800s came from observations that there was a periodic relationship between the properties of the elements. Chemists, who have an understanding of the variations of these properties, have been able to use this knowledge to solve a wide variety of technical challenges. For example, silicon and other semiconductors form the backbone of modern electronics because of our ability to fine-tune the electrical properties of these materials. This chapter explores important properties of representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the periodic table.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":801,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2020","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2018,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/801"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3597,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2020\/revisions\/3597"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2018"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2020\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2020"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2020"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/inorganicchemistrychem250\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}