{"id":1299,"date":"2017-12-21T18:26:57","date_gmt":"2017-12-21T23:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207\/back-matter\/appendix-d-glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/"},"modified":"2019-11-28T12:12:46","modified_gmt":"2019-11-28T17:12:46","slug":"appendix-d-glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207\/back-matter\/appendix-d-glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix D Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation","rendered":"Appendix D Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation"},"content":{"raw":"

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.\u00a0 [latexpage]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Symbol<\/th>\r\nDefinition<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
$latex \\overline{\\text{any symbol}}$<\/td>\r\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., $latex \\bar{v}$ is average velocity)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{\\circ} \\text{C}$<\/td>\r\nCelsius degree<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{\\circ} \\text{F}$<\/td>\r\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \/\/ $<\/td>\r\nparallel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\bot $<\/td>\r\nperpendicular<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\propto $<\/td>\r\nproportional to<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\pm $<\/td>\r\nplus or minus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex _0 $<\/td>\r\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\alpha $<\/td>\r\nalpha rays<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\alpha $<\/td>\r\nangular acceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\alpha $<\/td>\r\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\beta $<\/td>\r\nbeta rays<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\beta $<\/td>\r\nsound level<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\beta $<\/td>\r\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\beta ^{-} $<\/td>\r\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\beta ^{+} $<\/td>\r\npositron decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\ngamma rays<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\nsurface tension<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\gamma = 1\/ \\sqrt{1 - v^2 \/ c^2} $<\/td>\r\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\Delta $<\/td>\r\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\delta $<\/td>\r\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta E $<\/td>\r\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta E $<\/td>\r\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta m $<\/td>\r\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta N $<\/td>\r\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta p $<\/td>\r\nchange in momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta p $<\/td>\r\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta \\text{PE}_{\\text{g}} $<\/td>\r\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta \\theta $<\/td>\r\nrotation angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta s $<\/td>\r\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta t $<\/td>\r\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta t_0 $<\/td>\r\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta V $<\/td>\r\npotential difference<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mathit\\Delta x $<\/td>\r\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\epsilon _0 $<\/td>\r\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\eta $<\/td>\r\nviscosity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\theta $<\/td>\r\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\theta $<\/td>\r\nangle between two lines<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\theta $<\/td>\r\ncontact angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\theta $<\/td>\r\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\theta _b $<\/td>\r\nBrewster's angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\theta _c $<\/td>\r\ncritical angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\kappa $<\/td>\r\ndielectric constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\lambda $<\/td>\r\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\lambda $<\/td>\r\nwavelength<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\lambda _n $<\/td>\r\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mu _0 $<\/td>\r\npermeability of free space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mu _k $<\/td>\r\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\mu _s $<\/td>\r\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex v_e $<\/td>\r\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\pi ^+ $<\/td>\r\npositive pion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\pi ^- $<\/td>\r\nnegative pion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\pi ^0 $<\/td>\r\nneutral pion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\rho $<\/td>\r\ndensity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\rho _{\\text{c}} $<\/td>\r\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\rho _{\\text{fl}} $<\/td>\r\nfluid density<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\overline{\\rho} _{\\text{obj}} $<\/td>\r\naverage density of an object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\rho \/ \\rho _{\\text{w}} $<\/td>\r\nspecific gravity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\tau $<\/td>\r\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance ($latex RL $) or resistance and capacitance ($latex RC $) circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\tau $<\/td>\r\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor ($latex RC $) circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\tau $<\/td>\r\ntorque<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\Upsilon $<\/td>\r\nupsilon meson<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\Phi $<\/td>\r\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\phi $<\/td>\r\nphase angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\Omega $<\/td>\r\nohm (unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\omega $<\/td>\r\nangular velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{A}$<\/td>\r\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex A $<\/td>\r\narea<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex A $<\/td>\r\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex A $<\/td>\r\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex a $<\/td>\r\nacceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex a_{\\text{B}} $<\/td>\r\nBohr radius<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex a_{\\text{c}} $<\/td>\r\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex a_{\\text{t}} $<\/td>\r\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{AC}$<\/td>\r\nalternating current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{AM}$<\/td>\r\namplitude modulation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{atm}$<\/td>\r\natmosphere<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex B $<\/td>\r\nbaryon number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex B $<\/td>\r\nblue quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\overline{B} $<\/td>\r\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex b $<\/td>\r\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex B $<\/td>\r\nbulk modulus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex B $<\/td>\r\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex B_{\\text{int}} $<\/td>\r\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex B_{\\text{orb}} $<\/td>\r\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{BE} $<\/td>\r\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{BE\/A} $<\/td>\r\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{Bq} $<\/td>\r\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex C $<\/td>\r\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex C $<\/td>\r\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex C_{\\text{p}} $<\/td>\r\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex C_{\\text{s}} $<\/td>\r\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{CG} $<\/td>\r\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{CM} $<\/td>\r\ncenter of mass<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex c $<\/td>\r\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex c $<\/td>\r\nspecific heat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex c $<\/td>\r\nspeed of light<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{Cal} $<\/td>\r\nkilocalorie<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{cal} $<\/td>\r\ncalorie<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textit{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{hp}} $<\/td>\r\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textit{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{ref}} $<\/td>\r\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{cos} \\theta $<\/td>\r\ncosine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{cot} \\theta $<\/td>\r\ncotangent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{csc} \\theta $<\/td>\r\ncosecant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex D $<\/td>\r\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex d $<\/td>\r\ndisplacement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex d $<\/td>\r\nquark flavor down<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{dB} $<\/td>\r\ndecibel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex d_i $<\/td>\r\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex d_o $<\/td>\r\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{DC} $<\/td>\r\ndirect current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E $<\/td>\r\nelectric field strength<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\epsilon $<\/td>\r\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{emf} $<\/td>\r\nelectromotive force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E $<\/td>\r\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E $<\/td>\r\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E $<\/td>\r\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E $<\/td>\r\ntotal energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E_0 $<\/td>\r\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E_0 $<\/td>\r\nrest energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{EC} $<\/td>\r\nelectron capture<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E_{\\text{cap}} $<\/td>\r\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textit{\\text{Eff}} $<\/td>\r\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textit{\\text{Eff}}_{\\textit{\\text{C}}} $<\/td>\r\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E_{\\text{in}} $<\/td>\r\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E_{\\text{ind}} $<\/td>\r\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex E_{\\text{out}} $<\/td>\r\nenergy output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex e $<\/td>\r\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex e^+ $<\/td>\r\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{eV} $<\/td>\r\nelectron volt<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{F} $<\/td>\r\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{F} $<\/td>\r\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{F}} $<\/td>\r\nforce<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex F $<\/td>\r\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex F $<\/td>\r\nrestoring force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex F_{\\text{B}} $<\/td>\r\nbuoyant force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex F_{\\text{c}} $<\/td>\r\ncentripetal force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex F_{\\text{i}} $<\/td>\r\nforce input<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{F}_{\\text{net}} $<\/td>\r\nnet force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex F_{\\text{o}} $<\/td>\r\nforce output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{FM} $<\/td>\r\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f $<\/td>\r\nfocal length<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f $<\/td>\r\nfrequency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_0 $<\/td>\r\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance ($latex RLC $) series circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_0 $<\/td>\r\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_1 $<\/td>\r\nfundamental<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_2 $<\/td>\r\nfirst overtone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_3 $<\/td>\r\nsecond overtone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_{\\text{B}} $<\/td>\r\nbeat frequency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_{\\text{k}} $<\/td>\r\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex f_{\\text{s}} $<\/td>\r\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex G $<\/td>\r\ngravitational constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex G $<\/td>\r\ngreen quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\overline{G} $<\/td>\r\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex g $<\/td>\r\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex g $<\/td>\r\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex h $<\/td>\r\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex h $<\/td>\r\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex h $<\/td>\r\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex h $<\/td>\r\nPlanck's constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex hf $<\/td>\r\nphoton energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex h_i $<\/td>\r\nheight of the image<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex h_o $<\/td>\r\nheight of the object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I $<\/td>\r\nelectric current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I $<\/td>\r\nintensity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I $<\/td>\r\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I $<\/td>\r\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I_0 $<\/td>\r\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I_{\\text{ave}} $<\/td>\r\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex I_{\\text{rms}} $<\/td>\r\naverage current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex J $<\/td>\r\njoule<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex J \/ \\psi $<\/td>\r\nJoules\/psi meson<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{K} $<\/td>\r\nkelvin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex k $<\/td>\r\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex k $<\/td>\r\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex K_{\\alpha} $<\/td>\r\nx rays created when an electron falls into an $latex n = 1 $ shell vacancy from the $latex n = 3 $ shell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex K_{\\beta} $<\/td>\r\nx rays created when an electron falls into an $latex n = 2 $ shell vacancy from the $latex n = 3 $ shell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{kcal} $<\/td>\r\nkilocalorie<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{KE} $<\/td>\r\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{KE} + \\text{PE} $<\/td>\r\nmechanical energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{KE}_e $<\/td>\r\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{KE}_{\\text{rel}} $<\/td>\r\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{KE}_{\\text{rot}} $<\/td>\r\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\overline{\\text{KE}} $<\/td>\r\nthermal energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{kg} $<\/td>\r\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L $<\/td>\r\nangular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{L} $<\/td>\r\nliter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L $<\/td>\r\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L $<\/td>\r\nself-inductance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\ell $<\/td>\r\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\alpha} $<\/td>\r\nx rays created when an electron falls into an $latex n = 2 $ shell from the $latex n = 3 $ shell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_e $<\/td>\r\nelectron total family number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\mu} $<\/td>\r\nmuon family total number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\tau} $<\/td>\r\ntau family total number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\text{f}} $<\/td>\r\nheat of fusion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\text{f}}$ and $latex L_{\\text{v}} $<\/td>\r\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\text{orb}} $<\/td>\r\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\text{s}} $<\/td>\r\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_{\\text{v}} $<\/td>\r\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex L_z $<\/td>\r\nz<\/em> - component of the angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex M $<\/td>\r\nangular magnification<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex M $<\/td>\r\nmutual inductance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{m} $<\/td>\r\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m $<\/td>\r\nmagnification<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m $<\/td>\r\nmass<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m $<\/td>\r\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{m} $<\/td>\r\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m $<\/td>\r\norder of interference<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m $<\/td>\r\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m(^AX) $<\/td>\r\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{MA} $<\/td>\r\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_{\\text{e}} $<\/td>\r\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_e $<\/td>\r\nmass of the electron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_{\\ell} $<\/td>\r\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_n $<\/td>\r\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_{\\text{o}} $<\/td>\r\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{mol} $<\/td>\r\nmole<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_p $<\/td>\r\nmass of a proton<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex m_{\\text{s}} $<\/td>\r\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex N $<\/td>\r\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{N} $<\/td>\r\nnewton<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{N}}$<\/td>\r\nnormal force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex N $<\/td>\r\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex n $<\/td>\r\nindex of refraction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex n $<\/td>\r\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex N_A $<\/td>\r\nAvogadro's number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex N_{\\text{r}} $<\/td>\r\nReynolds number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{N} \\cdot \\text{m} $<\/td>\r\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{N} \\cdot \\text{m} $<\/td>\r\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{OE} $<\/td>\r\nother energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex P $<\/td>\r\npower<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex P $<\/td>\r\npower of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex P $<\/td>\r\npressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{p}} $<\/td>\r\nmomentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex p $<\/td>\r\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex p $<\/td>\r\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{p}}_{\\text{tot}} $<\/td>\r\ntotal momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{p}}^{\\prime}_{\\text{tot}} $<\/td>\r\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex p_{\\text{abs}} $<\/td>\r\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex p_{\\text{atm}} $<\/td>\r\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex p_{\\text{atm}} $<\/td>\r\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{PE} $<\/td>\r\npotential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{PE}_{el} $<\/td>\r\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{PE}_{\\text{elec}} $<\/td>\r\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{PE}_s $<\/td>\r\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex P_g $<\/td>\r\ngauge pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex P_{in} $<\/td>\r\npower consumption or input<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex P_{out} $<\/td>\r\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex Q $<\/td>\r\nlatent heat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex Q $<\/td>\r\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex Q $<\/td>\r\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex +Q $<\/td>\r\npositive charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex -Q $<\/td>\r\nnegative charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex q $<\/td>\r\nelectron charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex q_p $<\/td>\r\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex q $<\/td>\r\ntest charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{QF} $<\/td>\r\nquality factor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R $<\/td>\r\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R $<\/td>\r\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R $<\/td>\r\nred quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\overline{R} $<\/td>\r\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R $<\/td>\r\nresistance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{R} $<\/td>\r\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R $<\/td>\r\nRydberg constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R $<\/td>\r\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r $<\/td>\r\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r $<\/td>\r\ninternal resistance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r_{\\bot} $<\/td>\r\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r $<\/td>\r\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r $<\/td>\r\nradius of curvature<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r $<\/td>\r\nresistivity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{r or rad} $<\/td>\r\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{rem} $<\/td>\r\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{rad} $<\/td>\r\nradian<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{RBE} $<\/td>\r\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex RC $<\/td>\r\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{rms} $<\/td>\r\nroot mean square<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex r_n $<\/td>\r\nradius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R_p $<\/td>\r\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R_s $<\/td>\r\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex R_s $<\/td>\r\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex S $<\/td>\r\nentropy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{S}} $<\/td>\r\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex S $<\/td>\r\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex S $<\/td>\r\nshear modulus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex S $<\/td>\r\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex s $<\/td>\r\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{s} $<\/td>\r\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex s $<\/td>\r\nspin quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{s}} $<\/td>\r\ntotal displacement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{sec} \\theta $<\/td>\r\nsecant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{sin} \\theta $<\/td>\r\nsine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex s_z $<\/td>\r\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex T $<\/td>\r\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex T $<\/td>\r\ntemperature<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex T_c $<\/td>\r\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex T $<\/td>\r\ntension<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{T} $<\/td>\r\ntesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex t $<\/td>\r\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex t $<\/td>\r\ntime<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex t_{1\/2} $<\/td>\r\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{tan} \\theta $<\/td>\r\ntangent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex U $<\/td>\r\ninternal energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex u $<\/td>\r\nquark flavor up<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{u} $<\/td>\r\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{u}} $<\/td>\r\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{u}}^{\\prime} $<\/td>\r\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V $<\/td>\r\nelectric potential<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V $<\/td>\r\nterminal voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{V} $<\/td>\r\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V $<\/td>\r\nvolume<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{v}} $<\/td>\r\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex v $<\/td>\r\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{v}} $<\/td>\r\nvelocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\overline{\\textbf{\\text{v}}} $<\/td>\r\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V_B - V_A $<\/td>\r\nchange in potential<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{v}}_d $<\/td>\r\ndrift velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V_p $<\/td>\r\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V_{\\text{rms}} $<\/td>\r\nrms voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex V_s $<\/td>\r\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{v}}_{\\text{tot}} $<\/td>\r\ntotal velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex v_{\\text{w}} $<\/td>\r\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\textbf{\\text{v}}_{\\text{w}} $<\/td>\r\nwave velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex W $<\/td>\r\nwork<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex W $<\/td>\r\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{W} $<\/td>\r\nwatt<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex w $<\/td>\r\nweight<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex w_{\\text{fl}} $<\/td>\r\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex W_c $<\/td>\r\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex W_{nc} $<\/td>\r\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex W_{out} $<\/td>\r\nuseful work output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex X $<\/td>\r\namplitude<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\text{X} $<\/td>\r\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex \\begin{matrix} Z \\\\ A \\end{matrix} K_N $<\/td>\r\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex x $<\/td>\r\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex x $<\/td>\r\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex x $<\/td>\r\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex X_C $<\/td>\r\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex X_L $<\/td>\r\ninductive reactance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex x_{\\text{rms}} $<\/td>\r\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex y $<\/td>\r\nvertical axis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex Y $<\/td>\r\nelastic modulus or Young's modulus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex Z $<\/td>\r\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex Z $<\/td>\r\nimpedance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n ","rendered":"

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Symbol<\/th>\nDefinition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\"\overline{\text{any symbol}}\"<\/td>\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., \"\bar{v}\" is average velocity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"^{\circ} \text{C}\"<\/td>\nCelsius degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"^{\circ} \text{F}\"<\/td>\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"//\"<\/td>\nparallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\bot\"<\/td>\nperpendicular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\propto\"<\/td>\nproportional to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\pm\"<\/td>\nplus or minus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"_0\"<\/td>\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\alpha\"<\/td>\nalpha rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\alpha\"<\/td>\nangular acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\alpha\"<\/td>\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta\"<\/td>\nbeta rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta\"<\/td>\nsound level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta\"<\/td>\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta ^{-}\"<\/td>\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta ^{+}\"<\/td>\npositron decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\gamma\"<\/td>\ngamma rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\gamma\"<\/td>\nsurface tension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\gamma = 1/ \sqrt{1 - v^2 / c^2}\"<\/td>\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Delta\"<\/td>\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\delta\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta E\"<\/td>\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta E\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta m\"<\/td>\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta N\"<\/td>\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta p\"<\/td>\nchange in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta p\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta \text{PE}_{\text{g}}\"<\/td>\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta \theta\"<\/td>\nrotation angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta s\"<\/td>\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta t\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta t_0\"<\/td>\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta V\"<\/td>\npotential difference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathit\Delta x\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\epsilon _0\"<\/td>\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\eta\"<\/td>\nviscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta\"<\/td>\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta\"<\/td>\nangle between two lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta\"<\/td>\ncontact angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta\"<\/td>\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta _b\"<\/td>\nBrewster’s angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta _c\"<\/td>\ncritical angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\kappa\"<\/td>\ndielectric constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\lambda\"<\/td>\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\lambda\"<\/td>\nwavelength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\lambda _n\"<\/td>\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mu _0\"<\/td>\npermeability of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mu _k\"<\/td>\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mu _s\"<\/td>\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"v_e\"<\/td>\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\pi ^+\"<\/td>\npositive pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\pi ^-\"<\/td>\nnegative pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\pi ^0\"<\/td>\nneutral pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\rho\"<\/td>\ndensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\rho _{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\rho _{\text{fl}}\"<\/td>\nfluid density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{\rho} _{\text{obj}}\"<\/td>\naverage density of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\rho / \rho _{\text{w}}\"<\/td>\nspecific gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\tau\"<\/td>\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance (\"RL\") or resistance and capacitance (\"RC\") circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\tau\"<\/td>\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor (\"RC\") circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\tau\"<\/td>\ntorque<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Upsilon\"<\/td>\nupsilon meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Phi\"<\/td>\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\phi\"<\/td>\nphase angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Omega\"<\/td>\nohm (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\omega\"<\/td>\nangular velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{A}\"<\/td>\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\narea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"a\"<\/td>\nacceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"a_{\text{B}}\"<\/td>\nBohr radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"a_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"a_{\text{t}}\"<\/td>\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{AC}\"<\/td>\nalternating current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{AM}\"<\/td>\namplitude modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{atm}\"<\/td>\natmosphere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nbaryon number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nblue quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{B}\"<\/td>\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"b\"<\/td>\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nbulk modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B_{\text{int}}\"<\/td>\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B_{\text{orb}}\"<\/td>\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{BE}\"<\/td>\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{BE/A}\"<\/td>\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{Bq}\"<\/td>\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"C\"<\/td>\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"C\"<\/td>\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"C_{\text{p}}\"<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"C_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{CG}\"<\/td>\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{CM}\"<\/td>\ncenter of mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"c\"<\/td>\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"c\"<\/td>\nspecific heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"c\"<\/td>\nspeed of light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{Cal}\"<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{cal}\"<\/td>\ncalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textit{\text{COP}}_{\text{hp}}\"<\/td>\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textit{\text{COP}}_{\text{ref}}\"<\/td>\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{cos} \theta\"<\/td>\ncosine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{cot} \theta\"<\/td>\ncotangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{csc} \theta\"<\/td>\ncosecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"D\"<\/td>\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"d\"<\/td>\ndisplacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"d\"<\/td>\nquark flavor down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{dB}\"<\/td>\ndecibel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"d_i\"<\/td>\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"d_o\"<\/td>\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{DC}\"<\/td>\ndirect current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nelectric field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\epsilon\"<\/td>\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{emf}\"<\/td>\nelectromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\ntotal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E_0\"<\/td>\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E_0\"<\/td>\nrest energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{EC}\"<\/td>\nelectron capture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E_{\text{cap}}\"<\/td>\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textit{\text{Eff}}\"<\/td>\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textit{\text{Eff}}_{\textit{\text{C}}}\"<\/td>\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E_{\text{in}}\"<\/td>\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E_{\text{ind}}\"<\/td>\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E_{\text{out}}\"<\/td>\nenergy output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"e\"<\/td>\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"e^+\"<\/td>\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{eV}\"<\/td>\nelectron volt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{F}\"<\/td>\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{F}\"<\/td>\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{F}}\"<\/td>\nforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F\"<\/td>\nrestoring force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F_{\text{B}}\"<\/td>\nbuoyant force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncentripetal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F_{\text{i}}\"<\/td>\nforce input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{F}_{\text{net}}\"<\/td>\nnet force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F_{\text{o}}\"<\/td>\nforce output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{FM}\"<\/td>\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f\"<\/td>\nfocal length<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f\"<\/td>\nfrequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_0\"<\/td>\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance (\"RLC\") series circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_0\"<\/td>\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_1\"<\/td>\nfundamental<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_2\"<\/td>\nfirst overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_3\"<\/td>\nsecond overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_{\text{B}}\"<\/td>\nbeat frequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_{\text{k}}\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"G\"<\/td>\ngravitational constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"G\"<\/td>\ngreen quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{G}\"<\/td>\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"g\"<\/td>\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"g\"<\/td>\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nPlanck’s constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"hf\"<\/td>\nphoton energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h_i\"<\/td>\nheight of the image<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h_o\"<\/td>\nheight of the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nelectric current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nintensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I_0\"<\/td>\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I_{\text{ave}}\"<\/td>\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I_{\text{rms}}\"<\/td>\naverage current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"J\"<\/td>\njoule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"J / \psi\"<\/td>\nJoules\/psi meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{K}\"<\/td>\nkelvin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"k\"<\/td>\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"k\"<\/td>\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"K_{\alpha}\"<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an \"n = 1\" shell vacancy from the \"n = 3\" shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"K_{\beta}\"<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an \"n = 2\" shell vacancy from the \"n = 3\" shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{kcal}\"<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE}\"<\/td>\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE} + \text{PE}\"<\/td>\nmechanical energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE}_e\"<\/td>\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE}_{\text{rel}}\"<\/td>\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE}_{\text{rot}}\"<\/td>\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{\text{KE}}\"<\/td>\nthermal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{kg}\"<\/td>\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L\"<\/td>\nangular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{L}\"<\/td>\nliter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L\"<\/td>\nself-inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\ell\"<\/td>\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\alpha}\"<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an \"n = 2\" shell from the \"n = 3\" shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_e\"<\/td>\nelectron total family number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\mu}\"<\/td>\nmuon family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\tau}\"<\/td>\ntau family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\text{f}}\"<\/td>\nheat of fusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\text{f}}\" and \"L_{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\text{orb}}\"<\/td>\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L_z\"<\/td>\nz<\/em> – component of the angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"M\"<\/td>\nangular magnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"M\"<\/td>\nmutual inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{m}\"<\/td>\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\nmagnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\nmass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{m}\"<\/td>\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\norder of interference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m(^AX)\"<\/td>\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{MA}\"<\/td>\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_{\text{e}}\"<\/td>\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_e\"<\/td>\nmass of the electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_{\ell}\"<\/td>\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_n\"<\/td>\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_{\text{o}}\"<\/td>\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{mol}\"<\/td>\nmole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_p\"<\/td>\nmass of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"N\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{N}\"<\/td>\nnewton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{N}}\"<\/td>\nnormal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"N\"<\/td>\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"n\"<\/td>\nindex of refraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"n\"<\/td>\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"N_A\"<\/td>\nAvogadro’s number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"N_{\text{r}}\"<\/td>\nReynolds number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{N} \cdot \text{m}\"<\/td>\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{N} \cdot \text{m}\"<\/td>\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{OE}\"<\/td>\nother energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P\"<\/td>\npower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P\"<\/td>\npower of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P\"<\/td>\npressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{p}}\"<\/td>\nmomentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p\"<\/td>\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p\"<\/td>\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{p}}_{\text{tot}}\"<\/td>\ntotal momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{p}}^{\prime}_{\text{tot}}\"<\/td>\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p_{\text{abs}}\"<\/td>\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p_{\text{atm}}\"<\/td>\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p_{\text{atm}}\"<\/td>\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{PE}\"<\/td>\npotential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{PE}_{el}\"<\/td>\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{PE}_{\text{elec}}\"<\/td>\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{PE}_s\"<\/td>\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P_g\"<\/td>\ngauge pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P_{in}\"<\/td>\npower consumption or input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P_{out}\"<\/td>\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Q\"<\/td>\nlatent heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Q\"<\/td>\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Q\"<\/td>\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"+Q\"<\/td>\npositive charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"-Q\"<\/td>\nnegative charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"q\"<\/td>\nelectron charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"q_p\"<\/td>\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"q\"<\/td>\ntest charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{QF}\"<\/td>\nquality factor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nred quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{R}\"<\/td>\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nresistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{R}\"<\/td>\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nRydberg constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\ninternal resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r_{\bot}\"<\/td>\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\nradius of curvature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\nresistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{r or rad}\"<\/td>\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{rem}\"<\/td>\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{rad}\"<\/td>\nradian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{RBE}\"<\/td>\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"RC\"<\/td>\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{rms}\"<\/td>\nroot mean square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r_n\"<\/td>\nradius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R_p\"<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R_s\"<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R_s\"<\/td>\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nentropy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{S}}\"<\/td>\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nshear modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"s\"<\/td>\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{s}\"<\/td>\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"s\"<\/td>\nspin quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ntotal displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{sec} \theta\"<\/td>\nsecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{sin} \theta\"<\/td>\nsine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"s_z\"<\/td>\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\"<\/td>\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\"<\/td>\ntemperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T_c\"<\/td>\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\"<\/td>\ntension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{T}\"<\/td>\ntesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"t\"<\/td>\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"t\"<\/td>\ntime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"t_{1/2}\"<\/td>\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{tan} \theta\"<\/td>\ntangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"U\"<\/td>\ninternal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"u\"<\/td>\nquark flavor up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{u}\"<\/td>\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{u}}\"<\/td>\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{u}}^{\prime}\"<\/td>\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V\"<\/td>\nelectric potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V\"<\/td>\nterminal voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{V}\"<\/td>\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V\"<\/td>\nvolume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"v\"<\/td>\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nvelocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{\textbf{\text{v}}}\"<\/td>\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V_B - V_A\"<\/td>\nchange in potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{v}}_d\"<\/td>\ndrift velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V_p\"<\/td>\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V_{\text{rms}}\"<\/td>\nrms voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V_s\"<\/td>\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{v}}_{\text{tot}}\"<\/td>\ntotal velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"v_{\text{w}}\"<\/td>\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\textbf{\text{v}}_{\text{w}}\"<\/td>\nwave velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W\"<\/td>\nwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W\"<\/td>\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{W}\"<\/td>\nwatt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"w\"<\/td>\nweight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"w_{\text{fl}}\"<\/td>\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W_c\"<\/td>\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W_{nc}\"<\/td>\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W_{out}\"<\/td>\nuseful work output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"X\"<\/td>\namplitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{X}\"<\/td>\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\begin{matrix} Z \\ A \end{matrix} K_N\"<\/td>\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x\"<\/td>\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x\"<\/td>\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x\"<\/td>\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"X_C\"<\/td>\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"X_L\"<\/td>\ninductive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x_{\text{rms}}\"<\/td>\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"y\"<\/td>\nvertical axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Y\"<\/td>\nelastic modulus or Young’s modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Z\"<\/td>\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Z\"<\/td>\nimpedance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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