Introduction to Psychology Study Guide by Sarah Murray is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
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I am grateful to Kwantlen Polytechnic University for providing me with the time and resources to complete this guide. Special thanks to Caroline Daniels (KPU librarian) without whose expertise, ingenuity and hard work this guide would still be on a USB stick.
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This study guide is designed to accompany the Introduction to Psychology – Ist Canadian Edition open text by Jennifer Walinga and Charles Stangor (https://open.bccampus.ca/find-open-textbooks/?uuid=8390d51e-0efe-493c-881c-cf86852a612f&contributor=&keyword=&subject=Psychology). For each chapter it summarizes the learning objectives and presents multiple-choice, true-false and fill-in-the-blank tests of the material covered. It provides links to resources to enable students to deepen their understanding of key topics and to explore related issues. Finally, it offers suggestions for hands-on activities relevant to each chapter.
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Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
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TIP
As well as writing down your answer see if you can write down WHY the statement is true or false AND what else you can remember about the topic.
For example:
Statement: The Structuralism school of Psychology was influenced by Darwin.
Answer: False. Darwin influenced the Functionalists. Wundt was a Structuralist while James was a Functionalist. Structuralism focused on basic elements or building blocks of experiences.
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Myths about Psychology, Debunked explores some of the enduring myths in psychology
Video 1.1: 10 Myths about Psychology, Debunked. (https://www.ted.com/talks/ben_ambridge_10_myths_about_psychology_debunked?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare) Uploaded by Ben Ambridge for TedxYouth@Manchester
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Nature vs. Nurture: For a clear introduction to the debate
Video 1.2: Nature vs. Nurture (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOK9kbUfoiuh3HE9pdxo-Cg) uploaded by PsychU
Exercises: Do & Think
American Psychological Association. (2018). Science of Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/action/science/
Cherry, K. (2018). Hindsight Bias in Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/what-is-a-hindsight-bias-2795236
Etchells, P. (2017, February 20). Fake news and neurobabble: how do we critically assess what we read. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2017/feb/20/fake-news-and-neurobabble-how-do-we-critically-assess-what-we-read
Gallego-Romero, I. (2017, April 11). The battle between nature and nuture. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/chzDR3feSHY
Greer, M. (2005). When intuition misfires. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/mar05/misfires.aspx
Jarrett, C. (2014, September 19). The 10 most controversial psychology studies ever published. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2014/09/19/the-10-most-controversial-psychology-studies-ever-published/
Rathie, S. (2017, July, 20). The power of framing: It’s not what you say, but how you say it. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2017/jul/20/the-power-of-framing-its-not-what-you-say-its-how-you-say-it
Street, W. R. (2018). A daily history of events in the history of psychology. Retrieved from https://www.cwu.edu/ ~warren/calendar/datepick.html
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Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
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Remember – rather than just answering True or False, try to write down WHY the statement is true or false and what else you can remember about the topic.
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read, Watch & Listen
Video 2-1: Birth of Psychology ((https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3m-Ge-bTPM) uploaded by Transmission
Exercises: Read, Watch & Learn
Watch The Early Reaction Time video to explore some of the early work on reaction time (i.e. how quickly a person can respond to a stimulus):
Video 2-2: Early Reaction Time Research in Psychology (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UhQoYBPfpQ&feature=youtu.be) uploaded by christoyork
Then think of a way to measure the reaction time of your friends and/or family. Is there an app on your phone you could use?
Now, come up with an hypothesis about something that might influence reaction time (e.g. it will be slowed by fatigue, children will have faster RTs than adults, people will be faster if I offer them a reward etc.) and see if you can test it.
How would you design a proper test of your hypothesis if you had more time and resources?
Exercises: Try Some More!
Annenberg Foundation. (2017). History of Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/history/history_flash.html
Christoyork. (2010, October 1). Early reaction time research in psychology. [Video]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/8UhQoYBPfpQ
Hall, A. (2015, March 11). Which famous psychologist are you most like. Retrieved from http://www.playbuzz.com/ashleighh11/which-famous-psychologist-are-you-most-like
Neuro Transmissions. (2017, February 19). The birth of psychology. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3m-Ge-bTPM
Serendip Studio. (2018). Serendip studio: A digital ecosystem, fueled by serendipity. Retrieved from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/Mind/Table.html
TestMyBrain. (2018). TestMyBrain. Retrieved from https://www.testmybrain.org/
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Try these questions to test your knowledge!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=475
III
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
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Remember – try to go beyond just answering True or False; use the questions as a way of reviewing what you know about the topic.
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read, Watch & Listen
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Case Studies of Phinease Gage: This video shows an example of a famous case study – it will be useful for Chapter 4 too!
Video 3.1: Case Studies of Phinease Gage (https://youtu.be/X6ZvC3XzKsM) uploaded by Karen Avellaneda
Exercises: Watch & Learn
The video Practice with Independent & Dependent Variables provides a clear explanation of IV, DV and confounding variables.
Video 3.2: Practice with Independent & Dependent Variables (https://youtu.be/0sqmziVN6Os) uploaded by Lucas Lichtenw.
Exercises: Watch & Learn
The Danger of Mixing up Causality and Correlation: A memorable Ted talk on why correlation does not mean causation.
Video 3.3: The Danger of Mixing up Causality and Correlation (https://youtu.be/8B271L3NtAw) uploaded by Ionica Smeets.
Exercises: Do & Think
Avellanedea, K. (February 9, 2014). Case study of phineas gage. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/X6ZvC3XzKsM
Cherry, K. (May 16, 2017) Very Well Mind: Psychology experiment ideas for assignments. Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/psychology-experiment-ideas-2795669
Fadera, A. (April 21, 2017.) How much are readers misled by headlines that imply correlational findings are casual? The British Psychological Society: Research Digest. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/04/21/how-much-are-readers-misled-by-headlines-that-imply-correlational-findings-are-causal/
Hanlon, M. (December 3, 2013). The truth about sex, lies and surveys. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10488703/The-truth-about-sex-lies-and-surveys.html
Hulchanski, D., Murdie, R., Walks, A. & Bourne, L. (October 4, 2013). Canada’s voluntary census is worthless. Here’s why. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/commentary/canadas-voluntary-census-is-worthless-heres-why/article14674558/
Lichtenwaldt, L. (January 9, 2014). Research methods – practice with independent and dependent variables. [Video file]. Retrieve from https://youtu.be/0sqmziVN6Os
Sample, I. (August 27, 2015.) Study delivers bleak verdict on validity of psychology experiment results. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/27/study-delivers-bleak-verdict-on-validity-of-psychology-experiment-results
Smeets, I. (November 5, 2012.). The danger of mixing up causality and correlation: Ionica Smeets at TEDxDelft. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/8B271L3NtAw
Wood, T. (September 8, 2016). News 1130: A case study in distracted driving. Retrieved from http://www.news1130.com/2016/09/08/feature-a-case-study-in-distracted-driving/
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Now it’s time to test what you’ve learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=533
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Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
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Remember – try to go beyond just answering True or False; use the statements as an opportunity to review your knowledge of the topic.
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read, Watch & Listen
Quickly Memorize the Parts of the Brain offer some creative ideas for how to remember the names of the different parts of the brain and what they do!
Video 4.1: Quickly Memorize the Parts of the Brain, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xnMLr-sF7o&feature=youtu.be), posted by Michael Britt
Exercises: Read, Watch & Listen
Stabbed in the Brain: Phineas Gage: The curious case of Phinease Gage.
Video 4.2: Stabbed in the Brain: Phineas Gage (https://youtu.be/FrULrWRlGBA), posted by vlogbrothers.
Exercises: Read, Interact & Learn
Exercise: Watch & Learn
The video The Brain takes you a bit beyond what the text covers concerning the brain.
Exercises: Watch & Listen
And these two crash course episodes cover the nervous system:
Video 4.4: The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course A&P #8 (https://youtu.be/qPix_X-9t7E) posted by CrashCourse.
Video 4.5: The Nervous System, Part 2 – Action! Potential: Crash Course A&P #9 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZG8M_ldA1M) posted by CrashCourse.
Exercises: Do & Think
Video 4.6: The Human Brain: The Nueron (https://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology /brain/brain_flash.html) uploaded by Neuroscientifically Challenged.
Then see if you can answer the following questions:
Answers: 1. d | 2. c | 3. c | 4. a
Bozeman Science, (2014). The brain. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI
Britt, Michael. (2012). Quickly memorize the parts of the brain. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xnMLr-sF7o&feature=youtu.be)
Chudler, Eric. (2018). Neuroscience for kids. Retrieved from http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html
Cold Spring Harbor Laborator. (n.d.). 3D Brain. [Computer App]. Retrived from https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/3d-brain/id331399332?mt=8
CrashCourse. (2015). The Nervous System, Part 2 – Action! Potential: Crash Course A&P #9. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZG8M_ldA1M
CrashCourse. (2015). The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course A&P #8. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/qPix_X-9t7E
Kucuk, Ugur Erdem. (2014) 2-minute neuroscience: The Neuron. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/6qS83wD29PY
Leaner, Annenberg. (2017). The human brain. Retrieved from https://www.learner.org/series /discoveringpsychology/brain/brain_flash.html
Open Learn. Open Learning from the Free University. (2018). Starting with psychology: A brain of two halves. Retrieved from http://www.open.edu/openlearn/health-sports-psychology/psychology/starting-psychology/content-section-2.1
The Newton Channel. (2012). Dopamine: the two-faced molecule behind addiction and Parkinson’s disease. [Video File]. Retreived from http://www.theguardian.com/science/ video/2012/may/18/neuroscience-psychology
Vlogbrothers. (2010). Stabbed in the brain: Phineas Gage. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/FrULrWRlGBA
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Now test what you have learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=558
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Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter you should be able to:
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercise: Watch & Learn
3 Optical Illusions that Exploit Your Visual System: A short video looking at some fascinating visual illusions.
Video 5.1: 3 Optical Illusions that Exploit Your Visual System (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QCLm1PvVTY8) posted by BiteSizePsych.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Video 5.2: Color vision: Theories, Afterimages and More (https://youtu.be/PtVudUxm9go) posted by the American Psychological Association.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
The Effect of Red on Consumer Behavior: A researcher describes some of his work on the impact of colour on behaviour.
Video 5.3: The Effect of Red on Consumer Behaviour (https://youtu.be/nUxDqIeiXt0), posted by Rajich Bagchi.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Understanding Driver Distraction: A researcher introduces his work on distracted driving.
Video 5.4: Understanding Driver Distraction, (https://youtu.be/-k8p1yfg_r4), posted by David Strayer.
Exercise: Think & Do
How Old Are Your Ears? : Try this hearing test on people of different ages (be ready to reduce the volume immediately especially if YOU cannot hear the sound – it may be very unpleasant for people who can hear it!)
Video 5.5: How old are your ears? (https://youtu.be/VxcbppCX6Rk) uploaded by AsapSCIENCE.
Exercise: Watch & Answer
Video About Hearing and How it Works: Watch this video about hearing then see if you can answer some questions about it:
a) What happens when the eardrum vibrates?
b) What happens in the cochlea?
c) In terms of our ability to detect differences in pitch, which theory described in the text is presented in the video
Video 5.6: Video About Hearing and How it Works (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flIAxGsV1q0), uploaded by Med El.
Answers to questions above:
a. The vibration of the eardrum causes the bones in the middle ear (hammer, anvil and stirrup) to vibrate.
b. Mechanical vibration is transformed into electrical signals in the cochlea.
c. The video describes the place theory of hearing different pitches.
Exercises: Read, Watch and Answer
American Psychological Association. (2014, December 9). Color vision: Theories, afterimages and more [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtVudUxm9go&list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf
American Psychological Association. (2014, July 23). Strayer, Dr. David. Understanding driver distraction [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=15&v=-k8p1yfg_r4
AsapSCIENCE. (2013, August 13). How old are your ears? [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxcbppCX6Rk
Bite Sized Psych. (2016, February 14). 3 optical illusions that exploit your visual systems [Video File]. Retrieved from https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QCLm1PvVTY8
CBC News. (2017). Hearing loss on the rise in young adults. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/hearing-loss-on-rise-in-young-adults-1.4117268
CNN Style. (2017). ‘Island of the Colorblind’: Where the jungle is pink, the sea is gray and the light is far too bright. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/12/arts/sanne-de-wilde-island-of-the-colorblind/index.html
Fong, K., & Nahai, N. (Hosts) & Krysiak, E. & Sandersons, M. (Producers). (2016). Scents and sensibility: What’s it like to live without smell [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/audio/2016/sep/08/scents-and-sensibility-whats-it-like-to-live-without-smell-podcast
Med-El. (2012, November 13). Video about hearing and how it works [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flIAxGsV1q0
New Scientist. (2009). Callaway, Ewen. The blind spot and the vanishing head illusion. Retrieved from https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17511-the-blind-spot-and-the-vanishing-head-illusion/
Science Alert. (2015). Do women really tolerate pain better than men? Retrieved from https://www.sciencealert.com/do-women-tolerate-pain-better-than-men
Serendip Studio. Seeing more than your eye does. Retrieved from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/blindspot1.html
Test My Brain. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.testmybrain.org/
The Guardian. (2017). Not to be sniffed at: Human sense of smell rivals that of dogs, says study. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/may/11/not-to-be-sniffed-at-human-sense-of-smell-rivals-that-of-dogs-says-study
University of Virginia. (2013, April 22). Virginia Tech: The impact of color on consumer behavior [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUxDqIeiXt0
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Now it’s time to test what you’ve learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=606
VI
Learning Objectives
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Remember to try to go beyond just answering True or False – how would you justify your answer to a friend?
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Read, Watch & Listen
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams Pt. 1-4: An introduction to Freud’s theory of dream interpretation.
Video 6.1: Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams Pt. 1-4 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lig53eW2ptg), uploaded by S. Septer.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain’s Clock: A short overview.
Video 6.2: Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain’s Clock (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbQ0RxQu2gM), uploaded by SciShow.
Exercises: Think & Do
b) Why do you think the researchers chose not to manipulate exposure to smoking?
c) Can you think of a different way of measuring the desire to take risks?
5. Alcohol Reality Check: The questionnaire on this website (which is entirely anonymous) analyzes your alcohol intake to see if it is putting you at any risk. (http://www.uvic.site/alcoholreality/start)
Answers to the “things to do” Question 4:
a. iii) the researchers did not manipulate any variables but were interested in finding out whether adolescents who had smoked were more likely to take risks in a game
b. It would clearly have been unethical to compel any participants to smoke
c. Lots of possibilities here, you might make use of virtual reality and look at people’s willingness to (for example) try bungee jumping. Remember you need to abide by the ethical rules of the discipline and you also want to consider the construct validity of your measure (see Chapter 3)
The British Psychological Society. Research Digest. (2016). When you’re sleeping, how much does your brain pay attention to the outside world. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/08/17/eyes-shut-mind-open-what-your-brain-pays-attention-to-while-youre-sleeping/#more-8167
CBC News. (2003). NavCan hits airline tickets with surcharge. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/night-owl-gene-1.4069398
The Guardian. (2016). Academic anxiety dreams, and what they might mean. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2016/jan/04/academic-anxiety-dreams-what-they-mean-jenny-rohn
The Guardian. (2017). How do antidepressants actually work? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2017/jul/10/how-do-antidepressants-actually-work
Jha, A. (Host), & Phipps, J. (Producer). (2013, August 5). Science Weekly podcast: The waking nightmare of sleep paralysis [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/science/audio/2013/aug/05/podcast-science-weekly-sleep-paralysis
Khan Academy. (2015?). Psychoactive Drugs [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/mental-health/drug-abuse-and-drug-addictions/v/overview-of-psychoactive-drugs
National Institute of Drug Abuse. Advanced Addiction Science. (2018, June). Commonly abuse drug charts. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs-charts
SciShow. (2014, January 9). Circadian Rhythm and Your Brain’s Clock [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbQ0RxQu2gM
Septer S. (2011, February 16). Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams Pt. 1-4 [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lig53eW2ptg
The Telegraph. (2017). What it means when you dream about your teeth falling out. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/wellbeing/sleep/what-it-means-when-you-dream-about-your-teeth-falling-out/?playlist=series%3Awhat-your-dreams-mean
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It’s time for a review of chapter 6.
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=645
VII
Learning Objectives
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Remember – try to go beyond True or False, write down what you know about the topic.
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer
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Exercises: Watch & Learn
Exercises: Watch & Learn
What do Babies Think? A Ted Talk providing an entertaining look at child development research.
Video 7.1: What do Babies Think (https://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_ what_do_babies_thinkutm_ campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare) uploaded by Alison Gopnik, TEDGlobal.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Harlow’s Monkeys: This short video includes some original footage of Harlow’s work with baby monkeys plus some discussion of his work. WARNING – it is pretty harrowing at times.
Video 7.2: Harlow’s Monkeys (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O60TYAIgC4) uploaded by TheSasss1
Exercises: Think & Do
1. Age is a crucial factor in whether someone can vote, drive, get married etc. Having studied this chapter, at what age do you think people should:
be able to vote?
be allowed to learn how to drive?
If you think something(s) other than age should be taken into account, then what else do you think is important and how could you assess it? Imagine you’re a parent (of course you may not need to imagine this) – how would you decide whether your child is ready to:
a) take transit on their own?
b) look after a younger sibling?
c) sleepover at a friend’s house?
d) have a social media account?
Discuss this with friends to see if they share your ideas.
Canada Father Prepares Lawsuit After Pvoince Bars Kids from Riding Bus Alone: This article looks at the plight of a parent trying to make such a decision (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/01/canada-father-bus-children-adrian-crook)
2. If you have access to a child (i.e. you can get parental permission to test them AND the child is willing) why not see how they perform on a Piagetian task or two? The video Piaget’s Stages of Development below will give you some ideas.
Video 7.3: Piaget’s Stages of Development (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRF27F2bn-A) uploaded by misssmith891.
3. At the other end of the age-spectrum, do you know any “old” people (over 80)? If so, interview them about their life. See if you can get a sense of whether the challenges they faced at various ages were the ones Erikson would have expected.
4. SITE REQUIRES A SIGN IN Work through this activity exploring Marcia’s theory of Identity Development, then think about some adolescents you know – can you categorize them according to Marcia’s model? Can you think of some questions to ask adolescents which would help a researcher identify which “stage” of identity development they are at? https://oli.cmu.edu/jcourse/workbook/activity/page?context=df3e73260a0001dc3ec3aef76b2e77e8
BBC iPlayer Radio. (2008, September 1). The Heinz Dilemma. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008drfq
BBC iPlayer Radio. (2003, December 16). Jean Piaget: The three mountains. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00f8n1g
BBC iPlayer Radio. (2005, October 19). Mary Ainsworth. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00f8n6q
Carnegie Mellon University. Open Learning Initiative. Retrieved from https://oli.cmu.edu/jcourse/workbook/activity/page?context=df3e73260a0001dc3ec3aef76b2e77e8
CBC News. (2016). What is Canada’s ‘age of consent’ and what are the Liberals changing? Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/faq-age-of-consent-law-canada-1.3851507
The Guardian. (2017). Canada father prepares lawsuit after province bars kids from riding bus alone. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/01/canada-father-bus-children-adrian-crook
The Guardian. (2016). Are gendered toys harming childhood development? Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/28/toys-kids-girls-boys-childhood-development-gender-research
The Guardian. (2017). Forget-me-nots in Purley: how the town became ‘dementia friendly’. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/feb/02/purley-uk-latest-dementia-friendly-community
The Guardian. (2014). Wild teenage behaviour linked to rapid cognitive change in the brain. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/sep/05/teenage-brain-behaviour-prefrontal-cortex
Misssmith891. (2011, April 26). Piaget’s stages of development [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRF27F2bn-A
The Sassss1. (2012, September 17). Harlow’s Monkey’s [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O60TYAIgC4
TED. TedGlobal. (2011). What do babies think. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_what_do_babies_think
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Learning Objectives
41
Remember to use this “test” as an opportunity to note down what you can remember about a topic.
42
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Consumer Behaviour: A Primer : A brief overview of schedules of reinforcement with examples.
Video 8.1: Consumer Behaviour: A Primer (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY) uploaded by Gail Tom.
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Learning Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment provides a clear description of the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment.
Video 8.2: Learning Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment (https://youtu.be/imkbuKomPXI) uploaded by ByPass Publishing.
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Crash Course in Psycholocy #12 is an animated look at Bandura’s bobo doll study.
Video 8.3: The Bobo Beatdown; Crash Course Psychology #12 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE) uploaded by CrashCourse.
Exercises
Confused Conditioning: Classical and Operant: This video outlines the difference between classical and operant conditioning.
Video 8.4: Confused conditioning: Classical and operant by Jeffrey Stowell (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf) uploaded by American Psychological Association.
Exercises: Watch & think
Two short videos, the first showing how to use operant conditioning to train a rat to play basketball, and the second showing a rat basketball game!
Video 8.5: Rat Basketball Tutorial, (https://youtu.be/g6F0bRTurPk) uploaded by natasebem.
Video 8-6: Rats Playing Basketball (championship game) (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM) uploaded by Richmond Times-Dispach.
Exercises: Do & Think
Video 8-7: Forget Big Change, Start with a Tiny Habit (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8) uploaded by BJ Fogg at TEDtalks.
2. Or perhaps you’d rather change your pet’s behaviour? There are numerous programs showing how to use operant conditioning principles to teach a dog some tricks …. but here’s what you can do with a goldfish – How To Play With a Goldfish! (http://www.wikihow.com/Play-With-a-Goldfish)
3. If you enjoy playing video games pick a favourite game and see if you can identify the ways in which the developers use reinforcement to encourage you to keep playing. Can you think of some ways in which a teacher could use the same tactics to encourage students to study more?
4. Clearly, some things are most easily learned via observation. You should be able to demonstrate this by comparing how quickly two friends can perform the same task (building a small Lego model perhaps or drawing a specific pattern) if you let one of them see you performing the task but give the other one written instructions …… you will probably find it challenging to even produce written instructions which are sufficiently detailed!
American Psychological Association. (2012). Video game design and development. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2012/01/hot-careers.aspx
American Psychological Association. (2014, December 10). Confusing conditioning: classical and operant. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf
BBC iPlayer Radio. (2015, August 19). BF Skinner and superstition in the pigeon. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0639gxq#play
The British Psychological Society. Research Digest. (2016). Rats can be trained to perform search and rescue missions. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/03/17/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform -search-and-rescue-missions/
ByPass Publishing. (2013, October 24). Learning negative reinforcement vs. punishment [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imkbuKomPXI
CBC News. (2017). Rats sniffing our landmines speed up process of a land mind free world. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538
CBC News. Marketplace. (2017). ‘We’re designing minds’: Industry insider reveals secrets of addictive app trade. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/marketplace-phones-1.4384876
Crash Course. (2014, April 28). The Bobo Beatdown – Crash Course Psychology #12 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE
GailTom1. (2011, September 2). Operant Conditioning: Schedules of Reinforcement [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY
How to play with a gold fish. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wikihow.com/Play-With-a-Goldfish
Natasebem. (2008, June 1). Rat basketball tutorial [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6F0bRTurPk
Richmond Times. (2010, April 1). Rats playing basketball (championship game) [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM
TedxTalks. (2012, December 5). Forget big change, start with a tiny habit: BJ Fogg at TEDxFremont [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8
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Now it’s time to test what you’ve learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=737
IX
Learning Objectives
47
Remember – try to go beyond just True or False, think of how you might explain your answer to your Prof.
48
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercise: Watch & Learn
How Reliable is Your Memory? Elizabeth Loftus talks about her work on eyewitness memory.
Video 9.1: How Reliable is Your Memory (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PB2OegI6wvI) uploaded by Elizabeth Loftus on TedTalks.
Exercise: Read, Listen & Learn
Exercise: Watch & Learn
How your “Working Memory” Makes Sense of the World: An entertaining look at working memory with activities.
Video 9.2: How Your “Working Memory” Makes Sense of the World uploaded by Peter Doolittle at TED on June 2013 (https://www.ted.com/talks/peter_doolittle_how_your_working_memory_makes_sense_of_the_world?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare)
Exercise: Read & Learn
Deep Down, I knew it Didn’t Happen: The Woman Who Imagined a Murder: An alarming real-life example of false memory (https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/04/out-of-thin-air-erla-bolladottir-interview-murder-story)
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Are We in Control of Our Own Decisions? A great Ted Talk about decision making in real life
Video 9.3: Are We In Control of Our Own Decision, (https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_asks_are_we_in_control_of_our_own_decisions) uploaded by Dab Ariely to TED.
How Reliable is Eyewitness Testimony: A video demonstration of the problems of eyewitness memory
Video 9.4: How Reliable is Eyewitness Testimony (https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_asks_are_we_in_control_of_our_own_decisions?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare) uploaded by National Science Foundation.
Exercises: Do & Think
Ariely, D. (2008, December). Dan Ariely: Are we in control of our own decisions? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_asks_are_we_in_control_of_our_own_decisions
Cocozza, P. (2017). ‘Deep down, I knew it didn’t happen’: The woman who imagined a murder. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/04/out-of-thin-air-erla-bolladottir-interview-murder-story
Devlin, H. (2017). Ancient technique can dramatically improve memory. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/mar/08/ancient-technique-can-dramatically-improve-memory-research-suggests-memory-palace
Doolittle, P. (2013, June). Peter Doolittle: How your working memory makes sense of the world? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/peter_doolittle_how_your_working_memory_makes_sense_of_the_world
Glaser, D. The Guardian. 2017, February 8. Glaser, Daniel. A neuroscientist explains: listener’s emails about memory – podcast. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/audio/2017/feb/08/a-neuroscientist-explains-listeners-emails-about-memory-podcast
Gurney-Read, J., & Midgley, R. (2018). How good is our memory? Take our test. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationquestions/11615121/Quiz-how-good-is-your-memory.html
Humphries, M. (2015). Majority of people can’t identify the Apple logo, can you? Retrieved from https://www.geek.com/apple/majority-of-people-cant-identify-the-apple-logo-can-you-1617614/
Loftus, E. (2013, September, 23). How reliable is your memory? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PB2OegI6wvI
National Science Foundation. (2015, July 20). How reliable is eyewitness testimony? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChgPk2OiZCw
Open University, OpenLearn. (2009). Take the photographic memory test. Retrieved from http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/psychology/take-the-photographic-memory-test
Robson, D. (2016). Four ways that other people can warp your memory. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160920-four-ways-that-other-people-can-warp-your-memory
TestMyBrain. (2017). Featured brain tests. Retrieved from https://www.testmybrain.org/
University of Greenwich. Super recognisers. Retrieved from http://superrecognisers.com/
Wilson, C. (2015). See How Well You Remember 10 Famous Company Logos. Retrieved from http://time.com/3743739/company-logo-quiz/
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It’s time to test what you have learned.
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=722
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Learning Objectives
53
Remember – don’t just answer True or False, see how much you can remember about each topic.
54
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercise: Listen & Learn
Exercises: Think & Do
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Robert J. Sternberg – Successful Intelligence: In this video, Sternberg expands on his triarchic theory with the concept of “successful intelligence” and its application in the classroom. Do you think his theory captures important aspects of your intelligence? If so, how has this impacted your educational experience?
Can you think of how the topic of intelligence could be taught/tested in ways that would work for people with (a) analytical, (b) creative and (c) practical strengths?
Video 10.1: Robert J. Sternberg – Successful Intelligence, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow05B4bjGWQ) uploaded by Bob Greenberg.
BBC iPlayer Radio 4. (2014, May 5). Intelligence: Born Smart, Born Equal, Born Different [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b041xbxc
The Brainwaves Video Anthology. (2014, October 27). Robert J. Sternberg – Successful Intelligence [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow05B4bjGWQ
CBC News. (2016). Physically active math, spelling lessons multiply academic success. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/physical-activity-class-lessons-1.3460346
The Guardian. (2016). Starved, tortured, forgotten: Genie, the feral child who left a mark on researchers. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jul/14/genie-feral-child-los-angeles-researchers
The Guardian. (2017). Girls believe brilliance is a male trait, research into gender stereotypes shows. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/jan/26/girls-believe-brilliance-is-a-male-trait-research-into-gender-stereotypes-shows
Indy100 from Independent. 2017. Marsden, Harriett. Study: IQ doesn’t equal intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.indy100.com/article/iq-level-test-intelligence-myth-new-study-neuron-journal-7599446
IQ-Test.cc (2018). IQ Test. Retrieved from http://www.iq-test.cc/
Smithsonian.com. (2016). Getting to the bottom of how Apes think.
Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/getting-bottom-how-apes-think-180961151/
Sternber, T. Successful Intelligence, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow05B4bjGWQ) uploaded by Bob Greenberg.
Talwalkar, P. (2013, June 24). Can you correctly answer the cognitive reflection test? (83% of people miss at least 1 question) [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://mindyourdecisions.com/blog/2013/06/24/can-you-correctly-answer-the-cognitive-reflection-test-83-percent-of-people-miss-at-least-1-question/
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It’s time to test what you learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=832
XI
Learning Objectives
59
Remember – don’t just answer True or False, note down what you know about the topic.
60
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read, Listen & Learn
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Video 11.1: Science of Sex Appeal: What Women Find Attractive (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoKA-a5vEEc), uploaded by Discovery UK.
Exercises: Watch, Read & Learn
Video 11.2: Marshmallow Test Reproduced (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amsqeYOk–w) uploaded by TodaSyo.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Video 11.3: The Surprising Science of Happiness (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q1dgn_C0AU) uploaded by Dan Gilbert.
Exercises: Things to Do
Video 11-4: Flow, the Secret to Happiness uploaded by Mihaly Csikszentimihalyi in February 2004.
Answers to Things to Do Questions
Ambridge, B. (2016). How happy are you? Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/apr/03/how-happy-are-you-quiz
BBC iPlayer Radio 4. (2010, August 10). Mind Changers – case study: John/Joan the boy who was raised as a girl [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00t97xf
The British Psychological Society. Research Digest. Jarrett, Christian. The deactivation effect: What 15 minutes device free solitude does to your emotions. Retrieved from https://main-researchdigest-bps.content.pugpig.com/2017/11/07/the-deactivation-effect-what-15-minutes-device-free-solitude-does-to-your-emotions/pugpig_index.html
Clarke, I. The Telegraph. 2016, March 7. How to stop be furious. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/wellbeing/mood-and-mind/how-to-stop-being-furious/
Copeland, L. (2017). Why Mind Wandering Can Be So Miserable, According to Happiness Experts. Retrieved from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-mind-wandering-can-be-so-miserable-according-happiness-experts-180962265/
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2004). Flow, the secret to happiness [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/mihaly_csikszentmihalyi_on_flow
Discovery UK. (2010, February 12). Science of sex appeal: what women find attractive [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoKA-a5vEEc
Engber, D. (2016). Sad Face – Another classic finding in psychology—that you can smile your way to happiness—just blew up. Is it time to panic yet? Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/cover_story /2016/08/can_smiling_make_you_happier_maybe_maybe_not_we_have_no_idea.html
Gilbert, D. (2012). The surprising science of happiness [Video File]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q1dgn_C0AU
Jarrett, C. (2017). Children of today are better at delaying gratification than previous generations. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/09/20/children-of-today-are-better-at-delaying-gratification-than-previous-generations/
PsyWeb.com. Social networks may lead to depression. Retrieved fromhttp://www.psyweb.com/videos/depression/social-networks-may-lead-to-depression-video
Robinson, M. (2015) Spend money, be happy. Retrieved from http://www.vancouversun.com/Spend+money+happy/11613024/story.html?__lsa=25e2-6dfc
Robson, D. (2017). A new way to look at emotions – and how to master yours. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20171012-how-emotions-can-trick-your-mind-and-body
Syo, T. (2009, April 18). Marshmallow test reproduced by Dr. David Walsh [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amsqeYOk–w
Test My Brain. Retrieved from https://www.testmybrain.org/
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Now test what you know!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=834
XII
Learning Objectives
65
Remember – use the opportunity to review what you know about each topic.
66
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Watch & Learn
Who Are You Really? The Puzzle of Personality: A 15-minute Ted Talk about personality and how malleable it may actually be.
Video 12.1: Who are You Really? The Puzzle of Personality (https://youtu.be/qYvXk_bqlBk) uploaded by Brian Little.
Exercises: Read, Listen & Learn
Exercises: Do & Think
@genetube. Retrieved from https://genetube.org/ddda95?fv=#/start-video
Ambridge, B. (2016). Do you have a healthy sense of self-esteem? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/jul/27/do-you-have-a-healthy-sense-of-self-esteem-take-this-quiz-to-find-out
American Psychological Association, Psychology: Science in Action (2014). More sleep would make us happier, healthier, safer. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/action/resources/research-in-action/sleep-deprivation.aspx
Apple Store- iTunes. (2018). Stop, Breathe & Think. Retrieved from https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/stop-breathe-think/id778848692?mt=8
BBC iPlayer Radio 4. (2015). Mind Changers – Carl Rogers and the person centered approach – Podcasts. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b063ztb0
Cherry, K. (2018). Theories and terminology of Personality Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/personality-psychology-study-guide-2795699
Jarrett, C. (2017). Researchers asked these British mothers which personality traits they would most wish for their babies – extraversion came out on top. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/09/06/most-mothers-hope-their-babies-will-become-extroverts-more-than-smart-or-self-disciplined/
Little, B. (2016, July 9). Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYvXk_bqlBk
Millard, C. (2016). Psychology by numbers: a brief history of personality tests. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/psychology-by-numbers-a-brief-history-of-personality-tests-53927
Molloy, M. (2015). Is this a circle? your answer could reveal a lot about your outlook on life. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/12037540/Is-this-a-circle-test-reveals-a-lot-about-your-personality.html
NOBA. 2016-2017 Noba + Psi Chi student video awards receipients. Retrieved from http://nobaproject.com/student-video-award/winners?utm_source=Noba&utm_campaign=53a3503110-2015_Student_Video_Award_Announcement5_6_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51cfc109ef-53a3503110-151163649
Truity. (2017). Big five personality tests. Retrieved from https://www.truity.com/view/tests/big-five-personality
Turner, R. (2018). Keeping a dream journal. Retrieved from http://www.world-of-lucid-dreaming.com/dream-journal.html
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Test what you have learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=836
XIII
Learning Objectives
71
Remember – go beyond True or False, review what you know about each topic.
72
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Psychological Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #28: A short video looking at the how we define “abnormal”.
Video 13.1: Psychological Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #28 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuhJ-GkRRQc) uploaded by CrashCourse.
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Look at this series of videos on specific disorders (often with additional information about how the disorders are treated):
Video 13.2: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwMlHkWKDwM) uploaded by CrashCourse.
2. OCD & Anxiety Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #29
Video 13.3: OCD & Anxiety Disroders, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aX7jnVXXG5o) uploaded by CrashCourse.
3. Personality Disorder: Crash Course Psychology #34
Video 13-4: Personality Disorders, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E1JiDFxFGk), uploaded by CrashCourse.
4. Eating and Body Dysmorphic Disorders: Crash Course Pscyhology #33
Video 13.5: Eating and Body Dysmorphic Disorders, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMVyZ6Ax-74) uploaded by Crash Course on October 6, 2014
5. Schizophrenia & Dissociative Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #32
Video 13.6: Schizophernia & Dissociative Disorders, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxktavpRdzU) uploaded by Crash Course.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
The Party: A Virtual Experience of Autism – 360 Film: How does a person with autism experience a social event? This 360 degree video will give you some idea.
Video 13.7: The Party: A Virtual Experience of Autism, (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtwOz1GVkDg&feature=youtu.be) uploaded by The Guardian.
Exercise: Watch & Learn
What Social Anxiety Feels Like: This short film describes what it is like to live with social anxiety
Video 13.8: What Social Anxiety Feels Like, (https://youtu.be/OMGUzXknoVQ) uploaded by As/Is.
Exercises: Do & Think
AnxietyCanada Youth. (n.d.). Is anxiety a problem for me? Take the quiz. Retrieved from https://youth.anxietycanada.com/anxiety-problem-me-take-quiz
Bregman, A., Fernando, S. & Hwaking, L. (2017, October 7). The Party: virtual experience of autism – 360 video [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/07/the-party-a-virtual-experience-of-autism-360-video
Casalena, E. (2016). 21 Amazing movies that actually understand mental illness. Retrieved from https://screenrant.com/best-films-depicting-mental-illness/
Crash Course. (2014, August 25). Psychological disorders: Crash course Psychology #28. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuhJ-GkRRQc
Crash Course. (2014, October 14). Personality Disorders: Crash course Psychology # 34 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E1JiDFxFGk
Crash Course. (2014, October 6). Eating and body dysmorphic disorders: Crash course Psychology #33 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMVyZ6Ax-74
Crash Course. (2014, September 1). OCD & Anxiety Disorders: Crash course Psychology #29 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aX7jnVXXG5o
Crash Course. (2014, September 29). Schizophrenia & Dissociative Disorders: Crash course Psychology #32 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxktavpRdzU
Crash Course. (2014, September 8). Depressive and bipolar disorders: Crash course Psychology #30 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwMlHkWKDwM
Gorvett, Z. (2016). What Freudian slips reveal about your mind. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160706-what-freudian-slips-really-reveal-about-your-mind
PsyWeb.com. (2017, October 22). People with social anxiety give a glimpse into their life [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.psyweb.com/videos/anxiety/people-with-social-anxiety-give-a-glimpse-into-their-life-video
sychCentral. (2018). Find help or online counseling now. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/
The Brain from Top to Bottom (n.d.) Symptoms, treatments and causes of depression. Retrieved from http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_08/d_08_p/d_08_p_dep/d_08_p_dep.html
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What do you know?
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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Learning Objectives
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Remember to use this test as an opportunity to review how much you know about each topic.
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Exercises: Read, Listen & Learn
Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercises: Do & Think
Video 14.1: Getting Help – Psychotherapy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nEL44QkL9w) uploaded by Crash Course.
a. Humanistic based therapy would be most likely to focus on:
i) personal growth
ii) early childhood experiences
iii) unconscious feelings
vi) unconscious behaviour
b.Free association and dream analysis would most likely be used by a(n):
i) behaviorist
ii) psychoanalyst
iii) humanist
vi) rationalist
c. Which of these is the odd one out?
i) Pavlov
ii) Thorndike
iii) Skinner
vi) Maslow
d. Client centred therapy was developed by:
i) Freud
ii) Jung
iii) Rogers
vi) Skinner
e. Cognitive therapy tends to focus on:
i) what people dream about
ii) what people think
iii) how people behave
vi) people’s physiological state
Answers for 3: a. i | b. ii | c. vi | d. iii | e. ii
Abrams, J. C. (2016, December 29). Pop psych: the best (and worst) TV therapists of 2016. Retrieved from http://observer.com/2016/12/pop-psych-the-best-and-worst-tv-therapists-of-2016/
Annenberg Learner. Approaches in practice. Retrieved from https://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/therapeutic/index.html
Boudjikanian, R. (Dec. 24, 2016) CBC News. Beyond entertainment: Virtual reality to ease anxiety no longer just sci-fi stuff. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/beyond-entertainment-virtual-reality-to-ease-anxiety-no-longer-just-sci-fi-stuff-1.3896459
Bryce, E. (March 24, 2016). The power of the placebo effect [Video file]. Retrieved from https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-power-of-the-placebo-effect-emma-bryce
Burkeman, O. (2016, January 25). The Guardian. Therapy wars: the revenge of Freud [Audio file]. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2016/jan/25/therapy-wars-the-revenge-of-freud
Crash Course. (2014, October 21). Getting help – psychotherapy – crash course psychology #35 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nEL44QkL9w
Crash Course. (2014, October 27). Biomedical treatments – crash course psychology #36 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2efaHgJ93A
Fleming, A. (September 12, 2016). The Guardian. Can apps improve your mental wellbeing? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/sep/12/can-apps-improve-your-mental-wellbeing
Hamond, C. (2015, August 26). BBC iPlayer Radio 4. Mind Changers – Carl Rogers and the person centred approach [Podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b063ztb0
Jarrett, C. (March 20, 2017). The British Psychological Society. Research Digest. Have we overestimated the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/03/20/have-we-overestimated-the-effectiveness-of-psychotherapy/
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Test what you know!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=841
XV
Learning Objectives
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Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Exercise: Read, Watch & Learn
Asch Conformity Experiment: Some original footage of the Asch conformity studies
Video 15.2: Asch Conformity Experiment (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnT2FcuZaYI&index= 4&list=PLM3D10PuvT4xBtvd1f4NriS5C5Ro9bBUh) uploaded by pumpitoutdotcom.
Solomon Asch-Conformity is a discussion of the Asch conformity studies.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00f8mzr)
Exercise: Watch & Learn
Solving Problems Through Team Training features an organizational psychologist describing the breadth of his work.
Video 15.3: Solving Problems Through Team Training (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvnIzUgs8x4) uploaded by the American Psycholgical Association.
Exercises: Do & Think
1. Watch this Girl Vs. Guy Pickpocket Experiment video which shows what’s described as a “social experiment”, then answer the questions a-c below.
Video 15.4: Guy vs. Girl Pickpocket Experiment (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeEXYZFR_Ic) uploaded by Coby Persin.
a) What did you think of the results of the “experiment”?
b) Can you think of anything other than the gender of the victim that may have influenced how people responded to the theft? For example, people may have been influenced by how many other people were in the area, whether the victim was engaged in a conversation, the size of the item being stolen etc.
c) If you were given the opportunity to explore this topic in an experiment of your own, how would you improve on this study? Remember, the aim is to control as many of the variables as possible leaving just the IV as the causal variable.
2. Now see what you make of this video Does Appearance Change How People Are Treated
Video 15.5: Does Appearance Change how People Are Treated (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5CvGJds6DQ) uploaded by Coby Persin.
a) How do you think you would have reacted to the two scenarios?
b) What would have influenced your behaviour?
c) Think about how you could investigate the impact of clothing on behaviour.
3. A chance to play The Prisoners’ Dilemma game (http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/playground/pd.html)
4. The Social Psychology Network provides links to lots of online social psychology studies you can participate in. Why not try a few? (https://www.socialpsychology.org/expts.htm)
a) Be sure to read the preliminary information to see how the researchers deal with ethical issues (and to decide if you want to participate!).
b) Were you able to “guess” the point of the study before it was revealed? If so, how do you think this might have influenced your responses?
c) What would you do differently if you had the time and resources to investigate the topic?
5. Try one of the Implicit Association tests (https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/) NEED TO SET UP LOGIN
Then read this article Deep Down, most of us are Racist – or Are We? critiquing the IAT
(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/deep-down-most-of-us-are-racist-or-are-we/article34265471/?utm_source=Shared+Article+Sent+to+User&utm_medium=E-mail:+Newsletters+/+E-Blasts+/+etc.&utm_campaign=Shared+Web+Article+Links)
6. Try the “your social brain” activity on TestMyBrain for insight into your social style. (https://www.testmybrain.org/)
American Psychological Association. (2014, July 23). Solving problems through team training [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvnIzUgs8x4
Coby, P. (2014, March 11). Girl VS Guy Pickpocket experiment [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeEXYZFR_Ic
Coby, P. (2015, January 8). Does appearance change how people are treated? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5CvGJds6DQ
Goudreau, J. (2016). A Harvard psychologist says people judge you based on 2 criteria when they first meet you. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/a-harvard-psychologist-says-people-judge-you-based-on-2-criteria-when-they-first-meet-you-a6819501.html
Hammond, C. (2003, December 9). Mind Changers – Solomon Asch Conformity [Audio podcast] Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00f8mzr
Project Implicit. (2011). Project Implicit. Retrieved from https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/
PumpItOut.com. (2011, March 26). Asch Conformity Experiment [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnT2FcuZaYI&index=4&list=PLM3D10PuvT4xBtvd1f4NriS5C5Ro9bBUh
Ramaswamy, C. (2017). Why the sound of Ed Sheeran helps sell fries. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/shortcuts/2017/apr/02/why-the-sound-of-ed-sheeran-helps-sell-fries
Serendip. (2018). You have found the prisoner’s dilemma. Retrieved from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/playground/pd.html
Smith, G. (2017, May 5). New Milgram replication in Poland finds 90 per cent of polish participants willing to deliver highest shock [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/05/05/new-milgram-replication-finds-90-per-cent-of-polish-participants-willing-to-deliver-highest-shock/
Social Psychology Network. (2018). Online social psychology studies. Retrieved from https://www.socialpsychology.org/expts.htm
TESTMYBRAIN. (2017). Featured brain tests. Retrieved from https://www.testmybrain.org/
The British Psychological Society. (2016). The Bystander Effect is about more than the diffusion of responsibility. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/06/29/the-bystander-effect-is-about-more-than-the-diffusion-of-responsibility/
UPtv. (2015, October 24). This girl was getting bullied: How these people react will amaze you [Video File]. Retrieved from https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PqU-hnowpZA
Wente, M. (2017). Deep down most of us are racists – or are we? Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/deep-down-most-of-us-are-racist-or-are-we/article34265471/?utm_source=Shared+Article+Sent+to+User&utm_medium=E-mail:+Newsletters+/+E-Blasts+/+etc.&utm_campaign=Shared+Web+Article+Links
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See what you have learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=844
XVI
Learning Objectives
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90
Try these AFTER you have thoroughly studied the chapter. You should not have to look back at the text to answer them (only to check your answer!). Remember, the point is NOT to memorize parts of the textbook but rather to understand the material and describe it in your OWN WORDS.
If you are going to write more than a couple of paragraphs, think about the structure of your answer.
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Exercises: Read & Learn
Exercises: Read, Watch & Learn
Video 16.1: How To Make Stress Your Friend,(https://www.ted.com/talks/ kelly_mcgonigal_how_to_make_stress_your_friend) uploaded by Kelly McGonigal.
a) What did you think? Has the speaker convinced you?
b) Are you motivated to change your behaviour?
Exercises: Watch & Learn
Birch, H. (2015). Where is the world’s most stressful city? Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/oct/08/where-world-most-stressful-city-urban-life-depression-anxiety
CBC., Marketplace. (2017). Addicted to your phone? Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/marketplace/episodes/2017-2018/addicted-to-your-phone
Greenberg, M. (2018, October 15). The Mindful self-express [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-mindful-self-express/201410/find-relief-the-stress-lifes-daily-hassles
LaMotte, S. (2016, July 15). The psychology and neuroscience of terrorism [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/25/health/brain-and-terrorist-attack/index.html
McGonigal, K. (2013 June). How to make stress your friend [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/kelly_mcgonigal_how_to_make_stress_your_friend
Morelli, J. (2016, March 17). Proven ways to relieve stress that could be damaging your heart [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.news1130.com/2016/03/17/video-proven-ways-to-relieve-stress-that-could-be-damaging-your-heart/
Raptitude.com. (2018). 6 helpful reminders for the overwhelmed person. Retrieved from http://www.raptitude.com/2013/10/6-helpful-reminders-for-the-overwhelmed-person/
Young, E. (2017). New evidence shows the calming power of reminiscing about happy times. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2017/05/12/new-evidence-shows-the-calming-power-of-reminiscing-about-happy-times/
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Test what you’ve learned!
An interactive or media element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/intropsychstudyguide/?p=847