{"id":167,"date":"2018-02-13T18:12:30","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T23:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=167"},"modified":"2019-02-05T16:01:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-05T21:01:48","slug":"activities-7","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/chapter\/activities-7\/","title":{"raw":"Activities","rendered":"Activities"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Read &amp; Learn<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform-search-and-rescue-missions\/\">Rats Can be Trained to Perform Search and Rescue Missions<\/a>: This article describes the use of operant conditioning to train rats to perform search and rescue missions:\r\n(https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform-search-and-rescue-missions\/)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds\/play\/b0639gxq\">BF Skinner and Supersitition in the Pigeon<\/a> is a podcast discussion of Skinner\u2019s contribution to psychology\r\n(http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0639gxq#play)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876\">We're Designing Minds': Industry Insider Reveals Secrets of Addictive App Trade<\/a>: This article looks at the use of behavioural principles (especially reinforcement) in app design.\r\n(http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx\">Video Game Design and Development<\/a>: An APA article on careers in video game design (this goes beyond using behavioural principles). (http:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538\">Rat Sniffing Out Landmines Speed up Process of a Mine Free World<\/a>: This article looks at the use of positive reinforcement to train rats to detect landmines (https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; Learn<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY\">Consumer Behaviour: A Primer\u00a0<\/a>: A brief overview of schedules of reinforcement with examples.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/JoP-2wn-2rY\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8.1:<\/em>\u00a0Consumer Behaviour: A Primer (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY) uploaded by Gail Tom.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; Learn<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/imkbuKomPXI\">Learning Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment<\/a>\u00a0provides a clear description of the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/imkbuKomPXI\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8.2<\/em>:\u00a0Learning Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment (https:\/\/youtu.be\/imkbuKomPXI)\u00a0uploaded by ByPass Publishing.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; Learn<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/128Ts5r9NRE\">Crash Course in Psycholocy #12<\/a>\u00a0is an animated look at Bandura\u2019s bobo doll study.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/128Ts5r9NRE\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8.3<\/em>: The Bobo Beatdown; Crash Course Psychology #12 (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE)\u00a0uploaded by CrashCourse.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf\">Confused Conditioning: Classical and Operant<\/a>: This video outlines the difference between classical and operant conditioning.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/AQXQxL_xqgk?list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8.4:\u00a0<\/em>Confused conditioning: Classical and operant by Jeffrey Stowell (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf)\u00a0uploaded by American Psychological Association.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; think<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nTwo short videos, the first showing how to use operant conditioning to train a rat to play basketball, and the second showing a rat basketball game!\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/g6F0bRTurPk\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8.5:<\/em> Rat Basketball Tutorial, (https:\/\/youtu.be\/g6F0bRTurPk)\u00a0uploaded by natasebem.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/drnnulHw5CM\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8-6:\u00a0<\/em> Rats Playing Basketball (championship game) (http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM)\u00a0uploaded by Richmond Times-Dispach.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Do &amp; Think<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">1. Want to change your behaviour?\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AdKUJxjn-R8\">Forget big Change, Start With a Tiny Habit<\/a> talks you through how to do this one <strong>tiny<\/strong> step at a time!\u00a0 After watching it, pick a behaviour you\u2019d like to change and have a go.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/AdKUJxjn-R8\r\n\r\n<em>Video 8-7:\u00a0<\/em>Forget Big Change, Start with a Tiny Habit\u00a0(https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8)\u00a0uploaded by BJ Fogg at TEDtalks.\r\n\r\n2. Or perhaps you\u2019d rather change your pet\u2019s behaviour?\u00a0 There are numerous programs showing how to use operant conditioning principles to teach a dog some tricks \u2026. but here\u2019s what you can do with a goldfish - <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish\">How To Play With a Goldfish!<\/a>\u00a0(http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish)\r\n\r\n3. If you enjoy playing video games pick a favourite game and see if you can identify the ways in which the developers use reinforcement to encourage you to keep playing.\u00a0 Can you think of some ways in which a teacher could use the same tactics to encourage students to study more?\r\n\r\n4. Clearly, some things are most easily learned via observation.\u00a0 You should be able to demonstrate this by comparing how quickly two friends can perform the same task (building a small Lego model perhaps or drawing a specific pattern) if you let one of them see you performing the task but give the other one written instructions \u2026\u2026 you will probably find it challenging to even produce written instructions which are sufficiently detailed!\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h1>References<\/h1>\r\nAmerican Psychological Association. (2012). Video game design and development. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx<\/a>\r\n\r\nAmerican Psychological Association. (2014, December 10).\u00a0 Confusing conditioning: classical and operant.\u00a0 [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf<\/a>\r\n\r\nBBC iPlayer Radio. (2015, August 19).\u00a0 BF Skinner and superstition in the pigeon.\u00a0 Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0639gxq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0639gxq#play<\/a>\r\n\r\nThe British Psychological Society.\u00a0 Research Digest. (2016).\u00a0 Rats can be trained to perform search and rescue missions.\u00a0 Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform%20-search-and-rescue-missions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform -search-and-rescue-missions\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nByPass Publishing. (2013, October 24).\u00a0 Learning negative reinforcement vs. punishment [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=imkbuKomPXI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=imkbuKomPXI<\/a>\r\n\r\nCBC News. (2017). Rats sniffing our landmines speed up process of a land mind free world. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538<\/a>\r\n\r\nCBC News. Marketplace. (2017).\u00a0 'We're designing minds': Industry insider reveals secrets of addictive app trade. Retrieved from\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876<\/a>\r\n\r\nCrash Course. (2014, April 28). The Bobo Beatdown - Crash Course Psychology #12 [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE<\/a>\r\n\r\nGailTom1. (2011, September 2). Operant Conditioning: Schedules of Reinforcement\u00a0 [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY<\/a>\r\n\r\nHow to play with a gold fish. (n.d.). Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish<\/a>\r\n\r\nNatasebem. (2008, June 1). Rat basketball tutorial [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=g6F0bRTurPk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=g6F0bRTurPk<\/a>\r\n\r\nRichmond Times. (2010, April 1). Rats playing basketball (championship game) [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM<\/a>\r\n\r\nTedxTalks. (2012, December 5). Forget big change, start with a tiny habit: BJ Fogg at <em>TEDxFremont<\/em> [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Read &amp; Learn<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform-search-and-rescue-missions\/\">Rats Can be Trained to Perform Search and Rescue Missions<\/a>: This article describes the use of operant conditioning to train rats to perform search and rescue missions:<br \/>\n(https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform-search-and-rescue-missions\/)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds\/play\/b0639gxq\">BF Skinner and Supersitition in the Pigeon<\/a> is a podcast discussion of Skinner\u2019s contribution to psychology<br \/>\n(http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0639gxq#play)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876\">We&#8217;re Designing Minds&#8217;: Industry Insider Reveals Secrets of Addictive App Trade<\/a>: This article looks at the use of behavioural principles (especially reinforcement) in app design.<br \/>\n(http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx\">Video Game Design and Development<\/a>: An APA article on careers in video game design (this goes beyond using behavioural principles). (http:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538\">Rat Sniffing Out Landmines Speed up Process of a Mine Free World<\/a>: This article looks at the use of positive reinforcement to train rats to detect landmines (https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; Learn<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY\">Consumer Behaviour: A Primer\u00a0<\/a>: A brief overview of schedules of reinforcement with examples.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Operant Conditioning - Schedules of Reinforcement.wmv\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JoP-2wn-2rY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8.1:<\/em>\u00a0Consumer Behaviour: A Primer (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY) uploaded by Gail Tom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; Learn<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/imkbuKomPXI\">Learning Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment<\/a>\u00a0provides a clear description of the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Learning: Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/imkbuKomPXI?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8.2<\/em>:\u00a0Learning Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment (https:\/\/youtu.be\/imkbuKomPXI)\u00a0uploaded by ByPass Publishing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; Learn<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/128Ts5r9NRE\">Crash Course in Psycholocy #12<\/a>\u00a0is an animated look at Bandura\u2019s bobo doll study.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"The Bobo Beatdown: Crash Course Psychology #12\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/128Ts5r9NRE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8.3<\/em>: The Bobo Beatdown; Crash Course Psychology #12 (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE)\u00a0uploaded by CrashCourse.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf\">Confused Conditioning: Classical and Operant<\/a>: This video outlines the difference between classical and operant conditioning.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Confusing conditioning: Classical and operant\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AQXQxL_xqgk?list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8.4:\u00a0<\/em>Confused conditioning: Classical and operant by Jeffrey Stowell (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf)\u00a0uploaded by American Psychological Association.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Watch &amp; think<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Two short videos, the first showing how to use operant conditioning to train a rat to play basketball, and the second showing a rat basketball game!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-5\" title=\"Rat Basketball Tutorial\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g6F0bRTurPk?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8.5:<\/em> Rat Basketball Tutorial, (https:\/\/youtu.be\/g6F0bRTurPk)\u00a0uploaded by natasebem.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-6\" title=\"Rats playing basketball (championship game)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/drnnulHw5CM?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8-6:\u00a0<\/em> Rats Playing Basketball (championship game) (http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM)\u00a0uploaded by Richmond Times-Dispach.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises: Do &amp; Think<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">1. Want to change your behaviour?\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AdKUJxjn-R8\">Forget big Change, Start With a Tiny Habit<\/a> talks you through how to do this one <strong>tiny<\/strong> step at a time!\u00a0 After watching it, pick a behaviour you\u2019d like to change and have a go.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-7\" title=\"Forget big change, start with a tiny habit: BJ Fogg at TEDxFremont\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AdKUJxjn-R8?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video 8-7:\u00a0<\/em>Forget Big Change, Start with a Tiny Habit\u00a0(https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8)\u00a0uploaded by BJ Fogg at TEDtalks.<\/p>\n<p>2. Or perhaps you\u2019d rather change your pet\u2019s behaviour?\u00a0 There are numerous programs showing how to use operant conditioning principles to teach a dog some tricks \u2026. but here\u2019s what you can do with a goldfish &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish\">How To Play With a Goldfish!<\/a>\u00a0(http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish)<\/p>\n<p>3. If you enjoy playing video games pick a favourite game and see if you can identify the ways in which the developers use reinforcement to encourage you to keep playing.\u00a0 Can you think of some ways in which a teacher could use the same tactics to encourage students to study more?<\/p>\n<p>4. Clearly, some things are most easily learned via observation.\u00a0 You should be able to demonstrate this by comparing how quickly two friends can perform the same task (building a small Lego model perhaps or drawing a specific pattern) if you let one of them see you performing the task but give the other one written instructions \u2026\u2026 you will probably find it challenging to even produce written instructions which are sufficiently detailed!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h1>References<\/h1>\n<p>American Psychological Association. (2012). Video game design and development. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.apa.org\/gradpsych\/2012\/01\/hot-careers.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n<p>American Psychological Association. (2014, December 10).\u00a0 Confusing conditioning: classical and operant.\u00a0 [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AQXQxL_xqgk&amp;list=PLxf85IzktYWJH0behJ-ZQeZnsUQGzvFFf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC iPlayer Radio. (2015, August 19).\u00a0 BF Skinner and superstition in the pigeon.\u00a0 Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0639gxq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b0639gxq#play<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The British Psychological Society.\u00a0 Research Digest. (2016).\u00a0 Rats can be trained to perform search and rescue missions.\u00a0 Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform%20-search-and-rescue-missions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/digest.bps.org.uk\/2016\/03\/17\/rats-can-be-trained-to-perform -search-and-rescue-missions\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ByPass Publishing. (2013, October 24).\u00a0 Learning negative reinforcement vs. punishment [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=imkbuKomPXI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=imkbuKomPXI<\/a><\/p>\n<p>CBC News. (2017). Rats sniffing our landmines speed up process of a land mind free world. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/rats-ottawa-treaty-landines-1.4425538<\/a><\/p>\n<p>CBC News. Marketplace. (2017).\u00a0 &#8216;We&#8217;re designing minds&#8217;: Industry insider reveals secrets of addictive app trade. Retrieved from\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/technology\/marketplace-phones-1.4384876<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Crash Course. (2014, April 28). The Bobo Beatdown &#8211; Crash Course Psychology #12 [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=128Ts5r9NRE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>GailTom1. (2011, September 2). Operant Conditioning: Schedules of Reinforcement\u00a0 [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JoP-2wn-2rY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>How to play with a gold fish. (n.d.). Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Play-With-a-Goldfish<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Natasebem. (2008, June 1). Rat basketball tutorial [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=g6F0bRTurPk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=g6F0bRTurPk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Richmond Times. (2010, April 1). Rats playing basketball (championship game) [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=drnnulHw5CM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>TedxTalks. (2012, December 5). Forget big change, start with a tiny habit: BJ Fogg at <em>TEDxFremont<\/em> [Video File]. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AdKUJxjn-R8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-167","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":158,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":889,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/167\/revisions\/889"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/158"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/167\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=167"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=167"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/intropsychstudyguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}