{"id":413,"date":"2020-02-24T21:20:24","date_gmt":"2020-02-25T02:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=413"},"modified":"2021-08-31T01:30:22","modified_gmt":"2021-08-31T05:30:22","slug":"research-skills","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/chapter\/research-skills\/","title":{"raw":"Research Skills","rendered":"Research Skills"},"content":{"raw":"<h2><span style=\"color: #808080\">It's vital to present information in your own words, and credit your sources. This chapter teaches you how to summarize, paraphrase and credit your sources.<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<h2>Plagiarism<\/h2>\r\nPlagiarism includes:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Presenting other people's work as your own<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Using other people's work without paraphrasing or summarizing it<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Not citing work that you have paraphrased, summarized or quoted<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In school, submitting work that you've already submitted in another course<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>How to Avoid Plagiarism<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Use valid resources<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As you read\/watch\/listen to the resources, make [pb_glossary id=\"1868\"]point-form[\/pb_glossary] notes of the information that's useful for your report<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Note the resource title, author, date of creation and URL if it's online. You will use this later to cite your sources<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Organize your notes in the order that's appropriate for your report<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Turn your research notes into full sentences and paragraphs<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Paraphrasing and Summarizing<\/h2>\r\nWhen you use facts, data or ideas from a resource, you can <em>paraphrase<\/em> or <em>summarize<\/em> the source.\r\n<h3>How to Paraphrase<\/h3>\r\nParaphrasing <strong>uses<\/strong> key facts and data from the resource. Here's how to paraphrase:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Make point-form notes of the relevant facts and data in the valid resource<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Group and organize your notes so they make sense for your report<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Expand your notes into sentences and paragraphs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cite your source (details below)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em><strong>Don't just copy sentences from the resource and change a few words in each sentence \u2013 that's plagiarism.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\nFor example:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Original<\/strong>: Although the gender gap in educational attainment favours women, gender imbalances vary widely by degree level and discipline. Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields. Just as gender inequities are present in post-secondary attainment, they are also evident in labour force participation and outcomes, with women consistently underrepresented in senior leadership positions. The structural barriers and gaps to post-secondary education and work are wider yet for Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2S, and racialized Canadians.[footnote]Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a> [\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Paraphrased<\/strong>: Indigenous people, LGBTQ2S, people with mental and physical disabilities, and people of colour face significant barriers to higher education and professional employment. Gender inequalities are another problem; women are still underrepresented in STEM programs and C-suite positions, despite typically outperforming men scholastically. [footnote]Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a>\u00a0[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>How to Summarize<\/h3>\r\nSummarizing <strong>describes<\/strong> the key ideas of the resource. A summary is shorter than the original content and is written in your own sentences.\r\n\r\nTo summarize:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Make point-form notes that describe the resource's key ideas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Organize your notes in a way that makes sense to your report<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Expand your notes into sentences and paragraphs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cite your source (details below)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nFor example:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Original<\/strong>: Although the gender gap in educational attainment favours women, gender imbalances vary widely by degree level and discipline. Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields. Just as gender inequities are present in post-secondary attainment, they are also evident in labour force participation and outcomes, with women consistently underrepresented in senior leadership positions. The structural barriers and gaps to post-secondary education and work are wider yet for Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2S, and racialized Canadians.[footnote]Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a> [\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Summarized<\/strong>: The article states that despite doing better in school than men, women are underrepresented in STEM programs and high-level professional positions. Indigenous people, racialized people, LGBTQ2S and people with disabilities have even harder times succeeding at school and in the workplace, because of systemic barriers and missing resources.[footnote]Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion [\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Quotations<\/h2>\r\nVery rarely, you will use a quotation. A quotation is the author's words exactly as they were written or spoken. Use a quotation only when's absolutely necessary.\r\n\r\nWe add quotation marks at the start and end of the quotation. For example:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Original<\/strong>: Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Quotation<\/strong>: \"Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields.\"[footnote]Conference Board of Canada. \u201cGender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives.\u201d Conference Board of Canada. Last accessed February 26, 2020. https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\nKeep quotations short, especially in reports. A good limit is about 100 words. Most of your writing should be in your own words; it's not acceptable to submit work that's mostly quotations.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Citations<\/h2>\r\n<h3>What are Citations?<\/h3>\r\nWhen you use information from sources other than your own experience, you need to state where you got the information. This is called a citation, or citing a source.\r\n<h3>Why are Citations Important?<\/h3>\r\nA citation tells the reader or listener:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>That you did not create the information yourself<\/li>\r\n \t<li>That you're using real information, not something you made up<\/li>\r\n \t<li>That your sources are valid and trustworthy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Where you got the information<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Where to find more information<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>When Do I Include a Citation?<\/h3>\r\nWhen you include information that you did not create, you must <strong>always<\/strong> cite the source.\r\n\r\nThe only time you don't need to cite information is when it's from your own experience, or is considered <em>[pb_glossary id=\"424\"]common knowledge[\/pb_glossary]<\/em>.\r\n<h3>What to Cite:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Words, ideas, information<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Images, video, audio<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conversations, lectures, presentations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Data, statistics<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Charts, graphs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Content that you found online, including podcasts and social media<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Course material<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>You Don't Need to Cite:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Your own experiences, thoughts and ideas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Your own art: images, art, recordings or photos that you made (but it's a good idea to credit yourself, so people know you didn't plagiarize)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[pb_glossary id=\"424\"]Common knowledge[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>How Do I Cite?<\/h2>\r\nIn Business, we use <em>Chicago Style<\/em> Citations. Chicago Style citations use footnotes and a bibliography.\r\n<h3>Chicago Style Footnotes<\/h3>\r\nAt the end of the paraphrased, summarized or quoted content, add a footnote. The footnote comprises two parts:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>A superscript number at the end of the content you're citing. (Looks like this: <sup>1<\/sup>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The footnote at the bottom of the page. Footnotes vary depending on whether the source is from a website, book, academic journal or personal conversation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4>Citing a Website<\/h4>\r\nA Chicago style footnote for a website uses this format:\r\n<blockquote>Footnote number. Author\u2019s Firstname Author\u2019s Lastname, \u201cArticle Title,\u201d Website Name, last modified (or accessed on) date, URL.<\/blockquote>\r\nFor example:\r\n<blockquote>1. Martin Turcotte, \u201cVolunteering and Charitable Giving in Canada,\u201d Statistics Canada, last modified April 15, 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.\">http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.<\/a><\/blockquote>\r\n<h4>Citing Other Sources<\/h4>\r\nThese two resources show you how to cite any type of resource, including books, videos, conversations, or academic journals:<strong>\r\n<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langara.libguides.com\/ld.php?content_id=34604819\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to format footnotes and bibliography<\/a> [PDF]<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langara.libguides.com\/chicago-citation-tutorial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tutorial: All About Citation in Chicago Style<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tip:<\/strong> To add a footnote in Word or Googledocs, click \"Insert footnote,\" then enter the citation information. The superscript number automatically appears, and is linked to the footnote at the bottom of the page. (The footnotes will update automatically if you move content or add citations.)\r\n\r\n<em>Always check that the citation is correct; some word processing tools format incorrectly.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3>Chicago Style Bibliography<\/h3>\r\nChicago style citations include a bibliography. The bibliography is a list on the last page of your document that shows all the sources you cited. Sources are listed alphabetically by author's last name, with a space between each source.\r\n\r\nChicago style bibliography sources look very similar to footnotes, except:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The author's last name goes first<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Periods replace the commas<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sources aren't numbered<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFor example:\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 85%\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 100%\">\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\r\nBariso, Justin. \u201cWhat is Emotional Intelligence?.\u201d Inc. Last accessed Dec 23, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inc.com\/justin-bariso\/what-is-emotional-intelligence-exactly-heres-the-entire-concept-summed-up-in-1-s.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.inc.com\/justin-bariso\/what-is-emotional-intelligence-exactly-heres-the-entire-concept-summed-up-in-1-s.html\u00a0<\/a>\r\n\r\nConference Board of Canada. \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives.\" Conference Board of Canada. Last accessed February 26, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a>\r\n\r\nMediasmarts. \"On The Loose: A Guide to Life Online For Post-Secondary Students.\" Mediasmarts. 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/mediasmarts.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/guides\/on_the_loose.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/mediasmarts.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/guides\/on_the_loose.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nTurcotte, Martin. \u201cVolunteering and Charitable Giving in Canada.\u201d Statistics Canada. Last modified April 15, 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.\">http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.<\/a><\/blockquote>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;background-color: #6699ff\">\u00a0 Self-assessment\u00a0 <\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[h5p id=\"69\"]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;background-color: #99cc00\">\u00a0 Canadian Workplace Quiz\u00a0 <\/span><\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"55\"]","rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #808080\">It&#8217;s vital to present information in your own words, and credit your sources. This chapter teaches you how to summarize, paraphrase and credit your sources.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2>Plagiarism<\/h2>\n<p>Plagiarism includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Presenting other people&#8217;s work as your own<\/li>\n<li>Using other people&#8217;s work without paraphrasing or summarizing it<\/li>\n<li>Not citing work that you have paraphrased, summarized or quoted<\/li>\n<li>In school, submitting work that you&#8217;ve already submitted in another course<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How to Avoid Plagiarism<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Use valid resources<\/li>\n<li>As you read\/watch\/listen to the resources, make <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_413_1868\">point-form<\/a> notes of the information that&#8217;s useful for your report<\/li>\n<li>Note the resource title, author, date of creation and URL if it&#8217;s online. You will use this later to cite your sources<\/li>\n<li>Organize your notes in the order that&#8217;s appropriate for your report<\/li>\n<li>Turn your research notes into full sentences and paragraphs<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Paraphrasing and Summarizing<\/h2>\n<p>When you use facts, data or ideas from a resource, you can <em>paraphrase<\/em> or <em>summarize<\/em> the source.<\/p>\n<h3>How to Paraphrase<\/h3>\n<p>Paraphrasing <strong>uses<\/strong> key facts and data from the resource. Here&#8217;s how to paraphrase:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Make point-form notes of the relevant facts and data in the valid resource<\/li>\n<li>Group and organize your notes so they make sense for your report<\/li>\n<li>Expand your notes into sentences and paragraphs<\/li>\n<li>Cite your source (details below)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em><strong>Don&#8217;t just copy sentences from the resource and change a few words in each sentence \u2013 that&#8217;s plagiarism.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Original<\/strong>: Although the gender gap in educational attainment favours women, gender imbalances vary widely by degree level and discipline. Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields. Just as gender inequities are present in post-secondary attainment, they are also evident in labour force participation and outcomes, with women consistently underrepresented in senior leadership positions. The structural barriers and gaps to post-secondary education and work are wider yet for Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2S, and racialized Canadians.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Conference Board of Canada, &quot;Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives&quot;, Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" id=\"return-footnote-413-1\" href=\"#footnote-413-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Paraphrased<\/strong>: Indigenous people, LGBTQ2S, people with mental and physical disabilities, and people of colour face significant barriers to higher education and professional employment. Gender inequalities are another problem; women are still underrepresented in STEM programs and C-suite positions, despite typically outperforming men scholastically. <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Conference Board of Canada, &quot;Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives&quot;, Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\u00a0\" id=\"return-footnote-413-2\" href=\"#footnote-413-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>How to Summarize<\/h3>\n<p>Summarizing <strong>describes<\/strong> the key ideas of the resource. A summary is shorter than the original content and is written in your own sentences.<\/p>\n<p>To summarize:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Make point-form notes that describe the resource&#8217;s key ideas<\/li>\n<li>Organize your notes in a way that makes sense to your report<\/li>\n<li>Expand your notes into sentences and paragraphs<\/li>\n<li>Cite your source (details below)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Original<\/strong>: Although the gender gap in educational attainment favours women, gender imbalances vary widely by degree level and discipline. Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields. Just as gender inequities are present in post-secondary attainment, they are also evident in labour force participation and outcomes, with women consistently underrepresented in senior leadership positions. The structural barriers and gaps to post-secondary education and work are wider yet for Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2S, and racialized Canadians.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Conference Board of Canada, &quot;Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives&quot;, Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" id=\"return-footnote-413-3\" href=\"#footnote-413-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Summarized<\/strong>: The article states that despite doing better in school than men, women are underrepresented in STEM programs and high-level professional positions. Indigenous people, racialized people, LGBTQ2S and people with disabilities have even harder times succeeding at school and in the workplace, because of systemic barriers and missing resources.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Conference Board of Canada, &quot;Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives&quot;, Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" id=\"return-footnote-413-4\" href=\"#footnote-413-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Quotations<\/h2>\n<p>Very rarely, you will use a quotation. A quotation is the author&#8217;s words exactly as they were written or spoken. Use a quotation only when&#8217;s absolutely necessary.<\/p>\n<p>We add quotation marks at the start and end of the quotation. For example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Original<\/strong>: Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><strong>Quotation<\/strong>: &#8220;Women continue to be significantly underrepresented in high-earning STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) fields.&#8221;<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Conference Board of Canada. \u201cGender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives.\u201d Conference Board of Canada. Last accessed February 26, 2020. https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" id=\"return-footnote-413-5\" href=\"#footnote-413-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Keep quotations short, especially in reports. A good limit is about 100 words. Most of your writing should be in your own words; it&#8217;s not acceptable to submit work that&#8217;s mostly quotations.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Citations<\/h2>\n<h3>What are Citations?<\/h3>\n<p>When you use information from sources other than your own experience, you need to state where you got the information. This is called a citation, or citing a source.<\/p>\n<h3>Why are Citations Important?<\/h3>\n<p>A citation tells the reader or listener:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>That you did not create the information yourself<\/li>\n<li>That you&#8217;re using real information, not something you made up<\/li>\n<li>That your sources are valid and trustworthy<\/li>\n<li>Where you got the information<\/li>\n<li>Where to find more information<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>When Do I Include a Citation?<\/h3>\n<p>When you include information that you did not create, you must <strong>always<\/strong> cite the source.<\/p>\n<p>The only time you don&#8217;t need to cite information is when it&#8217;s from your own experience, or is considered <em><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_413_424\">common knowledge<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>What to Cite:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Words, ideas, information<\/li>\n<li>Images, video, audio<\/li>\n<li>Conversations, lectures, presentations<\/li>\n<li>Data, statistics<\/li>\n<li>Charts, graphs<\/li>\n<li>Content that you found online, including podcasts and social media<\/li>\n<li>Course material<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>You Don&#8217;t Need to Cite:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Your own experiences, thoughts and ideas<\/li>\n<li>Your own art: images, art, recordings or photos that you made (but it&#8217;s a good idea to credit yourself, so people know you didn&#8217;t plagiarize)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_413_424\">Common knowledge<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>How Do I Cite?<\/h2>\n<p>In Business, we use <em>Chicago Style<\/em> Citations. Chicago Style citations use footnotes and a bibliography.<\/p>\n<h3>Chicago Style Footnotes<\/h3>\n<p>At the end of the paraphrased, summarized or quoted content, add a footnote. The footnote comprises two parts:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A superscript number at the end of the content you&#8217;re citing. (Looks like this: <sup>1<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li>The footnote at the bottom of the page. Footnotes vary depending on whether the source is from a website, book, academic journal or personal conversation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Citing a Website<\/h4>\n<p>A Chicago style footnote for a website uses this format:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Footnote number. Author\u2019s Firstname Author\u2019s Lastname, \u201cArticle Title,\u201d Website Name, last modified (or accessed on) date, URL.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>1. Martin Turcotte, \u201cVolunteering and Charitable Giving in Canada,\u201d Statistics Canada, last modified April 15, 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.\">http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Citing Other Sources<\/h4>\n<p>These two resources show you how to cite any type of resource, including books, videos, conversations, or academic journals:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langara.libguides.com\/ld.php?content_id=34604819\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to format footnotes and bibliography<\/a> [PDF]<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langara.libguides.com\/chicago-citation-tutorial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tutorial: All About Citation in Chicago Style<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> To add a footnote in Word or Googledocs, click &#8220;Insert footnote,&#8221; then enter the citation information. The superscript number automatically appears, and is linked to the footnote at the bottom of the page. (The footnotes will update automatically if you move content or add citations.)<\/p>\n<p><em>Always check that the citation is correct; some word processing tools format incorrectly.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Chicago Style Bibliography<\/h3>\n<p>Chicago style citations include a bibliography. The bibliography is a list on the last page of your document that shows all the sources you cited. Sources are listed alphabetically by author&#8217;s last name, with a space between each source.<\/p>\n<p>Chicago style bibliography sources look very similar to footnotes, except:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The author&#8217;s last name goes first<\/li>\n<li>Periods replace the commas<\/li>\n<li>Sources aren&#8217;t numbered<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 85%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 100%\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bariso, Justin. \u201cWhat is Emotional Intelligence?.\u201d Inc. Last accessed Dec 23, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inc.com\/justin-bariso\/what-is-emotional-intelligence-exactly-heres-the-entire-concept-summed-up-in-1-s.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.inc.com\/justin-bariso\/what-is-emotional-intelligence-exactly-heres-the-entire-concept-summed-up-in-1-s.html\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Conference Board of Canada. &#8220;Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives.&#8221; Conference Board of Canada. Last accessed February 26, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mediasmarts. &#8220;On The Loose: A Guide to Life Online For Post-Secondary Students.&#8221; Mediasmarts. 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/mediasmarts.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/guides\/on_the_loose.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/mediasmarts.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/guides\/on_the_loose.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Turcotte, Martin. \u201cVolunteering and Charitable Giving in Canada.\u201d Statistics Canada. Last modified April 15, 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.\">http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-652-x\/89-652-x2015001-eng.htm.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;background-color: #6699ff\">\u00a0 Self-assessment\u00a0 <\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<div id=\"h5p-69\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-69\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"69\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Research Skills Quiz\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;background-color: #99cc00\">\u00a0 Canadian Workplace Quiz\u00a0 <\/span><\/h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-55\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-55\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"55\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Business Cultural Norms Quiz-Research Skills\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-413-1\">Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a>  <a href=\"#return-footnote-413-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-413-2\">Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"#return-footnote-413-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-413-3\">Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion<\/a>  <a href=\"#return-footnote-413-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-413-4\">Conference Board of Canada, \"Gender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives\", Conference Board of Canada, Last accessed February 26, 2020, https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion  <a href=\"#return-footnote-413-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-413-5\">Conference Board of Canada. \u201cGender Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion: Business and Higher Education Perspectives.\u201d Conference Board of Canada. Last accessed February 26, 2020. https:\/\/www.conferenceboard.ca\/edu\/research\/gender-equity-diversity-and-inclusion <a href=\"#return-footnote-413-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_413_1868\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_413_1868\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Bulleted lists with key words only. NOT sentences.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_413_424\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_413_424\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Common knowledge is information that most people know, such as <em>Canada is in North America<\/em>\u00a0or <em>Canada has 10 provinces<\/em>. You don't need to cite a source for common knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common knowledge <\/strong><em>Shakespeare was a writer<\/em> (no citation needed)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Not common knowledge<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets<\/em> (citation needed)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":845,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-413","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/845"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1872,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/413\/revisions\/1872"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/413\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=413"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=413"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/lucindaatwood\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}