{"id":135,"date":"2025-11-30T19:48:25","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T00:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-5-unit-4-grammar-focus\/"},"modified":"2026-05-22T13:55:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T17:55:04","slug":"chapter-5-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-5-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Revision: Identity Sentences for Identifying People<\/h2>\r\nIn the previous chapter, you learned that identity sentences are used for labeling or identifying.\r\n\r\nIdentity sentences follow the idea:\r\n\r\nX = Y\r\n\r\nThey tell us who someone is or what something is.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma widy\u0101rth\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am a student.\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho.<\/em>\r\nThis is Ram.\r\n\r\nUse identity sentences for:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>names<\/li>\r\n \t<li>roles<\/li>\r\n \t<li>jobs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>relationships<\/li>\r\n \t<li>categories<\/li>\r\n \t<li>nationality or identity labels<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nDo not use identity forms for location, existence, or temporary conditions.\r\n\r\nFor location, existence, and temporary states, Nepali uses \u091b \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d (<em>cha \/ chan<\/em>) patterns. These are introduced in other sections.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\nCorrect identity sentence:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\nCorrect location sentence:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101\u1e6dhm\u0101\u1e0dau\u0303m\u0101 hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is in Kathmandu.\r\n\r\nCorrect condition sentence:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092d\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0915\u094b \u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b bhok l\u0101geko cha.<\/em>\r\nI am hungry.\r\n<h2>Identity Forms in Nepali<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, identity sentences use present-tense forms of \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941 (<em>hunu<\/em>), including:\r\n\r\n\u0939\u0941\u0901\r\n<em>hu\u0303<\/em>\r\nam\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\r\n<em>ho<\/em>\r\nis\r\n\r\n\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\r\n<em>hun<\/em>\r\nare\r\n\r\n\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>\r\nis\/are, respectful\r\n\r\nThe form changes depending on:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>the subject<\/li>\r\n \t<li>number<\/li>\r\n \t<li>level of respect<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Negative Identity Forms<\/h2>\r\nNegative identity sentences also change depending on the subject and level of respect.\r\n\r\nPlain subjects use:\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\r\n<em>hoina<\/em>\r\nis not \/ am not\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d\r\n<em>hoinan<\/em>\r\nare not\r\n\r\nHonorific subjects use:\r\n\r\n\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\r\n<em>hunuhunna<\/em>\r\nis not \/ are not, respectful\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>ma \u015bik\u1e63ak hoina.<\/em>\r\nI am not a teacher.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0964\r\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b widy\u0101rth\u012b hoinan.<\/em>\r\nThey are not students.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u1e0d\u0101k\u1e6dar hunuhunna.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is not a doctor.\r\n\r\nThe tables below show common identity forms for people in the present tense.\r\n\r\n[table id=138 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=139 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=140 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=141 \/]\r\n<h2>Simple Rule<\/h2>\r\nUse \u0939\u094b \/ \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928 (<em>ho \/ hoina<\/em>) with singular plain identity sentences.\r\n\r\nUse \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d \/ \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d (<em>hun \/ hoinan<\/em>) with plural plain identity sentences.\r\n\r\nUse \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 (<em>hunuhuncha \/ hunuhunna<\/em>) with respectful identity sentences.\r\n<h2>Try It Now<\/h2>\r\nRead the sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma widy\u0101rth\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am a student.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>ma \u015bik\u1e63ak hoina.<\/em>\r\nI am not a teacher.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u1e0d\u0101k\u1e6dar hunuhunna.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is not a doctor.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0964\r\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b widy\u0101rth\u012b hun.<\/em>\r\nThey are students.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0964\r\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b \u015bik\u1e63ak hoinan.<\/em>\r\nThey are not teachers.\r\n<h2>Common Mistake<\/h2>\r\nDo not use \u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>) for every English \u201cis.\u201d\r\n\r\nUse identity forms only when you are identifying someone or something.\r\n\r\nIdentity:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\nNot identity:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101\u1e6dhm\u0101\u1e0dau\u0303m\u0101 hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is in Kathmandu.\r\n\r\nTemporary condition:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b \u1e6dh\u012bk cha.<\/em>\r\nI am fine.\r\n<h2>Questions with the Identity Verb<\/h2>\r\nTo ask \u201cwho\u201d questions about people, use \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>), meaning \u201cwho?\u201d\r\n\r\nIn identity questions, \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) usually appears before the identity verb.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\n\u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?\r\n<em>tin\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em>\r\nWho are they?\r\n\r\nThe verb must match the subject\u2019s number and level of respect.\r\n\r\nPlain singular subjects use \u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>).\r\n\r\nPlain plural subjects use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>).\r\n\r\nRespectful subjects use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>).\r\n\r\n[table id=142 \/]\r\n<h2>Yes\/No Identity Questions<\/h2>\r\nYou can also ask yes\/no identity questions.\r\n\r\nThere are two common ways:\r\n\r\nUse rising intonation at the end of the sentence.\r\n\r\nAdd \u0915\u0947 (<em>ke<\/em>) at the beginning of the sentence.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nIs he\/she a teacher?\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>ke uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nIs he\/she a teacher?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho?<\/em>\r\nIs this Ram?\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>ke yo r\u0101m ho?<\/em>\r\nIs this Ram?\r\n<h2>Try It Now<\/h2>\r\nChange each statement into a question.\r\n\r\nStatement:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\nQuestion:\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>ke uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nIs he\/she a teacher?\r\n\r\nStatement:\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho.<\/em>\r\nThis is Ram.\r\n\r\nQuestion:\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>ke yo r\u0101m ho?<\/em>\r\nIs this Ram?\r\n<h2>Interrogative Pronoun: \u0915\u094b<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) means \u201cwho?\u201d\r\n\r\nUse \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) to ask about a person\u2019s identity.\r\n\r\nThe verb form changes depending on the subject.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\n\u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?\r\n<em>tin\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em>\r\nWho are they?\r\n\r\n[table id=144 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=145 \/]\r\n<h2>Learner Tip<\/h2>\r\nDo not confuse \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) \u201cwho?\u201d with \u2013\u0915\u094b (<em>\u2013ko<\/em>) \u201cof\u201d or possessive \u201c\u2019s.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u0915\u094b\r\n<em>ko<\/em>\r\nwho?\r\n\r\n\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b\r\n<em>r\u0101mko<\/em>\r\nRam\u2019s \/ of Ram\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>yo r\u0101mko kit\u0101b ho.<\/em>\r\nThis is Ram\u2019s book.\r\n<h2>Expressing Origin<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) means \u201cfrom where?\u201d\r\n\r\nIt is used to ask where a person or thing is from.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\r\n<em>kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>\r\nwhere\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093e\u091f\r\n<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>\r\nfrom\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f\r\n<em>kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>\r\nfrom where\r\n\r\nNepali uses postpositions. This means the marker comes after the noun.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f\r\n<em>nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>\r\nfrom Nepal\r\n\r\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f\r\n<em>ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>\r\nfrom Canada\r\n\r\n\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f\r\n<em>amerik\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>\r\nfrom America\r\n\r\nDo not say \u092c\u093e\u091f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da nep\u0101l<\/em>). In Nepali, \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) comes after the place name.\r\n\r\n[table id=146 \/]\r\n<h2>Try It Now<\/h2>\r\nRead the questions and answers aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhere are you from?\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am from Nepal.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhere is he\/she from?\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is from Canada.\r\n<h2>Origin vs. Nationality<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, \u201cwhere someone is from\u201d and \u201cwhat someone is\u201d use two different patterns.\r\n\r\nOrigin uses \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>), meaning \u201cfrom.\u201d\r\n\r\nNationality or identity does not use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>).\r\n<h2>A. Place of Origin<\/h2>\r\nUse \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) to say where someone is from.\r\n\r\nStructure:\r\n\r\nPlace + \u092c\u093e\u091f + identity verb\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am from Nepal.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is from Canada.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhere are you from?\r\n\r\n[table id=147 \/]\r\n\r\nMeaning focus:\r\n\r\nThis pattern describes origin or source.\r\n<h2>B. Nationality or Identity Label<\/h2>\r\nUse an identity word such as \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 (<em>nep\u0101l\u012b<\/em>)\u00a0when describing nationality or identity.\r\n\r\nDo not use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) in this pattern.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am Nepali.\r\n\r\n[table id=148 \/]\r\n\r\nMeaning focus:\r\n\r\nThis pattern expresses identity or classification.\r\n<h2>Using Both Together<\/h2>\r\nIt is natural to use both patterns together.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964 \u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303. ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am from Nepal. I am Nepali.\r\n<h2>Key Distinction<\/h2>\r\n\u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) shows origin or source.\r\n\r\nNo \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) is used for nationality or identity labels.\r\n\r\nCompare:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am from Nepal.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am Nepali.\r\n<h2>Common Mistake<\/h2>\r\nDo not use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) when stating nationality.\r\n\r\nIncorrect:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\n\r\nCorrect:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am from Nepal.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em>\r\nI am Nepali.\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h2>Check Your Understanding<\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"601\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\r\nAt the end of this section, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>use identity sentences to identify people<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u0939\u0941\u0901, \u0939\u094b, \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d, and \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b in present-tense identity sentences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d, and \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 in negative identity sentences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ask \u201cwho?\u201d questions with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ask yes\/no identity questions with \u0915\u0947 (<em>ke<\/em>) or rising intonation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ask where someone is from using \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) to express origin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>distinguish between origin and nationality<\/li>\r\n \t<li>say sentences such as \u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901 (<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303<\/em>) and \u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901 (<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Revision: Identity Sentences for Identifying People<\/h2>\n<p>In the previous chapter, you learned that identity sentences are used for labeling or identifying.<\/p>\n<p>Identity sentences follow the idea:<\/p>\n<p>X = Y<\/p>\n<p>They tell us who someone is or what something is.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma widy\u0101rth\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am a student.<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho.<\/em><br \/>\nThis is Ram.<\/p>\n<p>Use identity sentences for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>names<\/li>\n<li>roles<\/li>\n<li>jobs<\/li>\n<li>relationships<\/li>\n<li>categories<\/li>\n<li>nationality or identity labels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do not use identity forms for location, existence, or temporary conditions.<\/p>\n<p>For location, existence, and temporary states, Nepali uses \u091b \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d (<em>cha \/ chan<\/em>) patterns. These are introduced in other sections.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>Correct identity sentence:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>Correct location sentence:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101\u1e6dhm\u0101\u1e0dau\u0303m\u0101 hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is in Kathmandu.<\/p>\n<p>Correct condition sentence:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092d\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0915\u094b \u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b bhok l\u0101geko cha.<\/em><br \/>\nI am hungry.<\/p>\n<h2>Identity Forms in Nepali<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, identity sentences use present-tense forms of \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941 (<em>hunu<\/em>), including:<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u0941\u0901<br \/>\n<em>hu\u0303<\/em><br \/>\nam<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u094b<br \/>\n<em>ho<\/em><br \/>\nis<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d<br \/>\n<em>hun<\/em><br \/>\nare<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>hunuhuncha<\/em><br \/>\nis\/are, respectful<\/p>\n<p>The form changes depending on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the subject<\/li>\n<li>number<\/li>\n<li>level of respect<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Negative Identity Forms<\/h2>\n<p>Negative identity sentences also change depending on the subject and level of respect.<\/p>\n<p>Plain subjects use:<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928<br \/>\n<em>hoina<\/em><br \/>\nis not \/ am not<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d<br \/>\n<em>hoinan<\/em><br \/>\nare not<\/p>\n<p>Honorific subjects use:<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928<br \/>\n<em>hunuhunna<\/em><br \/>\nis not \/ are not, respectful<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma \u015bik\u1e63ak hoina.<\/em><br \/>\nI am not a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0964<br \/>\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b widy\u0101rth\u012b hoinan.<\/em><br \/>\nThey are not students.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u1e0d\u0101k\u1e6dar hunuhunna.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is not a doctor.<\/p>\n<p>The tables below show common identity forms for people in the present tense.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-138-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-138\">Table 5.4.1 \u2013 Non-honorific present \u201cho\u201d forms<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-138-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-138\">These forms are used in casual, non-honorific contexts. In this book, you will mostly use polite forms with \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 (tap\u0101\u012b\u0303). This table is included mainly for recognition.<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-138\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-138\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-138-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-138-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Subject<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Affirmative<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Negative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e (<em>ma<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u0941\u0901 (<em>h\u0169<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928 (<em>hoina<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u093e\u092e\u0940 (<em>h\u0101m\u012b<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u094c\u0902 (<em>ha\u0169<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u094c\u0902 (<em>hoina\u0169<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u090a (<em>\u016b<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928 (<em>hoina<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0928\u0940 \/ \u092f\u093f\u0928\u0940 \/ \u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940 (<em>un\u012b \/ yin\u012b \/ tin\u012b<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d (<em>hoinan<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 (<em>un\u012bhar\u016b<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d (<em>hoinan<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-138 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-139-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-139\">Table 5.4.2 \u2013 Honorific\/polite present \u201cho\u201d forms<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-139-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-139\">Use these forms for polite\/respectful subjects such as \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 (tap\u0101\u012b\u0303) and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (uh\u0101\u0303).<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-139\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-139\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-139-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-139-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Subject<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Affirmative<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Negative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 (<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 (<em>hunuhunna<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 (<em>hunuhunna<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 (<em>hunuhunna<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-139 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-140-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-140\">Table 5.4.3 \u2013 Identity sentences (affirmative)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-140\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-140\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-140-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>y\u012b widy\u0101rth\u012b hun.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">These are students.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma widy\u0101rth\u012b h\u0169.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I am a student.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>jon \u015bik\u1e63ak ho.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">John is a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 pr\u0101dhy\u0101pak hunuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">You (polite) are a professor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u1e0d\u0101k\u1e6dar hunuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">He\/She (hon.) is a doctor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-140 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-141-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-141\">Table 5.4.4 \u2013 Identity sentences (Negative)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-141\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-141\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-141-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>un\u012bhar\u016b widy\u0101rth\u012b hoinan.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">They are not students.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 pr\u0101dhy\u0101pak hunuhunna.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">He\/She (hon.) is not a professor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 widy\u0101rth\u012b hunuhunna.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">You (polite) are not a student.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-141 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Simple Rule<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u0939\u094b \/ \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928 (<em>ho \/ hoina<\/em>) with singular plain identity sentences.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d \/ \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d (<em>hun \/ hoinan<\/em>) with plural plain identity sentences.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 (<em>hunuhuncha \/ hunuhunna<\/em>) with respectful identity sentences.<\/p>\n<h2>Try It Now<\/h2>\n<p>Read the sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma widy\u0101rth\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am a student.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma \u015bik\u1e63ak hoina.<\/em><br \/>\nI am not a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u1e0d\u0101k\u1e6dar hunuhunna.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is not a doctor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0964<br \/>\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b widy\u0101rth\u012b hun.<\/em><br \/>\nThey are students.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0964<br \/>\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b \u015bik\u1e63ak hoinan.<\/em><br \/>\nThey are not teachers.<\/p>\n<h2>Common Mistake<\/h2>\n<p>Do not use \u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>) for every English \u201cis.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Use identity forms only when you are identifying someone or something.<\/p>\n<p>Identity:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>Not identity:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101\u1e6dhm\u0101\u1e0dau\u0303m\u0101 hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is in Kathmandu.<\/p>\n<p>Temporary condition:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b \u1e6dh\u012bk cha.<\/em><br \/>\nI am fine.<\/p>\n<h2>Questions with the Identity Verb<\/h2>\n<p>To ask \u201cwho\u201d questions about people, use \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>), meaning \u201cwho?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In identity questions, \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) usually appears before the identity verb.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?<br \/>\n<em>tin\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em><br \/>\nWho are they?<\/p>\n<p>The verb must match the subject\u2019s number and level of respect.<\/p>\n<p>Plain singular subjects use \u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Plain plural subjects use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Respectful subjects use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-142-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-142\">Table 5.4.5 \u2013 Identity questions (yes\/no)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-142\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-142\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-142-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ke y\u012b widy\u0101rth\u012b hun?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Are these students?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ke tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 pr\u0101dhy\u0101pak hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Are you (polite) a professor?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ke uh\u0101\u0303 \u1e0d\u0101k\u1e6dar hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Is he\/she (hon.) a doctor?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-142 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Yes\/No Identity Questions<\/h2>\n<p>You can also ask yes\/no identity questions.<\/p>\n<p>There are two common ways:<\/p>\n<p>Use rising intonation at the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p>Add \u0915\u0947 (<em>ke<\/em>) at the beginning of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nIs he\/she a teacher?<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>ke uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nIs he\/she a teacher?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho?<\/em><br \/>\nIs this Ram?<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>ke yo r\u0101m ho?<\/em><br \/>\nIs this Ram?<\/p>\n<h2>Try It Now<\/h2>\n<p>Change each statement into a question.<\/p>\n<p>Statement:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>Question:<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>ke uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nIs he\/she a teacher?<\/p>\n<p>Statement:<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho.<\/em><br \/>\nThis is Ram.<\/p>\n<p>Question:<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>ke yo r\u0101m ho?<\/em><br \/>\nIs this Ram?<\/p>\n<h2>Interrogative Pronoun: \u0915\u094b<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) means \u201cwho?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Use \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) to ask about a person\u2019s identity.<\/p>\n<p>The verb form changes depending on the subject.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?<br \/>\n<em>tin\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em><br \/>\nWho are they?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-144-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-144\">Table 5.4.6 \u2013 Who-questions with \u0915\u094b (ko)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-144\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-144\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-144-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who is he\/she?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0901?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma ko h\u0169?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who am I?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who are you (polite)? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who is he\/she (hon.)? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-144 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-145-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-145\">Table 5.4.7 \u2013 Short answers (identity)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-145\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-145\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-145-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u094d\u092f\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tyo jon ho.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">That is John.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>t\u012b widy\u0101rth\u012b hun.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Those are students.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 jon hunuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">He\/She (hon.) is John.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">He\/She (hon.) is a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-145 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Learner Tip<\/h2>\n<p>Do not confuse \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) \u201cwho?\u201d with \u2013\u0915\u094b (<em>\u2013ko<\/em>) \u201cof\u201d or possessive \u201c\u2019s.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u094b<br \/>\n<em>ko<\/em><br \/>\nwho?<\/p>\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b<br \/>\n<em>r\u0101mko<\/em><br \/>\nRam\u2019s \/ of Ram<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yo r\u0101mko kit\u0101b ho.<\/em><br \/>\nThis is Ram\u2019s book.<\/p>\n<h2>Expressing Origin<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) means \u201cfrom where?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It is used to ask where a person or thing is from.<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901<br \/>\n<em>kah\u0101\u0303<\/em><br \/>\nwhere<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u093e\u091f<br \/>\n<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em><br \/>\nfrom<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f<br \/>\n<em>kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em><br \/>\nfrom where<\/p>\n<p>Nepali uses postpositions. This means the marker comes after the noun.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f<br \/>\n<em>nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da<\/em><br \/>\nfrom Nepal<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f<br \/>\n<em>ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em><br \/>\nfrom Canada<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f<br \/>\n<em>amerik\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em><br \/>\nfrom America<\/p>\n<p>Do not say \u092c\u093e\u091f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da nep\u0101l<\/em>). In Nepali, \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) comes after the place name.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-146-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-146\">Table 5.4.8 \u2013 Origin questions (\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u2026?)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-146\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-146\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-146-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Where are you from?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Where is he\/she (hon.) from? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-146 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Try It Now<\/h2>\n<p>Read the questions and answers aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhere are you from?<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am from Nepal.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhere is he\/she from?<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is from Canada.<\/p>\n<h2>Origin vs. Nationality<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, \u201cwhere someone is from\u201d and \u201cwhat someone is\u201d use two different patterns.<\/p>\n<p>Origin uses \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>), meaning \u201cfrom.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Nationality or identity does not use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>A. Place of Origin<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) to say where someone is from.<\/p>\n<p>Structure:<\/p>\n<p>Place + \u092c\u093e\u091f + identity verb<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am from Nepal.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is from Canada.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhere are you from?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-147-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-147\">Table 5.4.9 \u2013 Origin statements with \u2013\u092c\u093e\u091f (\u2013b\u0101\u1e6da)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-147\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-147\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-147-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da h\u0169.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I am from Nepal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101b\u0101\u1e6da hunuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">You are from Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-147 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Meaning focus:<\/p>\n<p>This pattern describes origin or source.<\/p>\n<h2>B. Nationality or Identity Label<\/h2>\n<p>Use an identity word such as \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 (<em>nep\u0101l\u012b<\/em>)\u00a0when describing nationality or identity.<\/p>\n<p>Do not use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) in this pattern.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am Nepali.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-148-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-148\">Table 5.4.10 \u2013 Nationality statements (no \u2013\u092c\u093e\u091f)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-148\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-148\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-148-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma \u015bik\u1e63ak hu\u0303.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I am a teacher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 ky\u0101ne\u1e0diyan hunuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">You are Canadian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-148 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Meaning focus:<\/p>\n<p>This pattern expresses identity or classification.<\/p>\n<h2>Using Both Together<\/h2>\n<p>It is natural to use both patterns together.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964 \u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303. ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am from Nepal. I am Nepali.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Distinction<\/h2>\n<p>\u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) shows origin or source.<\/p>\n<p>No \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) is used for nationality or identity labels.<\/p>\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am from Nepal.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am Nepali.<\/p>\n<h2>Common Mistake<\/h2>\n<p>Do not use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) when stating nationality.<\/p>\n<p>Incorrect:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Correct:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am from Nepal.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nI am Nepali.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h2>Check Your Understanding<\/h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-601\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-601\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"601\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Chapter 5 Unit 4 Quick Quiz: Asking and Answering Questions\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\n<p>At the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>use identity sentences to identify people<\/li>\n<li>use \u0939\u0941\u0901, \u0939\u094b, \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d, and \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b in present-tense identity sentences<\/li>\n<li>use \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0928\u094d, and \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928 in negative identity sentences<\/li>\n<li>ask \u201cwho?\u201d questions with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>ask yes\/no identity questions with \u0915\u0947 (<em>ke<\/em>) or rising intonation<\/li>\n<li>ask where someone is from using \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>kah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>use \u092c\u093e\u091f (<em>b\u0101\u1e6da<\/em>) to express origin<\/li>\n<li>distinguish between origin and nationality<\/li>\n<li>say sentences such as \u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0901 (<em>ma nep\u0101lb\u0101\u1e6da hu\u0303<\/em>) and \u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0901 (<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b hu\u0303<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-135","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":126,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2326,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/135\/revisions\/2326"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/126"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/135\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}