{"id":249,"date":"2025-12-08T16:20:24","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T21:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-11-unit-4-grammar-focus\/"},"modified":"2026-05-24T03:20:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T07:20:04","slug":"chapter-11-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-11-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Asking \u201cWho?\u201d, Compound Nouns, and Polite Present Verbs<\/h2>\r\nIn this section, you will learn three useful grammar patterns for talking about people:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>asking \u201cwho?\u201d questions with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>using compound nouns for family and relationship groups<\/li>\r\n \t<li>using polite present-tense verbs to talk about what someone does<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese patterns are common in introductions, family conversations, classroom interactions, and polite everyday speech.\r\n<h2>Interrogative Pronoun: \u0915\u094b<\/h2>\r\n\u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) means \u201cwho?\u201d in Nepali. It is used to ask about a person\u2019s identity, such as a name, role, profession, or relationship.\r\n\r\nThese questions are usually identity questions. A simple way to think about them is:\r\n\r\nX = who?\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>yo ko ho?<\/em>\r\nWho is this?\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?\r\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em>\r\nWho are they?\r\n\r\nThe word \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) does not change. Instead, the verb changes according to number and respect level.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>) \u2014 plain singular<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>) \u2014 plain plural<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>) \u2014 respectful \/ honorific<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[table id=321 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) to ask \u201cwho?\u201d\r\n\r\nChange the identity verb to match the subject.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>yo ko ho?<\/em>\r\nWho is this?\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho are they? respectful\r\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\nDo not confuse \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) \u201cwho?\u201d with \u2013\u0915\u094b (<em>\u2013ko<\/em>) used for possession.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u094b\r\n<em>ko<\/em>\r\nwho?\r\n\r\n\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b\r\n<em>r\u0101mko<\/em>\r\nRam\u2019s \/ of Ram\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>yo r\u0101mko kit\u0101b ho.<\/em>\r\nThis is Ram\u2019s book.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nAsk and answer.\r\n\r\nA: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWho is he\/she?\r\n\r\nB: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\nA: \u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>yo ko ho?<\/em>\r\nWho is this?\r\n\r\nB: \u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho.<\/em>\r\nThis is Ram.\r\n<h2>Compound Nouns in Nepali<\/h2>\r\nA compound noun is formed when two nouns join together and behave like one noun with one combined meaning.\r\n\r\nNepali uses compound nouns very often in everyday speech. They are especially common for family pairs, relationship groups, and social sets.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\r\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>\r\nparents\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907\r\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em>\r\nbrothers\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0940\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940\r\n<em>did\u012bbahin\u012b<\/em>\r\nsisters\r\n\r\nThese words sound natural because they express a pair or group as one unit.\r\n\r\nA simple learner rule is:\r\n\r\nThe first noun introduces the pair, and the second noun completes it.\r\n\r\n[table id=316 \/]\r\n<h3>Compound Nouns as One Unit<\/h3>\r\nA compound noun works like one noun. This means grammar endings are usually added to the whole compound, not to each part separately.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\r\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>\r\nparents\r\n\r\n\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908\r\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101l\u0101\u012b<\/em>\r\nto the parents\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907\r\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em>\r\nbrothers\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0901\u0917\r\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101isa\u1e45ga<\/em>\r\nwith brothers\r\n\r\n[table id=317 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nTreat a compound noun as one word or one meaning unit.\r\n\r\nAdd grammar endings to the whole compound.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the compound nouns aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\r\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>\r\nparents\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907\r\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em>\r\nbrothers\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0940\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940\r\n<em>did\u012bbahin\u012b<\/em>\r\nsisters\r\n\r\n\u091b\u094b\u0930\u093e\u091b\u094b\u0930\u0940\r\n<em>chor\u0101chor\u012b<\/em>\r\nchildren \/ sons and daughters\r\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\nDo not translate compound nouns word by word every time. Learn them as natural Nepali relationship terms.\r\n\r\nFor example, \u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e (<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>) literally combines \u201cmother\u201d and \u201cfather,\u201d but it is best understood as \u201cparents.\u201d\r\n<h2>Polite Simple Present Verbs<\/h2>\r\nTo talk about what someone does now or usually does, Nepali often uses present-tense verb forms.\r\n\r\nThese verbs are useful for talking about:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>work<\/li>\r\n \t<li>study<\/li>\r\n \t<li>teaching<\/li>\r\n \t<li>living somewhere<\/li>\r\n \t<li>daily activities<\/li>\r\n \t<li>regular actions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhen speaking respectfully about someone, Nepali uses polite or honorific present verb forms.\r\n\r\nThese forms are used with respectful pronouns such as:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em>\r\nhe\/she, respectful\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b<\/em>\r\nthey, respectful\r\n\r\nIn this chapter, \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em>) and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b<\/em>) use the same polite verb form for simplicity.\r\n<h3>Key Idea<\/h3>\r\nHonorific present verbs often end in \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>\u2013nuhuncha<\/em>).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha<\/em>\r\nstudies \/ reads \/ teaches, respectful depending on context\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>k\u0101m garnuhuncha<\/em>\r\nworks, respectful\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>basnuhuncha<\/em>\r\nlives \/ sits, respectful depending on context\r\n\r\n[table id=318 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=319 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=320 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>\u2013nuhuncha<\/em>) when speaking respectfully about what someone does.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She studies. \/ He\/She reads.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101m garnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She works.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092e\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101lm\u0101 basnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She lives in Nepal.\r\n<h3>Asking Questions with Polite Present Verbs<\/h3>\r\nYou can ask polite questions using the same verb forms.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke garnuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhat does he\/she do?\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhere does he\/she live?\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhat does he\/she study\/read?\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nPractise the questions and answers.\r\n\r\nA: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke garnuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhat does he\/she do?\r\n\r\nB: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She is a teacher.\r\n\r\nA: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhere does he\/she live?\r\n\r\nB: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092e\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101m\u0101 basnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She lives in Canada.\r\n\r\nA: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nWhat does he\/she study\/read?\r\n\r\nB: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101l\u012b pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She studies Nepali.\r\n<h3>Common Mistake<\/h3>\r\nDo not use a plain verb form when the subject is respectful.\r\n\r\nLess appropriate for this level:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 pa\u1e0dhcha.<\/em>\r\n\r\nBetter:\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She reads or studies.\r\n\r\nUse the respectful verb form with \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em>) and \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 (<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303<\/em>).\r\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\r\nAt the end of this section, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>ask \u201cwho?\u201d questions with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use identity verbs such as \u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>), \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>), and \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>) with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>understand the difference between \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) \u201cwho?\u201d and \u2013\u0915\u094b (<em>\u2013ko<\/em>) \u201cof \/ \u2019s\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>recognize common compound nouns such as \u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e (<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>) and \u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907 (<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>treat compound nouns as one meaning unit<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use polite present-tense verbs ending in \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>\u2013nuhuncha<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ask polite questions such as \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b? (<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke garnuhuncha?<\/em>) and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b? (<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Asking \u201cWho?\u201d, Compound Nouns, and Polite Present Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>In this section, you will learn three useful grammar patterns for talking about people:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>asking \u201cwho?\u201d questions with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>using compound nouns for family and relationship groups<\/li>\n<li>using polite present-tense verbs to talk about what someone does<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These patterns are common in introductions, family conversations, classroom interactions, and polite everyday speech.<\/p>\n<h2>Interrogative Pronoun: \u0915\u094b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) means \u201cwho?\u201d in Nepali. It is used to ask about a person\u2019s identity, such as a name, role, profession, or relationship.<\/p>\n<p>These questions are usually identity questions. A simple way to think about them is:<\/p>\n<p>X = who?<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>yo ko ho?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is this?<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?<br \/>\n<em>un\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em><br \/>\nWho are they?<\/p>\n<p>The word \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) does not change. Instead, the verb changes according to number and respect level.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>) \u2014 plain singular<\/li>\n<li>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>) \u2014 plain plural<\/li>\n<li>\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>) \u2014 respectful \/ honorific<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-321-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-321\">Table 11.4.1 \u2013 Interrogative pronoun \u0915\u094b (ko): \u201cwho?\u201d identity questions<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-321\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-321\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-321-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>yo ko ho?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who is this?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u094d\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tyo ko ho?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who is that?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>un\u012bhar\u016b ko hun?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who are they?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who are you (polite)? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Who is he\/she (respectful)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-321 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) to ask \u201cwho?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Change the identity verb to match the subject.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>yo ko ho?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is this?<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho are they? respectful<\/p>\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\n<p>Do not confuse \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) \u201cwho?\u201d with \u2013\u0915\u094b (<em>\u2013ko<\/em>) used for possession.<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u094b<br \/>\n<em>ko<\/em><br \/>\nwho?<\/p>\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b<br \/>\n<em>r\u0101mko<\/em><br \/>\nRam\u2019s \/ of Ram<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yo r\u0101mko kit\u0101b ho.<\/em><br \/>\nThis is Ram\u2019s book.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Ask and answer.<\/p>\n<p>A: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ko hunuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is he\/she?<\/p>\n<p>B: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>A: \u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>yo ko ho?<\/em><br \/>\nWho is this?<\/p>\n<p>B: \u092f\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yo r\u0101m ho.<\/em><br \/>\nThis is Ram.<\/p>\n<h2>Compound Nouns in Nepali<\/h2>\n<p>A compound noun is formed when two nouns join together and behave like one noun with one combined meaning.<\/p>\n<p>Nepali uses compound nouns very often in everyday speech. They are especially common for family pairs, relationship groups, and social sets.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e<br \/>\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em><br \/>\nparents<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907<br \/>\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em><br \/>\nbrothers<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0940\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940<br \/>\n<em>did\u012bbahin\u012b<\/em><br \/>\nsisters<\/p>\n<p>These words sound natural because they express a pair or group as one unit.<\/p>\n<p>A simple learner rule is:<\/p>\n<p>The first noun introduces the pair, and the second noun completes it.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-316-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-316\">Table 11.4.2 \u2013 Common family\/relationship compound nouns (N + N \u2192 one noun)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-316\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-316\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-316-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-316-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Parts<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Compound noun<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u092e\u093e + \u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">parents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0940 + \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0940\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>did\u012bbahin\u012b<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">sisters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941 + \u092d\u093e\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">brothers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e + \u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>k\u0101k\u0101k\u0101k\u012b<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">uncle and aunt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-316-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-316\"><\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-316 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Compound Nouns as One Unit<\/h3>\n<p>A compound noun works like one noun. This means grammar endings are usually added to the whole compound, not to each part separately.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e<br \/>\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em><br \/>\nparents<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908<br \/>\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101l\u0101\u012b<\/em><br \/>\nto the parents<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907<br \/>\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em><br \/>\nbrothers<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0901\u0917<br \/>\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101isa\u1e45ga<\/em><br \/>\nwith brothers<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-317-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-317\">Table 11.4.3 \u2013 Compound nouns with case endings<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-317\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-317\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-317-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-317-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Form<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0915\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101ko<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">parents\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0938\u0901\u0917<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101sa\u1e45ga<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">with (my) parents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101l\u0101\u012b<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">to\/for the parents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-317-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-317\"><\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-317 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Treat a compound noun as one word or one meaning unit.<\/p>\n<p>Add grammar endings to the whole compound.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the compound nouns aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e<br \/>\n<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em><br \/>\nparents<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907<br \/>\n<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em><br \/>\nbrothers<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0940\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940<br \/>\n<em>did\u012bbahin\u012b<\/em><br \/>\nsisters<\/p>\n<p>\u091b\u094b\u0930\u093e\u091b\u094b\u0930\u0940<br \/>\n<em>chor\u0101chor\u012b<\/em><br \/>\nchildren \/ sons and daughters<\/p>\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\n<p>Do not translate compound nouns word by word every time. Learn them as natural Nepali relationship terms.<\/p>\n<p>For example, \u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e (<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>) literally combines \u201cmother\u201d and \u201cfather,\u201d but it is best understood as \u201cparents.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Polite Simple Present Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>To talk about what someone does now or usually does, Nepali often uses present-tense verb forms.<\/p>\n<p>These verbs are useful for talking about:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>work<\/li>\n<li>study<\/li>\n<li>teaching<\/li>\n<li>living somewhere<\/li>\n<li>daily activities<\/li>\n<li>regular actions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When speaking respectfully about someone, Nepali uses polite or honorific present verb forms.<\/p>\n<p>These forms are used with respectful pronouns such as:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em><br \/>\nhe\/she, respectful<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b<\/em><br \/>\nthey, respectful<\/p>\n<p>In this chapter, \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em>) and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b<\/em>) use the same polite verb form for simplicity.<\/p>\n<h3>Key Idea<\/h3>\n<p>Honorific present verbs often end in \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>\u2013nuhuncha<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha<\/em><br \/>\nstudies \/ reads \/ teaches, respectful depending on context<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>k\u0101m garnuhuncha<\/em><br \/>\nworks, respectful<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>basnuhuncha<\/em><br \/>\nlives \/ sits, respectful depending on context<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-318-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-318\">Table 11.4.4 \u2013 Common polite simple present verbs (\u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b forms)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-318\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-318\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-318-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-318-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Verb<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>garnuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">do \/ work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">study \/ read<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0922\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>pa\u1e0dh\u0101unuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">teach<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>basnuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">live \/ stay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-318-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-318\"><\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-318 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-319-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-319\">Table 11.4.5 \u2013 Asking polite questions about work\/study\/teaching\/living<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-319\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-319\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-319-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-319-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">What you want to ask<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Polite Question (Nepali)<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">English Translation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">work\/job<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke k\u0101m garnuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">What does he\/she do for work?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">study<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">What does he\/she study?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">teach (subject)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0941\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u0922\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 kun wi\u1e63aya pa\u1e0dh\u0101unuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">What subject does he\/she teach?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">live now<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ahile kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Where does he\/she live now?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-319-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-319\"><\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-319 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-320-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-320\">Table 11.4.6 \u2013 Giving polite answers about work\/study\/teaching\/living<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-320\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-320\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-320-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-320-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">What you want to say<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Polite Answer (Nepali)<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">English Translation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">work<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101ry\u0101laym\u0101 k\u0101m garnuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">He\/She works in an office.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">study<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 wij\u00f1\u0101n pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">He\/She studies science.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">teach<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ga\u1e47it pa\u1e0dh\u0101unuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">He\/She teaches math.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">live<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092e\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101m\u0101 basnuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">He\/She lives in Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-320-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-320\"><\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-320 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>\u2013nuhuncha<\/em>) when speaking respectfully about what someone does.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She studies. \/ He\/She reads.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 k\u0101m garnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She works.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092e\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101lm\u0101 basnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She lives in Nepal.<\/p>\n<h3>Asking Questions with Polite Present Verbs<\/h3>\n<p>You can ask polite questions using the same verb forms.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke garnuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat does he\/she do?<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhere does he\/she live?<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat does he\/she study\/read?<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Practise the questions and answers.<\/p>\n<p>A: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke garnuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat does he\/she do?<\/p>\n<p>B: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u015bik\u1e63ak hunuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She is a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>A: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhere does he\/she live?<\/p>\n<p>B: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u092e\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101m\u0101 basnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She lives in Canada.<\/p>\n<p>A: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat does he\/she study\/read?<\/p>\n<p>B: \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101l\u012b pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She studies Nepali.<\/p>\n<h3>Common Mistake<\/h3>\n<p>Do not use a plain verb form when the subject is respectful.<\/p>\n<p>Less appropriate for this level:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 pa\u1e0dhcha.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Better:<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 pa\u1e0dhnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She reads or studies.<\/p>\n<p>Use the respectful verb form with \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<em>uh\u0101\u0303<\/em>) and \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 (<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\n<p>At the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ask \u201cwho?\u201d questions with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>use identity verbs such as \u0939\u094b (<em>ho<\/em>), \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<em>hun<\/em>), and \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>hunuhuncha<\/em>) with \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>understand the difference between \u0915\u094b (<em>ko<\/em>) \u201cwho?\u201d and \u2013\u0915\u094b (<em>\u2013ko<\/em>) \u201cof \/ \u2019s\u201d<\/li>\n<li>recognize common compound nouns such as \u0906\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0941\u092c\u093e (<em>\u0101m\u0101bub\u0101<\/em>) and \u0926\u093e\u091c\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0907 (<em>d\u0101jubh\u0101i<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>treat compound nouns as one meaning unit<\/li>\n<li>use polite present-tense verbs ending in \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>\u2013nuhuncha<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>ask polite questions such as \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b? (<em>uh\u0101\u0303 ke garnuhuncha?<\/em>) and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b? (<em>uh\u0101\u0303 kah\u0101\u0303 basnuhuncha?<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-249","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":240,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2538,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249\/revisions\/2538"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/240"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=249"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=249"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}