{"id":268,"date":"2025-12-08T23:19:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T04:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-12-unit-4-grammar-focus\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T22:17:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T02:17:36","slug":"chapter-12-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-12-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Telling Time, Schedules, Routines, Needs, and Wants<\/h2>\r\nIn this section, you will learn how to talk about time, days of the week, schedules, daily routines, needs, and wants in Nepali.\r\n\r\nThese patterns are useful for everyday conversations such as:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>asking what time it is<\/li>\r\n \t<li>saying when a class or meeting starts<\/li>\r\n \t<li>talking about weekly schedules<\/li>\r\n \t<li>describing daily routines<\/li>\r\n \t<li>saying what you need<\/li>\r\n \t<li>saying what you want to do<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Telling Time<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, clock time is commonly expressed with the verb \u092c\u091c\u094d\u0928\u0941 (<em>bajnu<\/em>), which means \u201cto ring\u201d or \u201cto strike,\u201d as in a bell or clock striking the hour.\r\n\r\nTwo very common forms are:\r\n\r\n\u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\r\n<em>bajyo<\/em>\r\nIt is \u2026 o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>baje<\/em>\r\nat \u2026 o\u2019clock\r\n\r\nThe number comes before \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) or \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>).\r\n<h3>\u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b for \u201cIt Is \u2026 O\u2019clock\u201d<\/h3>\r\nUse \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) when you are saying what time it is now.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>ek bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is one o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>t\u012bn bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is three o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>\u0101\u1e6dh bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is eight o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n[table id=437 \/]\r\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\n\u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) is grammatically a past\/perfective form meaning \u201cstruck,\u201d but in time-telling it functions like English present time: \u201cIt is now \u2026 o\u2019clock.\u201d\r\n\r\nDo not translate it too literally.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the times aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0926\u0941\u0908 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>du\u012b bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is two o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>c\u0101r bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is four o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>s\u0101t bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is seven o\u2019clock.\r\n<h2>\u092c\u091c\u0947 for \u201cAt \u2026 O\u2019clock\u201d<\/h2>\r\nUse \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) when you mean \u201cat \u2026 o\u2019clock.\u201d\r\n\r\nThis form is used for schedules, appointments, classes, meetings, buses, and events.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>t\u012bn baje<\/em>\r\nat three o\u2019clock\r\n\r\n\u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>nau baje<\/em>\r\nat nine o\u2019clock\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>kak\u1e63\u0101 nau baje suru huncha.<\/em>\r\nThe class starts at nine o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n[table id=438 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) to say the current time.\r\n\r\nUse \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) to say when something happens.\r\n\r\nCompare:\r\n\r\n\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>t\u012bn bajyo.<\/em>\r\nIt is three o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>t\u012bn baje kak\u1e63\u0101 suru huncha.<\/em>\r\nThe class starts at three o\u2019clock.\r\n<h2>Quarter Past, Half Past, and Quarter To<\/h2>\r\nNepali has common fixed expressions for 15-minute and 30-minute times.\r\n\r\nThese are very natural in everyday speech.\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0935\u093e\r\n<em>saw\u0101<\/em>\r\nquarter past\r\n\r\n\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947\r\n<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe<\/em>\r\nhalf past\r\n\r\n\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947\r\n<em>paune<\/em>\r\nquarter to\r\n\r\nThese expressions are usually followed by \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) when giving a scheduled time.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>saw\u0101 t\u012bn baje<\/em>\r\nat 3:15\r\n\r\n\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe p\u0101\u0303c baje<\/em>\r\nat 5:30\r\n\r\n\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>paune \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em>\r\nat 7:45 \/ quarter to eight\r\n\r\n[table id=323 \/]\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the times aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0908 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>saw\u0101 du\u012b baje<\/em>\r\nat 2:15\r\n\r\n\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe c\u0101r baje<\/em>\r\nat 4:30\r\n\r\n\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>paune s\u0101t baje<\/em>\r\nat 6:45\r\n<h2>Making a.m. and p.m. Clear<\/h2>\r\nNepali often makes a.m. and p.m. clear by adding a time-of-day word before the clock time.\r\n\r\nFor example, \u096e \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>\u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em>) only means \u201cat eight o\u2019clock.\u201d It does not automatically tell us whether it is morning or evening.\r\n\r\nTo avoid confusion, speakers add words such as:\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928\r\n<em>bih\u0101na<\/em>\r\nmorning\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b\r\n<em>diu\u0303so<\/em>\r\nafternoon \/ daytime\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e\r\n<em>beluk\u0101<\/em>\r\nevening\r\n\r\n\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f\r\n<em>r\u0101ti<\/em>\r\nnight\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>bih\u0101na \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em>\r\nat 8 a.m.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>beluk\u0101 \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em>\r\nat 8 p.m.\r\n\r\n[table id=324 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=325 \/]\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the time phrases aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>bih\u0101na s\u0101t baje<\/em>\r\nat seven in the morning\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0908 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>diu\u0303so du\u012b baje<\/em>\r\nat two in the afternoon\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u091b \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>beluk\u0101 cha baje<\/em>\r\nat six in the evening\r\n\r\n\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0936 \u092c\u091c\u0947\r\n<em>r\u0101ti da\u015b baje<\/em>\r\nat ten at night\r\n<h2>Days of the Week<\/h2>\r\nNepali has two important words that English often translates as \u201cday.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093f\u0928\r\n<em>din<\/em>\r\nday \/ a period of time\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093e\u0930\r\n<em>b\u0101r<\/em>\r\nweekday\r\n\r\nUse \u0926\u093f\u0928 (<em>din<\/em>) when you are talking about a day as a time period or duration.\r\n\r\nUse \u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>b\u0101r<\/em>) when you are talking about the name of a weekday.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0928\r\n<em>t\u012bn din<\/em>\r\nthree days\r\n\r\n\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>\u0101ja ke b\u0101r ho?<\/em>\r\nWhat day is it today?\r\n\r\n[table id=327 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=328 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=329 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=330 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u0926\u093f\u0928 (<em>din<\/em>) for duration.\r\n\r\nUse \u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>b\u0101r<\/em>) for weekday names.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the questions aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>\u0101ja ke b\u0101r ho?<\/em>\r\nWhat day is it today?\r\n\r\n\u0906\u091c \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>\u0101ja somb\u0101r ho.<\/em>\r\nToday is Monday.\r\n\r\n\u092d\u094b\u0932\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?\r\n<em>bholi ke b\u0101r ho?<\/em>\r\nWhat day is tomorrow?\r\n\r\n\u092d\u094b\u0932\u093f \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>bholi ma\u1e45galb\u0101r ho.<\/em>\r\nTomorrow is Tuesday.\r\n<h3>Cultural Note: Weekends<\/h3>\r\nIn Nepal, Saturday, \u0936\u0928\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>\u015banib\u0101r<\/em>), is commonly the weekly holiday. In many contexts, Sunday, \u0906\u0907\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>aitab\u0101r<\/em>), is a regular workday.\r\n\r\nIn India, weekend practice often includes Sunday and sometimes Saturday, depending on the workplace or institution.\r\n<h2>Present Tense for Schedules: \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/h2>\r\nNepali often uses present-tense forms to talk about scheduled events.\r\n\r\nIn schedule sentences, \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) means \u201coccurs,\u201d \u201cis held,\u201d or \u201ctakes place.\u201d\r\n\r\nEven though \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) is a present-tense form, it often refers to regular or scheduled events, not something happening right now.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>\u0101ja kak\u1e63\u0101 huncha.<\/em>\r\nThere is class today. \/ Class is held today.\r\n\r\n\u0906\u0907\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>aitab\u0101r kak\u1e63\u0101 hudaina.<\/em>\r\nThere is no class on Sunday. \/ Class is not held on Sunday.\r\n<h2>Scheduled Events<\/h2>\r\nUse this pattern to say when an event happens:\r\n\r\nevent + day\/time + \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>event + day\/time + huncha<\/em>\r\n\r\nTo say that an event does not happen, use \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>hudaina<\/em>).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>somb\u0101r bai\u1e6dhak huncha.<\/em>\r\nThere is a meeting on Monday.\r\n\r\n\u0906\u091c \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>\u0101ja par\u012bk\u1e63\u0101 hudaina.<\/em>\r\nThere is no exam today.\r\n\r\n[table id=331 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) for \u201cis held\u201d or \u201ctakes place.\u201d\r\n\r\nUse \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>hudaina<\/em>) for \u201cis not held\u201d or \u201cdoes not take place.\u201d\r\n<h2>Start and End Times<\/h2>\r\nWhen talking about schedules, Nepali commonly uses \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) with verbs such as:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>suru huncha<\/em>\r\nstarts \/ begins\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>sakincha<\/em>\r\nends \/ finishes\r\n\r\nThe basic pattern is:\r\n\r\nevent + time + \u092c\u091c\u0947 + \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>kak\u1e63\u0101 nau baje suru huncha.<\/em>\r\nThe class starts at nine o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0918\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>kak\u1e63\u0101 egh\u0101ra baje sakincha.<\/em>\r\nThe class ends at eleven o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n[table id=332 \/]\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the schedule sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0926\u0936 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>bai\u1e6dhak da\u015b baje suru huncha.<\/em>\r\nThe meeting starts at ten o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u090f\u0918\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>bai\u1e6dhak egh\u0101ra baje sakincha.<\/em>\r\nThe meeting ends at eleven o\u2019clock.\r\n\r\n\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>par\u012bk\u1e63\u0101 s\u0101\u1e0dhe nau baje suru huncha.<\/em>\r\nThe exam starts at 9:30.\r\n<h2>Routine Verbs: Habitual Present<\/h2>\r\nTo talk about routines and repeated actions, Nepali uses present-tense verb forms.\r\n\r\nThese forms often mean \u201cusually\u201d or \u201cregularly,\u201d especially when used with time expressions.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma skul j\u0101nchu.<\/em>\r\nI go to school.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0939\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma harek din pa\u1e0dhchu.<\/em>\r\nI study every day.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 somb\u0101r k\u0101m garnuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She works on Monday.\r\n\r\nThis routine pattern is different from schedule sentences with \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>).\r\n\r\nRoutine verbs describe what someone does.\r\n\r\nSchedule sentences describe when an event occurs.\r\n\r\n[table id=333 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=334 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Difference<\/h3>\r\nRoutine verb:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma somb\u0101r k\u0101m garchu.<\/em>\r\nI work on Monday.\r\n\r\nSchedule predicate:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>somb\u0101r bai\u1e6dhak huncha.<\/em>\r\nThere is a meeting on Monday.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the routine sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0920\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma bih\u0101na u\u1e6dhchu.<\/em>\r\nI wake up in the morning.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma diu\u0303so pa\u1e0dhchu.<\/em>\r\nI study in the afternoon.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma beluk\u0101 kh\u0101n\u0101 kh\u0101nchu.<\/em>\r\nI eat dinner in the evening.\r\n<h2>Need and Want<\/h2>\r\nNepali expresses \u201cneed\u201d and \u201cwant\u201d using three common patterns.\r\n\r\nThe first step is to decide what you mean in English:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>need a thing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>need to do an action<\/li>\r\n \t<li>want to do something<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach meaning uses a different Nepali construction.\r\n<h2>Need a Thing or Resource: \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/h2>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) when you need a thing or resource.\r\n\r\nThis can include water, food, time, money, sleep, rest, help, or a book.\r\n\r\nThe person who needs something is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).\r\n\r\nThe basic pattern is:\r\n\r\nperson + \u0932\u093e\u0908 + noun + \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need water.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kit\u0101b c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need a book.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b \u0101r\u0101m c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She needs rest.\r\n\r\n[table id=335 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=336 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=337 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for things or resources you need.\r\n\r\nThe form \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) stays the same for different people.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need water.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b samaya c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nYou need time.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She needs food.\r\n<h2>Need to Do an Action: \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b<\/h2>\r\nUse \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) when English means \u201cneed to\u201d or \u201chave to.\u201d\r\n\r\nThis pattern expresses necessity or obligation to do an action.\r\n\r\nThe person who needs to do something is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).\r\n\r\nThe action verb appears in the infinitive form ending in \u2013\u0928\u0941 (<em>\u2013nu<\/em>).\r\n\r\nThe basic pattern is:\r\n\r\nperson + \u0932\u093e\u0908 + verb infinitive + \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em>\r\nI need to go. \/ I have to go.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b pa\u1e0dhnu parcha.<\/em>\r\nI need to study. \/ I have to study.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b k\u0101m garnu parcha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She needs to work. \/ He\/She has to work.\r\n\r\n[table id=338 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=339 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=340 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) when you need a thing.\r\n\r\nUse \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) when you need to do an action.\r\n\r\nCompare:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need water.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em>\r\nI need to go.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0918\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ghar j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em>\r\nI need to go home.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b nep\u0101l\u012b pa\u1e0dhnu parcha.<\/em>\r\nI need to study Nepali.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 kh\u0101nu parcha.<\/em>\r\nYou need to eat food.\r\n<h2>Want: \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941<\/h2>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) to express \u201cwant\u201d in the sense of desire or preference.\r\n\r\nUnlike \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) and \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>), \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) is a regular verb. This means it changes according to the subject and level of respect.\r\n\r\nWhen you want to do an action, Nepali usually places the verb in the \u2013\u0928 (<em>\u2013na<\/em>) form before \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma j\u0101na c\u0101hanchu.<\/em>\r\nI want to go.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b pa\u1e0dhna c\u0101hanchu.<\/em>\r\nI want to study Nepali.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u0101una c\u0101hanuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She wants to come.\r\n\r\n[table id=341 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=342 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=343 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) when you want to express desire.\r\n\r\nUse the \u2013\u0928 (<em>\u2013na<\/em>) form before \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) when the desire is to do an action.\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma p\u0101n\u012b piuna c\u0101hanchu.<\/em>\r\nI want to drink water.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma nep\u0101l j\u0101na c\u0101hanchu.<\/em>\r\nI want to go to Nepal.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101l\u012b sikna c\u0101hanuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She wants to learn Nepali.\r\n<h2>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, and \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941: Key Difference<\/h2>\r\nThese three patterns are different.\r\n\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for needing a thing.\r\n\r\nUse \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) for needing to do an action.\r\n\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) for wanting to do something.\r\n\r\nCompare:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need water.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b piunu parcha.<\/em>\r\nI need to drink water.\r\n\r\n\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma p\u0101n\u012b piuna c\u0101hanchu.<\/em>\r\nI want to drink water.\r\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\r\nAt the end of this section, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>tell time using \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) and \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>understand the difference between \u201cIt is \u2026 o\u2019clock\u201d and \u201cat \u2026 o\u2019clock\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u0938\u0935\u093e (<em>saw\u0101<\/em>), \u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 (<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe<\/em>), and \u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 (<em>paune<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>make a.m. and p.m. clear using words such as \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 (<em>bih\u0101na<\/em>), \u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b (<em>diu\u0303so<\/em>), \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e (<em>beluk\u0101<\/em>), and \u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f (<em>r\u0101ti<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>distinguish \u0926\u093f\u0928 (<em>din<\/em>) from \u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>b\u0101r<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>talk about scheduled events with \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) and \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>hudaina<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>say when an event starts or ends using \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>suru huncha<\/em>) and \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>sakincha<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>describe routines with habitual present verbs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for needing a thing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) for needing to do an action<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) for wanting to do something<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Telling Time, Schedules, Routines, Needs, and Wants<\/h2>\n<p>In this section, you will learn how to talk about time, days of the week, schedules, daily routines, needs, and wants in Nepali.<\/p>\n<p>These patterns are useful for everyday conversations such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>asking what time it is<\/li>\n<li>saying when a class or meeting starts<\/li>\n<li>talking about weekly schedules<\/li>\n<li>describing daily routines<\/li>\n<li>saying what you need<\/li>\n<li>saying what you want to do<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Telling Time<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, clock time is commonly expressed with the verb \u092c\u091c\u094d\u0928\u0941 (<em>bajnu<\/em>), which means \u201cto ring\u201d or \u201cto strike,\u201d as in a bell or clock striking the hour.<\/p>\n<p>Two very common forms are:<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b<br \/>\n<em>bajyo<\/em><br \/>\nIt is \u2026 o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>baje<\/em><br \/>\nat \u2026 o\u2019clock<\/p>\n<p>The number comes before \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) or \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>\u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b for \u201cIt Is \u2026 O\u2019clock\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) when you are saying what time it is now.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ek bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is one o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>t\u012bn bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is three o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>\u0101\u1e6dh bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is eight o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-437-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-437\">Table 12.4.1 \u2013 Time with \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (bajyo): \u201cit\u2019s \u2026 o\u2019clock\u201d<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-437\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-437\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-437-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-437-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Time (Nepali)<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0967 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ek bajyo.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">It\u2019s 1 o\u2019clock.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0969 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>t\u012bn bajyo.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">It\u2019s 3 o\u2019clock.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-437-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-437\"><\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-437 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\n<p>\u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) is grammatically a past\/perfective form meaning \u201cstruck,\u201d but in time-telling it functions like English present time: \u201cIt is now \u2026 o\u2019clock.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Do not translate it too literally.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the times aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u0941\u0908 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>du\u012b bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is two o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>c\u0101r bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is four o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>s\u0101t bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is seven o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<h2>\u092c\u091c\u0947 for \u201cAt \u2026 O\u2019clock\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) when you mean \u201cat \u2026 o\u2019clock.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This form is used for schedules, appointments, classes, meetings, buses, and events.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>t\u012bn baje<\/em><br \/>\nat three o\u2019clock<\/p>\n<p>\u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>nau baje<\/em><br \/>\nat nine o\u2019clock<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>kak\u1e63\u0101 nau baje suru huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe class starts at nine o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-438-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-438\">Table 12.4.2 \u2013 Time with \u092c\u091c\u0947 (baje) for \u201cat \u2026 o\u2019clock\u201d<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-438\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-438\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-438-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Time (Nepali)<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0967 \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ek baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">at 1 o\u2019clock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0969 \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>t\u012bn baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">at 3 o\u2019clock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-438 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) to say the current time.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) to say when something happens.<\/p>\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>t\u012bn bajyo.<\/em><br \/>\nIt is three o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>t\u012bn baje kak\u1e63\u0101 suru huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe class starts at three o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<h2>Quarter Past, Half Past, and Quarter To<\/h2>\n<p>Nepali has common fixed expressions for 15-minute and 30-minute times.<\/p>\n<p>These are very natural in everyday speech.<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0935\u093e<br \/>\n<em>saw\u0101<\/em><br \/>\nquarter past<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947<br \/>\n<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe<\/em><br \/>\nhalf past<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947<br \/>\n<em>paune<\/em><br \/>\nquarter to<\/p>\n<p>These expressions are usually followed by \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) when giving a scheduled time.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>saw\u0101 t\u012bn baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 3:15<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe p\u0101\u0303c baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 5:30<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>paune \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 7:45 \/ quarter to eight<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-323-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-323\">Table 12.4.3 \u2013 Quarter past, half past, quarter to<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-323\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-323\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-323-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Time<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">3:15<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0938\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>saw\u0101 t\u012bn baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">at a quarter past 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">5:30<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe p\u0101\u0303c baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">at half past 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">3:45<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>paune c\u0101r baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">at a quarter to 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-323 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the times aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0908 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>saw\u0101 du\u012b baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 2:15<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe c\u0101r baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 4:30<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>paune s\u0101t baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 6:45<\/p>\n<h2>Making a.m. and p.m. Clear<\/h2>\n<p>Nepali often makes a.m. and p.m. clear by adding a time-of-day word before the clock time.<\/p>\n<p>For example, \u096e \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>\u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em>) only means \u201cat eight o\u2019clock.\u201d It does not automatically tell us whether it is morning or evening.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid confusion, speakers add words such as:<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928<br \/>\n<em>bih\u0101na<\/em><br \/>\nmorning<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b<br \/>\n<em>diu\u0303so<\/em><br \/>\nafternoon \/ daytime<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e<br \/>\n<em>beluk\u0101<\/em><br \/>\nevening<\/p>\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f<br \/>\n<em>r\u0101ti<\/em><br \/>\nnight<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>bih\u0101na \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 8 a.m.<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0920 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>beluk\u0101 \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em><br \/>\nat 8 p.m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-324-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-324\">Table 12.4.4 \u2013 Time of Day Words<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-324\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-324\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-324-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Time of day<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">Typical meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">morning<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>bih\u0101na<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">dawn \u2192 late morning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">daytime \/ afternoon<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>dius\u014d<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">late morning \u2192 dusk; also \u201cafternoon\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">evening<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>beluk\u0101<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">after sunset, before night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">night<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>r\u0101ti<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">night-time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-324 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-325-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-325\">Table 12.4.5 \u2013 Clock time with time-of-day words<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-325\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-325\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-325-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u096e \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>bih\u0101na \u0101\u1e6dh baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">at 8 o\u2019clock in the morning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b \u0968 \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>dius\u014d du\u012b baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">at 2 o\u2019clock in the afternoon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u096c \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>beluk\u0101 cha baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">at 6 o\u2019clock in the evening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0967\u0966 \u092c\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>r\u0101ti da\u015b baje<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">at 10 o\u2019clock at night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-325 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the time phrases aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>bih\u0101na s\u0101t baje<\/em><br \/>\nat seven in the morning<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0908 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>diu\u0303so du\u012b baje<\/em><br \/>\nat two in the afternoon<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u091b \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>beluk\u0101 cha baje<\/em><br \/>\nat six in the evening<\/p>\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0936 \u092c\u091c\u0947<br \/>\n<em>r\u0101ti da\u015b baje<\/em><br \/>\nat ten at night<\/p>\n<h2>Days of the Week<\/h2>\n<p>Nepali has two important words that English often translates as \u201cday.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0928<br \/>\n<em>din<\/em><br \/>\nday \/ a period of time<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u093e\u0930<br \/>\n<em>b\u0101r<\/em><br \/>\nweekday<\/p>\n<p>Use \u0926\u093f\u0928 (<em>din<\/em>) when you are talking about a day as a time period or duration.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>b\u0101r<\/em>) when you are talking about the name of a weekday.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0928<br \/>\n<em>t\u012bn din<\/em><br \/>\nthree days<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>\u0101ja ke b\u0101r ho?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat day is it today?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-327-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-327\">Table 12.4.6 \u2013 \u0926\u093f\u0928 (din) vs. \u092c\u093e\u0930 (b\u0101r)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-327\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-327\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-327-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0928<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>t\u012bn din<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">three days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0941\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101ja kun b\u0101r ho?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">What day (of the week) is it today?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u091c \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101ja somb\u0101r ho.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Today is Monday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-327 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-328-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-328\">Table 12.4.7 \u2013 Nepali weekday names: Sunday to Saturday<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-328\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-328\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-328-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-328-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">English<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Sunday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0906\u0907\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>aitab\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Monday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>somb\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Tuesday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>ma\u1e45galb\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Wednesday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092c\u0941\u0927\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>budhab\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Thursday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092c\u093f\u0939\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>bih\u012bb\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Friday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>\u015bukrab\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Saturday<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0936\u0928\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><em>\u015banib\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-328-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-328\">Weekday names typically end in \u2013\u092c\u093e\u0930 (\u2013b\u0101r).<\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-328 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-329-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-329\">Table 12.4.8 \u2013 Relative-day words: past and future<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-329\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-329\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-329-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-329-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>asti<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">the day before yesterday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u093f\u091c\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>hijo<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">yesterday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u091c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101ja<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">today<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092d\u094b\u0932\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>bholi<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">tomorrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>parsi<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">the day after tomorrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-329-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-329\">These words are very common for everyday conversation.<\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-329 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-330-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-330\">Table 12.4.9 \u2013 Referring to past\/future days<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-330\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-330\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-330-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-330-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0917\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \/ \u0917\u090f\u0915\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>gata \u015bukrab\u0101r \/ gaeko \u015bukrab\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">last Friday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u0909\u0901\u0926\u094b \u0936\u0928\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930 \/ \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b \u0936\u0928\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101u\u0303do \u015banib\u0101r \/ arko \u015banib\u0101r<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">next Saturday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-330-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-330\">To refer to a specific day in the past or future, Nepali commonly uses \u0917\u0924 (gata) \u201clast\u201d and \u0906\u0909\u0901\u0926\u094b \/ \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b (\u0101u\u0303do \/ arko) \u201cnext.\u201d In everyday speech, many speakers also use \u0917\u090f\u0915\u094b (gaeko) \u201clast\/past\u201d with weekdays (e.g., \u201cthe Friday that has passed\u201d).<\/span><br \/>\n<!-- #tablepress-330 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u0926\u093f\u0928 (<em>din<\/em>) for duration.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>b\u0101r<\/em>) for weekday names.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the questions aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>\u0101ja ke b\u0101r ho?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat day is it today?<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u091c \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>\u0101ja somb\u0101r ho.<\/em><br \/>\nToday is Monday.<\/p>\n<p>\u092d\u094b\u0932\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b?<br \/>\n<em>bholi ke b\u0101r ho?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat day is tomorrow?<\/p>\n<p>\u092d\u094b\u0932\u093f \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>bholi ma\u1e45galb\u0101r ho.<\/em><br \/>\nTomorrow is Tuesday.<\/p>\n<h3>Cultural Note: Weekends<\/h3>\n<p>In Nepal, Saturday, \u0936\u0928\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>\u015banib\u0101r<\/em>), is commonly the weekly holiday. In many contexts, Sunday, \u0906\u0907\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>aitab\u0101r<\/em>), is a regular workday.<\/p>\n<p>In India, weekend practice often includes Sunday and sometimes Saturday, depending on the workplace or institution.<\/p>\n<h2>Present Tense for Schedules: \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/h2>\n<p>Nepali often uses present-tense forms to talk about scheduled events.<\/p>\n<p>In schedule sentences, \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) means \u201coccurs,\u201d \u201cis held,\u201d or \u201ctakes place.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Even though \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) is a present-tense form, it often refers to regular or scheduled events, not something happening right now.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>\u0101ja kak\u1e63\u0101 huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThere is class today. \/ Class is held today.<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u0907\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>aitab\u0101r kak\u1e63\u0101 hudaina.<\/em><br \/>\nThere is no class on Sunday. \/ Class is not held on Sunday.<\/p>\n<h2>Scheduled Events<\/h2>\n<p>Use this pattern to say when an event happens:<\/p>\n<p>event + day\/time + \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>event + day\/time + huncha<\/em><\/p>\n<p>To say that an event does not happen, use \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>hudaina<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>somb\u0101r bai\u1e6dhak huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThere is a meeting on Monday.<\/p>\n<p>\u0906\u091c \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>\u0101ja par\u012bk\u1e63\u0101 hudaina.<\/em><br \/>\nThere is no exam today.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-331-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-331\">Table 12.4.10 \u2013 Scheduled Events With huncha \/ hudaina<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-331\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-331\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-331-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>bai\u1e6dhak \u015bukrab\u0101r huncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">The meeting is on Friday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b \u0939\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>par\u012bk\u1e63\u0101 arko hapt\u0101 huncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">The exam is next week.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>kak\u1e63\u0101 somb\u0101r huncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Is class on Monday?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u0907\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>kak\u1e63\u0101 \u0101itab\u0101r hudaina.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">There is no class on Sunday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>\u0101ja kak\u1e63\u0101 hudaina.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">There is no class today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-331 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) for \u201cis held\u201d or \u201ctakes place.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Use \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>hudaina<\/em>) for \u201cis not held\u201d or \u201cdoes not take place.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Start and End Times<\/h2>\n<p>When talking about schedules, Nepali commonly uses \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>) with verbs such as:<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>suru huncha<\/em><br \/>\nstarts \/ begins<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>sakincha<\/em><br \/>\nends \/ finishes<\/p>\n<p>The basic pattern is:<\/p>\n<p>event + time + \u092c\u091c\u0947 + \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>kak\u1e63\u0101 nau baje suru huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe class starts at nine o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0918\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>kak\u1e63\u0101 egh\u0101ra baje sakincha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe class ends at eleven o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-332-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-332\">Table 12.4.11 \u2013 Start\/End Times on a Schedule<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-332\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-332\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-332-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0935\u093e \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>kak\u1e63\u0101 saw\u0101 nau baje suru huncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Class starts at 9:15.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0918\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>kak\u1e63\u0101 egh\u0101ra baje sakincha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Class ends at 11:00.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0926\u0936 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>k\u0101ryakram da\u015b baje suru huncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">The program starts at 10:00.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-332 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the schedule sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0926\u0936 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>bai\u1e6dhak da\u015b baje suru huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe meeting starts at ten o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u090f\u0918\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>bai\u1e6dhak egh\u0101ra baje sakincha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe meeting ends at eleven o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 \u0928\u094c \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>par\u012bk\u1e63\u0101 s\u0101\u1e0dhe nau baje suru huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThe exam starts at 9:30.<\/p>\n<h2>Routine Verbs: Habitual Present<\/h2>\n<p>To talk about routines and repeated actions, Nepali uses present-tense verb forms.<\/p>\n<p>These forms often mean \u201cusually\u201d or \u201cregularly,\u201d especially when used with time expressions.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma skul j\u0101nchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI go to school.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0939\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma harek din pa\u1e0dhchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI study every day.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 somb\u0101r k\u0101m garnuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She works on Monday.<\/p>\n<p>This routine pattern is different from schedule sentences with \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Routine verbs describe what someone does.<\/p>\n<p>Schedule sentences describe when an event occurs.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-333-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-333\">Table 12.4.12 \u2013 Present tense verb forms : \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 (j\u0101nu) \u201cgo\u201d and \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941 (garnu) \u201cdo\u201d (by person)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-333\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-333\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-333-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Person<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Pronoun<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">\u201cgo\u201d (\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941)<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-5\">\u201cdo\u201d (\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941)<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-6\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">I<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092e (ma)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nchu<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garchu<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">we<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939\u093e\u092e\u0940 (h\u0101m\u012b)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u094c\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nchau\u0303<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u094c\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garchau\u0303<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">you (formal)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 (tap\u0101\u012b\u0303)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garnuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">you (informal)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0924\u093f\u092e\u0940 (tim\u012b)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nchau<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garchau<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">he\/she (plain)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u090a (\u016b)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101ncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garcha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">he\/she (respectful)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 (uh\u0101\u0303)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garnuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">it\/this<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092f\u094b (yo)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101ncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garcha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">they (plain)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 (tin\u012bhar\u016b)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nchan<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garchan<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">they (respectful)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0939\u0930\u0942 (uh\u0101\u0303har\u016b)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><em>j\u0101nuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\"><em>garnuhuncha<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-333 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-334-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-334\">Table 12.4.13 \u2013 Routine examples in the habitual present<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-334\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-334\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-334-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0915\u093e\u092e\u092e\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma k\u0101mm\u0101 j\u0101nchu.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I go to work.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0941\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma bih\u0101na kaph\u012b piu\u0303chu.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I drink coffee in the morning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma beluk\u0101 pa\u1e0dhchu.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I study in the evening.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma somb\u0101r jim j\u0101nchu.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I go to the gym on Monday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0941\u0927\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>uh\u0101\u0303 budhab\u0101r k\u0101ry\u0101laya j\u0101nuhuncha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">He\/She (respectful) goes to the office on Wednesday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u094c\u0902\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>h\u0101m\u012b \u015bukrab\u0101r bai\u1e6dhak garchau\u0303.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">We have a meeting on Friday.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-334 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Difference<\/h3>\n<p>Routine verb:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma somb\u0101r k\u0101m garchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI work on Monday.<\/p>\n<p>Schedule predicate:<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>somb\u0101r bai\u1e6dhak huncha.<\/em><br \/>\nThere is a meeting on Monday.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the routine sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0920\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma bih\u0101na u\u1e6dhchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI wake up in the morning.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b \u092a\u0922\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma diu\u0303so pa\u1e0dhchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI study in the afternoon.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma beluk\u0101 kh\u0101n\u0101 kh\u0101nchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI eat dinner in the evening.<\/p>\n<h2>Need and Want<\/h2>\n<p>Nepali expresses \u201cneed\u201d and \u201cwant\u201d using three common patterns.<\/p>\n<p>The first step is to decide what you mean in English:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>need a thing<\/li>\n<li>need to do an action<\/li>\n<li>want to do something<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each meaning uses a different Nepali construction.<\/p>\n<h2>Need a Thing or Resource: \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) when you need a thing or resource.<\/p>\n<p>This can include water, food, time, money, sleep, rest, help, or a book.<\/p>\n<p>The person who needs something is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>The basic pattern is:<\/p>\n<p>person + \u0932\u093e\u0908 + noun + \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need water.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kit\u0101b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need a book.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b \u0101r\u0101m c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She needs rest.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-335-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-335\">Table 12.4.14 \u2013 Asking \u201cDo you need \u2026?\u201d: \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 + noun + \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (c\u0101hincha)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-335\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-335\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-335-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Do you need water?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ke c\u0101hincha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">What do you need?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-335 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-336-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-336\">Table 12.4.15 \u2013 Saying \u201cI need \u2026\u201d (affirmative)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-336\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-336\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-336-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I need water.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 c\u0101hincha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I need food.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-336 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-337-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-337\">Table 12.4.16 \u2013 Saying \u201cI don\u2019t need \u2026something\u201d(negative)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-337\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-337\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-337-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b ahile p\u0101n\u012b ch\u0101h\u0129daina.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I don\u2019t need water right now.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u092a \u0938\u092e\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>h\u0101m\u012bl\u0101\u012b thap samaya ch\u0101h\u0129daina.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">We don\u2019t need extra time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-337 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for things or resources you need.<\/p>\n<p>The form \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) stays the same for different people.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need water.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b samaya c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nYou need time.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She needs food.<\/p>\n<h2>Need to Do an Action: \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) when English means \u201cneed to\u201d or \u201chave to.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This pattern expresses necessity or obligation to do an action.<\/p>\n<p>The person who needs to do something is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>The action verb appears in the infinitive form ending in \u2013\u0928\u0941 (<em>\u2013nu<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>The basic pattern is:<\/p>\n<p>person + \u0932\u093e\u0908 + verb infinitive + \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need to go. \/ I have to go.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b pa\u1e0dhnu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need to study. \/ I have to study.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b k\u0101m garnu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She needs to work. \/ He\/She has to work.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-338-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-338\">NEED to Do an Action (\u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 + infinitive + parcha) \u2014 Questions<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-338\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-338\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-338-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b kh\u0101nu parcha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Do you need to eat?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ke garnu parcha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">What do you need to do?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-338 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-339-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-339\">NEED to Do an Action \u2014 Affirmative<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-339\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-339\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-339-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b kh\u0101nu parcha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I need to eat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b ahile j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I need to go now.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-339 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-340-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-340\">NEED to Do an Action \u2014 Negative<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-340\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-340\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-340-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u091c \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b \u0101ja k\u0101m garnu pardaina.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I don\u2019t have to work today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u091c \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>mal\u0101\u012b \u0101ja pa\u1e0dhnu pardaina.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I don\u2019t have to study today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-340 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) when you need a thing.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) when you need to do an action.<\/p>\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need water.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need to go.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0918\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ghar j\u0101nu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need to go home.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b nep\u0101l\u012b pa\u1e0dhnu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need to study Nepali.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 kh\u0101nu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nYou need to eat food.<\/p>\n<h2>Want: \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) to express \u201cwant\u201d in the sense of desire or preference.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) and \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>), \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) is a regular verb. This means it changes according to the subject and level of respect.<\/p>\n<p>When you want to do an action, Nepali usually places the verb in the \u2013\u0928 (<em>\u2013na<\/em>) form before \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma j\u0101na c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI want to go.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101l\u012b pa\u1e0dhna c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI want to study Nepali.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 \u0101una c\u0101hanuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She wants to come.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-341-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-341\">WANT (Regular verb c\u0101hanu) \u2014 Questions<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-341\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-341\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-341-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 j\u0101na c\u0101hanuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Do you want to go?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 ke garn\u0101 c\u0101hanuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">What do you want to do?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-341 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-342-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-342\">WANT \u2014 Affirmative<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-342\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-342\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-342-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0916\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma kheln\u0101 c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I want to play.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma kh\u0101na c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I want to eat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-342 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-343-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-343\">WANT \u2014 Negative<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-343\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-343\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-343-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ma j\u0101na c\u0101hanna.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">I don\u2019t want to go.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 j\u0101na c\u0101hanuhunna.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">You don\u2019t want to go.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-343 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) when you want to express desire.<\/p>\n<p>Use the \u2013\u0928 (<em>\u2013na<\/em>) form before \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) when the desire is to do an action.<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma p\u0101n\u012b piuna c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI want to drink water.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma nep\u0101l j\u0101na c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI want to go to Nepal.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101l\u012b sikna c\u0101hanuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She wants to learn Nepali.<\/p>\n<h2>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, and \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941: Key Difference<\/h2>\n<p>These three patterns are different.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for needing a thing.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) for needing to do an action.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) for wanting to do something.<\/p>\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need water.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0928\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b piunu parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need to drink water.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma p\u0101n\u012b piuna c\u0101hanchu.<\/em><br \/>\nI want to drink water.<\/p>\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\n<p>At the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tell time using \u092c\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b (<em>bajyo<\/em>) and \u092c\u091c\u0947 (<em>baje<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>understand the difference between \u201cIt is \u2026 o\u2019clock\u201d and \u201cat \u2026 o\u2019clock\u201d<\/li>\n<li>use \u0938\u0935\u093e (<em>saw\u0101<\/em>), \u0938\u093e\u0922\u0947 (<em>s\u0101\u1e0dhe<\/em>), and \u092a\u094c\u0928\u0947 (<em>paune<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>make a.m. and p.m. clear using words such as \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0928 (<em>bih\u0101na<\/em>), \u0926\u093f\u0909\u0901\u0938\u094b (<em>diu\u0303so<\/em>), \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e (<em>beluk\u0101<\/em>), and \u0930\u093e\u0924\u093f (<em>r\u0101ti<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>distinguish \u0926\u093f\u0928 (<em>din<\/em>) from \u092c\u093e\u0930 (<em>b\u0101r<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>talk about scheduled events with \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>huncha<\/em>) and \u0939\u0941\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>hudaina<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>say when an event starts or ends using \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>suru huncha<\/em>) and \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>sakincha<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>describe routines with habitual present verbs<\/li>\n<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for needing a thing<\/li>\n<li>use \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>parcha<\/em>) for needing to do an action<\/li>\n<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0941 (<em>c\u0101hanu<\/em>) for wanting to do something<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-268","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":259,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2696,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/268\/revisions\/2696"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/259"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/268\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=268"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=268"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}