{"id":325,"date":"2025-12-14T14:43:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T19:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-15-unit-4-grammar-focus\/"},"modified":"2026-05-21T18:01:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T22:01:18","slug":"chapter-15-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-15-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Likes, Dislikes, Need, Availability, Yes\/No Questions, and \u201cBecause\u201d<\/h2>\r\nIn this section, you will learn how to express likes, dislikes, needs, availability, yes\/no questions, and reasons in Nepali.\r\n\r\nThese patterns are useful in everyday conversations, especially when talking about food, drinks, shopping, restaurants, personal preferences, and explanations.\r\n<h2>Likes and Dislikes<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, likes and dislikes are most commonly expressed with:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>man parcha<\/em>\r\nlike \/ likes\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\r\n<em>man pardaina<\/em>\r\ndo not like \/ does not like\r\n\r\nLiterally, \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941 (<em>man parnu<\/em>) means \u201cto be pleasing to the mind\/heart.\u201d This means Nepali expresses liking as an experience, not as a direct action.\r\n\r\nBecause of this structure, the person who experiences the feeling is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em>\r\nI like tea.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man pardaina.<\/em>\r\nI do not like coffee.\r\n\r\nIn these sentences:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>mal\u0101\u012b<\/em>) marks the person who feels the preference<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e (<em>ciy\u0101<\/em>) or \u0915\u092b\u0940 (<em>kaph\u012b<\/em>) is the thing liked or disliked<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b \/ \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>man parcha \/ man pardaina<\/em>) expresses the preference<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[table id=379 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>) with the person who likes or dislikes something.\r\n\r\nUse \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>man parcha<\/em>) for \u201clike.\u201d\r\n\r\nUse \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>man pardaina<\/em>) for \u201cdo not like.\u201d\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em>\r\nI like tea.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man pardaina.<\/em>\r\nI do not like coffee.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b nep\u0101l\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 man parcha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She likes Nepali food.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ke man parcha?<\/em>\r\nWhat do you like?\r\n<h2>Past Preference: \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b \/ \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928<\/h2>\r\nWhen talking about something you liked or did not like after experiencing it, use the past forms:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\r\n<em>man paryo<\/em>\r\nliked \/ was pleasing\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\r\n<em>man parena<\/em>\r\ndid not like \/ was not pleasing\r\n\r\nThese are useful after tasting food, watching a movie, visiting a place, reading a book, or attending an event.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 man paryo.<\/em>\r\nI liked the food.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b philm man parena.<\/em>\r\nI did not like the movie.\r\n\r\nThe structure stays the same: the experiencer is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>), and the thing liked or disliked remains the main item in the sentence.\r\n\r\n[table id=380 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=381 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=382 \/]\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the sentences aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b momo man paryo.<\/em>\r\nI liked the momo.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parena.<\/em>\r\nI did not like the tea.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0920\u093e\u0909\u0901 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b \u1e6dh\u0101u\u0303 man paryo.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She liked the place.\r\n<h2>Alternative Expression: \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941<\/h2>\r\nEveryday Nepali most commonly uses the pattern:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u2026 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b \u2026 man parcha<\/em>\r\n\r\nHowever, you may also see or hear the verb \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (<em>man par\u0101unu<\/em>), meaning \u201cto like.\u201d\r\n\r\nThis form is more like English because the person who likes something appears as the grammatical subject.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0941\u0964\r\n<em>ma ciy\u0101 man par\u0101u\u0303chu.<\/em>\r\nI like tea.\r\n\r\n\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101l\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 man par\u0101unuhuncha.<\/em>\r\nHe\/She likes Nepali food.\r\n\r\nThis pattern is common in written Nepali or more careful\/formal speech. For everyday beginner conversation, the \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u2026 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>mal\u0101\u012b \u2026 man parcha<\/em>) pattern is usually more useful.\r\n\r\n[table id=383 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=384 \/]\r\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\nFor everyday conversation, use:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em>\r\nI like tea.\r\n\r\nRecognize \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (<em>man par\u0101unu<\/em>) when you see it, but you do not need to use it first.\r\n<h2>Need, Want, and Availability<\/h2>\r\nNepali often expresses \u201cneed,\u201d \u201cwant right now,\u201d and \u201cavailability\u201d with impersonal patterns.\r\n\r\nInstead of saying \u201cI need X\u201d as a direct subject-based action, Nepali often frames the meaning as:\r\n\r\nX is needed for me.\r\n\r\nX is available or obtainable here.\r\n\r\nBecause of this, the thing needed or available behaves like the main item in the sentence, while the person who needs or receives it is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).\r\n\r\nTwo important verbs are:\r\n\r\n\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0941\r\n<em>c\u0101hinu<\/em>\r\nto be needed \/ wanted\r\n\r\n\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0941\r\n<em>p\u0101inu<\/em>\r\nto be available \/ obtainable \/ to be found\r\n\r\nCommon forms include:\r\n\r\n\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>\r\nis needed \/ is wanted\r\n\r\n\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\r\n<em>c\u0101hi\u0303daina<\/em>\r\nis not needed \/ is not wanted\r\n\r\n\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b\r\n<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>\r\nis available \/ can be obtained\r\n\r\n\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\r\n<em>p\u0101i\u0303daina<\/em>\r\nis not available \/ cannot be obtained\r\n<h2>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928<\/h2>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) when you need or want something in the immediate situation.\r\n\r\nThis is very common in caf\u00e9s, restaurants, shops, and everyday requests.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need water. \/ I want water.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hi\u0303daina.<\/em>\r\nI do not need tea. \/ I do not want tea.\r\n\r\nThis pattern is especially useful when making practical requests.\r\n\r\n[table id=385 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=386 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for \u201cneed\/want now.\u201d\r\n\r\nUse \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>c\u0101hi\u0303daina<\/em>) for \u201cdo not need \/ do not want now.\u201d\r\n\r\nUse \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>man parcha<\/em>) for general likes.\r\n\r\nCompare:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em>\r\nI like tea.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hincha.<\/em>\r\nI need\/want tea now.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hi\u0303daina.<\/em>\r\nI do not need\/want tea now.\r\n<h2>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928<\/h2>\r\n\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>) means \u201cis available,\u201d \u201ccan be obtained,\u201d or \u201cyou can get.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>p\u0101i\u0303daina<\/em>) means \u201cis not available,\u201d \u201ccannot be obtained,\u201d or \u201cyou cannot get.\u201d\r\n\r\nThese forms are very common in shops, caf\u00e9s, restaurants, offices, and service settings.\r\n\r\nInstead of directly asking \u201cDo you have X?\u201d, Nepali often asks whether X is available.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 ciy\u0101 p\u0101incha?<\/em>\r\nIs tea available here? \/ Can I get tea here?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 momo p\u0101incha?<\/em>\r\nIs momo available here? \/ Can I get momo here?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 kaph\u012b p\u0101i\u0303daina.<\/em>\r\nCoffee is not available here. \/ You cannot get coffee here.\r\n\r\n[table id=387 \/]\r\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the questions aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b p\u0101incha?<\/em>\r\nCan I get water here?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 ciy\u0101 p\u0101incha?<\/em>\r\nCan I get tea here?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 kh\u0101n\u0101 p\u0101incha?<\/em>\r\nCan I get food here?\r\n<h2>\u201cAvailable\u201d vs. \u201cCan You Get\u2026?\u201d<\/h2>\r\nLiterally, \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>) means \u201cis found,\u201d \u201cis available,\u201d or \u201ccan be obtained.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn natural English, it is often translated as \u201cyou can get \u2026\u201d because English usually expresses the idea from the customer\u2019s point of view.\r\n\r\nNepali does not need to mention the person getting the item. The meaning is understood from context.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b p\u0101incha.<\/em>\r\nWater is available here. \/ You can get water here.\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b p\u0101i\u0303daina.<\/em>\r\nWater is not available here. \/ You cannot get water here.\r\n\r\n[table id=388 \/]\r\n<h2>Asking Yes\/No Questions with \u0915\u093f<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, yes\/no questions often keep the same word order as statements.\r\n\r\nIn speech, rising intonation can turn a statement into a question. In writing, the question mark shows that it is a question.\r\n\r\nNepali also commonly uses \u0915\u093f (<em>ki<\/em>) in yes\/no questions.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f (<em>ki<\/em>) literally means \u201cor.\u201d In questions, it can give a meaning like \u201cor not?\u201d and makes the question sound natural and conversational.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b \u0915\u093f?\r\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha ki?<\/em>\r\nIs there water here?\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b \u0915\u093f?\r\n<em>yo \u1e6dh\u012bk cha ki?<\/em>\r\nIs this okay?\r\n\r\n\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0915\u093f?\r\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hincha ki?<\/em>\r\nDo you want tea?\r\n\r\n[table id=389 \/]\r\n<h3>Explicit Alternative Forms<\/h3>\r\nYou can also state both options directly:\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\n<em>ho ki hoina?<\/em>\r\nIs it or is it not?\r\n\r\n\u091b \u0915\u093f \u091b\u0948\u0928?\r\n<em>cha ki chaina?<\/em>\r\nIs there or is there not?\r\n\r\n\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928?\r\n<em>c\u0101hincha ki c\u0101hi\u0303daina?<\/em>\r\nDo you need\/want it or not?\r\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\nA question like \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b \u0915\u093f? (<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha ki?<\/em>) may sound like a polite way of checking availability, especially if the speaker wants water.\r\n<h2>Saying \u201cBecause\u201d with \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947<\/h2>\r\nIn everyday Nepali, the most common way to say \u201cbecause\u201d is \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (<em>kinabhane<\/em>).\r\n\r\nIt is used to give a reason or explanation, especially in response to \u0915\u093f\u0928? (<em>kina?<\/em>), meaning \u201cwhy?\u201d\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u092d\u090f\u0928?\r\n<em>kina \u0101unubhaena?<\/em>\r\nWhy didn\u2019t you come?\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092e \u092c\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0925\u093f\u090f\u0901\u0964\r\n<em>kinabhane ma bir\u0101m\u012b thie\u0303.<\/em>\r\nBecause I was sick.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928?\r\n<em>kina ciy\u0101 c\u0101hi\u0303daina?<\/em>\r\nWhy don\u2019t you want tea?\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964\r\n<em>kinabhane mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man parcha.<\/em>\r\nBecause I like coffee.\r\n\r\n[table id=390 \/]\r\n<h3>Simple Pattern<\/h3>\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928?\r\n<em>kina?<\/em>\r\nWhy?\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 + reason\r\n<em>kinabhane + reason<\/em>\r\nBecause + reason\r\n<h3>Formal Alternative<\/h3>\r\nA more formal or written form is:\r\n\r\n\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093f\r\n<em>kinaki<\/em>\r\nbecause\r\n\r\nFor beginner conversation, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (<em>kinabhane<\/em>) is the more useful everyday form.\r\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\r\nAt the end of this section, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>express likes with \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>man parcha<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>express dislikes with \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>man pardaina<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>talk about past preferences with \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b (<em>man paryo<\/em>) and \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928 (<em>man parena<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>recognize the alternative verb \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (<em>man par\u0101unu<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for \u201cneed\/want now\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>c\u0101hi\u0303daina<\/em>) for \u201cdo not need\/want now\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>) to ask what is available<\/li>\r\n \t<li>use \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>p\u0101i\u0303daina<\/em>) to say something is not available<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ask yes\/no questions with \u0915\u093f (<em>ki<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>give reasons with \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (<em>kinabhane<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2>Likes, Dislikes, Need, Availability, Yes\/No Questions, and \u201cBecause\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>In this section, you will learn how to express likes, dislikes, needs, availability, yes\/no questions, and reasons in Nepali.<\/p>\n<p>These patterns are useful in everyday conversations, especially when talking about food, drinks, shopping, restaurants, personal preferences, and explanations.<\/p>\n<h2>Likes and Dislikes<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, likes and dislikes are most commonly expressed with:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>man parcha<\/em><br \/>\nlike \/ likes<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928<br \/>\n<em>man pardaina<\/em><br \/>\ndo not like \/ does not like<\/p>\n<p>Literally, \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941 (<em>man parnu<\/em>) means \u201cto be pleasing to the mind\/heart.\u201d This means Nepali expresses liking as an experience, not as a direct action.<\/p>\n<p>Because of this structure, the person who experiences the feeling is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI like tea.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man pardaina.<\/em><br \/>\nI do not like coffee.<\/p>\n<p>In these sentences:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>mal\u0101\u012b<\/em>) marks the person who feels the preference<\/li>\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e (<em>ciy\u0101<\/em>) or \u0915\u092b\u0940 (<em>kaph\u012b<\/em>) is the thing liked or disliked<\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b \/ \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>man parcha \/ man pardaina<\/em>) expresses the preference<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-379-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-379\">Table 15.4.1 \u2013 Likes\/dislikes in the present: \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b \/ \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (man parcha \/ man pardaina)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-379\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-379\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-379-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                      <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                         <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/i>          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I like tea.                     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man pardaina.<\/i>        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I don\u2019t like coffee.            <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b momo man parcha.<\/i>        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> He\/She likes momo.              <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093f\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b piro man pardaina.<\/i>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> He\/She doesn\u2019t like spicy food. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b d\u0101lbh\u0101t man parcha.<\/i>  <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> You like daal-bhaat.            <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b d\u0101lbh\u0101t man pardaina.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> You don\u2019t like daal-bhaat.      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-379 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>) with the person who likes or dislikes something.<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>man parcha<\/em>) for \u201clike.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>man pardaina<\/em>) for \u201cdo not like.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI like tea.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man pardaina.<\/em><br \/>\nI do not like coffee.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b nep\u0101l\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 man parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She likes Nepali food.<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ke man parcha?<\/em><br \/>\nWhat do you like?<\/p>\n<h2>Past Preference: \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b \/ \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928<\/h2>\n<p>When talking about something you liked or did not like after experiencing it, use the past forms:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b<br \/>\n<em>man paryo<\/em><br \/>\nliked \/ was pleasing<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928<br \/>\n<em>man parena<\/em><br \/>\ndid not like \/ was not pleasing<\/p>\n<p>These are useful after tasting food, watching a movie, visiting a place, reading a book, or attending an event.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 man paryo.<\/em><br \/>\nI liked the food.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b philm man parena.<\/em><br \/>\nI did not like the movie.<\/p>\n<p>The structure stays the same: the experiencer is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>), and the thing liked or disliked remains the main item in the sentence.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-380-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-380\">Table 15.4.2 \u2013 Past preference: \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b \/ \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928 (man paryo \/ man parena)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-380\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-380\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-380-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                      <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                       <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                        <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man paryo.<\/i>          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I liked the tea.               <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964           <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man parena.<\/i>        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I didn\u2019t like the coffee.      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b momo man paryo.<\/i>        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> He\/She liked momo.             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093f\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b piro man parena.<\/i>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> He\/She didn\u2019t like spicy food. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b d\u0101lbh\u0101t man paryo.<\/i>  <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> You liked daal-bhaat.          <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b d\u0101lbh\u0101t man parena.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> You didn\u2019t like daal-bhaat.    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-380 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-381-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-381\">Table 15.4.3 \u2013 Common questions for preferences (present and past)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-381\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-381\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-381-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                   <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                    <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                   <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ke man parcha?<\/i>   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> What do you like?         <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha?<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Do you like tea?          <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093f\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b piro man parcha?<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Do you like spicy food?   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b? <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man paryo?<\/i>   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Did you like the tea?     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928?   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b momo man parena?<\/i>  <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Didn\u2019t you like the momo? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-381 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-382-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-382\">Table 15.4.4 \u2013 Short answers for preferences<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-382\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-382\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-382-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                   <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English               <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0939\u094b, \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>ho, mal\u0101\u012b man parcha.<\/i>     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Yes, I do.            <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>hoina, mal\u0101\u012b man pardaina.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> No, I don\u2019t.          <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0939\u094b, \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>ho, mal\u0101\u012b man paryo.<\/i>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Yes, I liked it.      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>hoina, mal\u0101\u012b man parena.<\/i>   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> No, I didn\u2019t like it. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-382 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the sentences aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b momo man paryo.<\/em><br \/>\nI liked the momo.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parena.<\/em><br \/>\nI did not like the tea.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0920\u093e\u0909\u0901 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303l\u0101\u012b \u1e6dh\u0101u\u0303 man paryo.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She liked the place.<\/p>\n<h2>Alternative Expression: \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941<\/h2>\n<p>Everyday Nepali most commonly uses the pattern:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u2026 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b \u2026 man parcha<\/em><\/p>\n<p>However, you may also see or hear the verb \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (<em>man par\u0101unu<\/em>), meaning \u201cto like.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This form is more like English because the person who likes something appears as the grammatical subject.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0941\u0964<br \/>\n<em>ma ciy\u0101 man par\u0101u\u0303chu.<\/em><br \/>\nI like tea.<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>uh\u0101\u0303 nep\u0101l\u012b kh\u0101n\u0101 man par\u0101unuhuncha.<\/em><br \/>\nHe\/She likes Nepali food.<\/p>\n<p>This pattern is common in written Nepali or more careful\/formal speech. For everyday beginner conversation, the \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u2026 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>mal\u0101\u012b \u2026 man parcha<\/em>) pattern is usually more useful.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-383-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-383\">Table 15.4.5 \u2013 Alternative \u201clike\u201d verb (more subject-style): present<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-383\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-383\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-383-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                        <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                            <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                       <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e \u092a\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0932\u094b \u0930\u0919 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0941\u0964       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>ma pahe\u0303lo ra\u1e45 man par\u0101\u0169chu.<\/i>      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I like the color yellow.      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0930\u0919 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>uh\u0101\u0303 hariyo ra\u1e45 man par\u0101unuhuncha.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> He\/She likes the color green. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-383 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-384-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-384\">Table 15.4.6 \u2013 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (man par\u0101unu) in the past: par\u0101e\u0303 \/ par\u0101unubhayo<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-384\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-384\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-384-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                        <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                            <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                       <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0932\u094b \u0930\u0919 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>maile pahe\u0303lo ra\u1e45 man par\u0101e\u0303.<\/i>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I liked the color yellow.     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0930\u0919 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u092d\u092f\u094b\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>uh\u0101\u0303le hariyo ra\u1e45 man par\u0101unubhayo.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> He\/She liked the color green. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-384 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\n<p>For everyday conversation, use:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI like tea.<\/p>\n<p>Recognize \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (<em>man par\u0101unu<\/em>) when you see it, but you do not need to use it first.<\/p>\n<h2>Need, Want, and Availability<\/h2>\n<p>Nepali often expresses \u201cneed,\u201d \u201cwant right now,\u201d and \u201cavailability\u201d with impersonal patterns.<\/p>\n<p>Instead of saying \u201cI need X\u201d as a direct subject-based action, Nepali often frames the meaning as:<\/p>\n<p>X is needed for me.<\/p>\n<p>X is available or obtainable here.<\/p>\n<p>Because of this, the thing needed or available behaves like the main item in the sentence, while the person who needs or receives it is marked with \u2013\u0932\u093e\u0908 (<em>\u2013l\u0101\u012b<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Two important verbs are:<\/p>\n<p>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0941<br \/>\n<em>c\u0101hinu<\/em><br \/>\nto be needed \/ wanted<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0941<br \/>\n<em>p\u0101inu<\/em><br \/>\nto be available \/ obtainable \/ to be found<\/p>\n<p>Common forms include:<\/p>\n<p>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em><br \/>\nis needed \/ is wanted<\/p>\n<p>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928<br \/>\n<em>c\u0101hi\u0303daina<\/em><br \/>\nis not needed \/ is not wanted<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b<br \/>\n<em>p\u0101incha<\/em><br \/>\nis available \/ can be obtained<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928<br \/>\n<em>p\u0101i\u0303daina<\/em><br \/>\nis not available \/ cannot be obtained<\/p>\n<h2>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928<\/h2>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) when you need or want something in the immediate situation.<\/p>\n<p>This is very common in caf\u00e9s, restaurants, shops, and everyday requests.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need water. \/ I want water.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hi\u0303daina.<\/em><br \/>\nI do not need tea. \/ I do not want tea.<\/p>\n<p>This pattern is especially useful when making practical requests.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-385-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-385\">Table 15.4.7 \u2013 Want\/need now: \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (c\u0101hincha \/ c\u0101h\u0129daina)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-385\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-385\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-385-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                     <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                      <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                        <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha.<\/i>         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I want\/need water.             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hincha.<\/i>         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I want tea (now).              <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b c\u0101hi\u0303daina.<\/i>        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I don\u2019t want coffee (now).     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093f\u0920\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>ahile mal\u0101\u012b mi\u1e6dh\u0101\u012b c\u0101hi\u0303daina.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I don\u2019t want sweets right now. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-385 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-386-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-386\">Table 15.4.8 \u2013 Polite want\/need questions<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-386\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-386\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-386-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                 <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                  <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b?   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ke c\u0101hincha?<em>   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> What do you want\/need? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b? <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b p\u0101n\u012b c\u0101hincha?<em> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Do you want water?     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u0905\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0947\u0939\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b?      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <em>ar\u016b keh\u012b  c\u0101hincha?<em>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Anything else?         <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-386 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for \u201cneed\/want now.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>c\u0101hi\u0303daina<\/em>) for \u201cdo not need \/ do not want now.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Use \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>man parcha<\/em>) for general likes.<\/p>\n<p>Compare:<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 man parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nI like tea.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hincha.<\/em><br \/>\nI need\/want tea now.<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>mal\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hi\u0303daina.<\/em><br \/>\nI do not need\/want tea now.<\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928<\/h2>\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>) means \u201cis available,\u201d \u201ccan be obtained,\u201d or \u201cyou can get.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>p\u0101i\u0303daina<\/em>) means \u201cis not available,\u201d \u201ccannot be obtained,\u201d or \u201cyou cannot get.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These forms are very common in shops, caf\u00e9s, restaurants, offices, and service settings.<\/p>\n<p>Instead of directly asking \u201cDo you have X?\u201d, Nepali often asks whether X is available.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 ciy\u0101 p\u0101incha?<\/em><br \/>\nIs tea available here? \/ Can I get tea here?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 momo p\u0101incha?<\/em><br \/>\nIs momo available here? \/ Can I get momo here?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 kaph\u012b p\u0101i\u0303daina.<\/em><br \/>\nCoffee is not available here. \/ You cannot get coffee here.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-387-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-387\">Table 15.4.9 \u2013 Availability: \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b \/ \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (p\u0101incha \/ p\u0101\u0129daina)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-387\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-387\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-387-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                   <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                                                          <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 momo p\u0101incha.<\/i>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Momo is available here.                                          <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0942\u0927 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 d\u016bdh ciy\u0101 p\u0101incha.<\/i>  <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Milk tea is available here.                                      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094b \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b? <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 k\u0101lo kaph\u012b p\u0101incha?<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is black coffee available here? \/ Can you get black coffee here? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u0941\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 jus p\u0101i\u0303daina.<\/i>        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Juice isn\u2019t available here.                                      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-387 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Try It Now<\/h3>\n<p>Read the questions aloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b p\u0101incha?<\/em><br \/>\nCan I get water here?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 ciy\u0101 p\u0101incha?<\/em><br \/>\nCan I get tea here?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 kh\u0101n\u0101 p\u0101incha?<\/em><br \/>\nCan I get food here?<\/p>\n<h2>\u201cAvailable\u201d vs. \u201cCan You Get\u2026?\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Literally, \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>) means \u201cis found,\u201d \u201cis available,\u201d or \u201ccan be obtained.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In natural English, it is often translated as \u201cyou can get \u2026\u201d because English usually expresses the idea from the customer\u2019s point of view.<\/p>\n<p>Nepali does not need to mention the person getting the item. The meaning is understood from context.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b p\u0101incha.<\/em><br \/>\nWater is available here. \/ You can get water here.<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b p\u0101i\u0303daina.<\/em><br \/>\nWater is not available here. \/ You cannot get water here.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-388-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-388\">Table 15.4.10 \u2013 Availability questions: kah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101incha? \/ \u2026 p\u0101incha?<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-388\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-388\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-388-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                         <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                            <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                                                <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0915\u0941\u092d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b? <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>bhy\u0101nkubharm\u0101 momo kah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101incha?<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Where can you get momo in Vancouver?                   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094b \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b?          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 k\u0101lo kaph\u012b p\u0101incha?<\/i>          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Can you get black coffee here? \/ Is it available here? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-388 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Asking Yes\/No Questions with \u0915\u093f<\/h2>\n<p>In Nepali, yes\/no questions often keep the same word order as statements.<\/p>\n<p>In speech, rising intonation can turn a statement into a question. In writing, the question mark shows that it is a question.<\/p>\n<p>Nepali also commonly uses \u0915\u093f (<em>ki<\/em>) in yes\/no questions.<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f (<em>ki<\/em>) literally means \u201cor.\u201d In questions, it can give a meaning like \u201cor not?\u201d and makes the question sound natural and conversational.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b \u0915\u093f?<br \/>\n<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha ki?<\/em><br \/>\nIs there water here?<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b \u0915\u093f?<br \/>\n<em>yo \u1e6dh\u012bk cha ki?<\/em><br \/>\nIs this okay?<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0915\u093f?<br \/>\n<em>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303l\u0101\u012b ciy\u0101 c\u0101hincha ki?<\/em><br \/>\nDo you want tea?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-389-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-389\">Table 15.4.11 \u2013 Yes\/no questions with \u0915\u093f (ki)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-389\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-389\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-389-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali               <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                    <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                       <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\"> Pattern type              <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b?         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yo kit\u0101b ho?<\/i>                <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is this a book?               <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Basic yes\/no question with ho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f?      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yo kit\u0101b ho ki?<\/i>             <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is this a book (or not)?      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Soft yes\/no question with ki<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928? <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yo kit\u0101b ho ki hoina?<\/i>       <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is this a book or not?        <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Explicit \u201cor not\u201d question with hoina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b?         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha?<\/i>            <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is there water here?          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Basic yes\/no question with cha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b \u0915\u093f?      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha ki?<\/i>         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is there water here (or not)? <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Soft yes\/no question with ki<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b \u0915\u093f \u091b\u0948\u0928?  <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha ki chaina?<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> Is there water here or not?   <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">Explicit \u201cor not\u201d question with chaina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-389 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Explicit Alternative Forms<\/h3>\n<p>You can also state both options directly:<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?<br \/>\n<em>ho ki hoina?<\/em><br \/>\nIs it or is it not?<\/p>\n<p>\u091b \u0915\u093f \u091b\u0948\u0928?<br \/>\n<em>cha ki chaina?<\/em><br \/>\nIs there or is there not?<\/p>\n<p>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928?<br \/>\n<em>c\u0101hincha ki c\u0101hi\u0303daina?<\/em><br \/>\nDo you need\/want it or not?<\/p>\n<h3>Learner Tip<\/h3>\n<p>A question like \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091b \u0915\u093f? (<em>yah\u0101\u0303 p\u0101n\u012b cha ki?<\/em>) may sound like a polite way of checking availability, especially if the speaker wants water.<\/p>\n<h2>Saying \u201cBecause\u201d with \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947<\/h2>\n<p>In everyday Nepali, the most common way to say \u201cbecause\u201d is \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (<em>kinabhane<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>It is used to give a reason or explanation, especially in response to \u0915\u093f\u0928? (<em>kina?<\/em>), meaning \u201cwhy?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u092d\u090f\u0928?<br \/>\n<em>kina \u0101unubhaena?<\/em><br \/>\nWhy didn\u2019t you come?<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092e \u092c\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0925\u093f\u090f\u0901\u0964<br \/>\n<em>kinabhane ma bir\u0101m\u012b thie\u0303.<\/em><br \/>\nBecause I was sick.<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928?<br \/>\n<em>kina ciy\u0101 c\u0101hi\u0303daina?<\/em><br \/>\nWhy don\u2019t you want tea?<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<br \/>\n<em>kinabhane mal\u0101\u012b kaph\u012b man parcha.<\/em><br \/>\nBecause I like coffee.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-390-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-390\">Table 15.4.12 \u2013 Giving reasons with \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (kinabhane)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-390\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-390\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-390-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\"> Nepali                                            <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\"> Transliteration                                                     <\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\"> English                                         <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0942\u0927 \u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u092e\u0940\u0920\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964      <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b d\u016bdh ciy\u0101 man parcha, kinabhane yo m\u012b\u1e6dho huncha.<\/i>     <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I like milk tea because it is tasty\/sweet.      <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094b \u0915\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0924\u093f\u0924\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964    <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b k\u0101lo kaph\u012b man pardaina, kinabhane yo tito huncha.<\/i>    <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I don\u2019t like black coffee because it is bitter. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u094b \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0927\u0947\u0930\u0948 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964 <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b momo man parcha, kinabhane yo dherai sw\u0101dilo huncha.<\/i> <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I like momo because it is very delicious.       <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"> \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964         <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <i>mal\u0101\u012b kek man parcha, kinabhane yo guliyo huncha.<\/i>          <\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"> I like cake because it is sweet.                <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-390 from cache --><\/p>\n<h3>Simple Pattern<\/h3>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928?<br \/>\n<em>kina?<\/em><br \/>\nWhy?<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 + reason<br \/>\n<em>kinabhane + reason<\/em><br \/>\nBecause + reason<\/p>\n<h3>Formal Alternative<\/h3>\n<p>A more formal or written form is:<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093f<br \/>\n<em>kinaki<\/em><br \/>\nbecause<\/p>\n<p>For beginner conversation, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (<em>kinabhane<\/em>) is the more useful everyday form.<\/p>\n<h2>Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\n<p>At the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>express likes with \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b (<em>man parcha<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>express dislikes with \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>man pardaina<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>talk about past preferences with \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u094b (<em>man paryo<\/em>) and \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0928 (<em>man parena<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>recognize the alternative verb \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941 (<em>man par\u0101unu<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>c\u0101hincha<\/em>) for \u201cneed\/want now\u201d<\/li>\n<li>use \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>c\u0101hi\u0303daina<\/em>) for \u201cdo not need\/want now\u201d<\/li>\n<li>use \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u091b (<em>p\u0101incha<\/em>) to ask what is available<\/li>\n<li>use \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0901\u0926\u0948\u0928 (<em>p\u0101i\u0303daina<\/em>) to say something is not available<\/li>\n<li>ask yes\/no questions with \u0915\u093f (<em>ki<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>give reasons with \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 (<em>kinabhane<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-325","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":316,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1969,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/325\/revisions\/1969"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/316"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/325\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=325"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=325"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}