{"id":363,"date":"2025-12-16T01:10:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T06:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-17-unit-4-grammar-focus\/"},"modified":"2026-05-22T15:56:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T19:56:05","slug":"chapter-17-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-17-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"

Giving Directions<\/h2>\r\nIn this section, you will learn how to ask for and give directions in Nepali.\r\n\r\nDirection-giving in Nepali is usually polite and respectful, especially when speaking with strangers, elders, teachers, shopkeepers, or people you do not know well.\r\n\r\nNepali often uses respectful verb endings such as \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>) in directions and polite requests.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nj\u0101nuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease go.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nmo\u1e0dnuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease turn.\r\n\r\n\u0939\u0947\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nhernuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease look.\r\n\r\nWhen giving directions, Nepali often uses short, step-by-step clauses. This makes the directions easier to follow.\r\n

Interaction Opener<\/h2>\r\nBefore asking for directions, Nepali speakers often begin with a polite opener.\r\n\r\nA very common phrase is:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos<\/em>\r\nExcuse me. \/ Please excuse me.\r\n\r\nThis phrase helps begin the conversation politely.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos, basp\u0101rk kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nExcuse me, where is the bus station?\r\n\r\n\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos, mandir kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nExcuse me, which way is the temple?\r\n\r\n[table id=395 \/]\r\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the polite openers aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos, aspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nExcuse me, where is the hospital?\r\n\r\n\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos, skul kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nExcuse me, which way is the school?\r\n\r\n\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos, baj\u0101r kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nExcuse me, where is the market?\r\n

Polite Asking<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, direction requests are often formed as polite questions rather than direct commands.\r\n\r\nThis makes the request sound respectful and natural.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\nmal\u0101\u012b b\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101idinuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nCould you please tell me the way?\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\nbasp\u0101rk kasar\u012b j\u0101na sakincha?<\/em>\r\nHow can one get to the bus station?\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?\r\naspat\u0101l kat\u0101 parcha?<\/em>\r\nWhich way is the hospital?\r\n\r\nForms such as \u2013\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (\u2013huncha<\/em>) and \u2013\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (\u2013hunuhuncha<\/em>) can make a question sound softer and more polite.\r\n\r\n[table id=397 \/]\r\n

Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\nFor beginners, question-based requests are safer than direct commands.\r\n\r\nInstead of saying only:\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nb\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101unuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease tell the way.\r\n\r\nYou can say:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?\r\nmal\u0101\u012b b\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101idinuhuncha?<\/em>\r\nCould you please tell me the way?\r\n

Polite Instructions<\/h2>\r\nWhen giving directions respectfully, Nepali often uses the honorific imperative ending \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>).\r\n\r\nThe subject \u201cyou\u201d is usually not stated because the polite verb form already shows respect.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease go straight.\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease turn right.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nb\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease turn left.\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nag\u0101\u1e0di hernuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease look ahead.\r\n\r\n[table id=396 \/]\r\n

Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>) for polite direction instructions.\r\n\r\nKeep directions short and step-by-step.\r\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the directions aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease go straight.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ntyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nThen turn right.\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0928\u093f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nani b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nAnd then turn left.\r\n

Where-Questions for Places<\/h2>\r\nNepali uses different question words for location and direction.\r\n\r\nTwo very important forms are:\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901\r\nkah\u0101\u0303<\/em>\r\nwhere\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0924\u093e\r\nkat\u0101<\/em>\r\nwhich way \/ in which direction\r\n\r\nUse \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>) when asking for the location of a place.\r\n\r\nUse \u0915\u0924\u093e (kat\u0101<\/em>) when asking for direction or route.\r\n

\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/h2>\r\n\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>) asks where something is located.\r\n\r\nIt is used when you want to know the fixed location of a place.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\naspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhere is the hospital?\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\nbasp\u0101rk kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhere is the bus station?\r\n\r\n\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\nbaj\u0101r kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhere is the market?\r\n\r\nAnswers usually give a location phrase.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091b\u0964\r\naspat\u0101l ag\u0101\u1e0di cha.<\/em>\r\nThe hospital is ahead.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0948 \u091b\u0964\r\nbasp\u0101rk baj\u0101r najikai cha.<\/em>\r\nThe bus station is near the market.\r\n\r\n[table id=398 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=399 \/]\r\n

Simple Rule<\/h3>\r\nUse \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>) when asking \u201cWhere is it?\u201d\r\n\r\nUse \u091b (cha<\/em>) because the question is about location, not identity.\r\n

\u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/h2>\r\n\u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? (kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>) asks which way something is or which direction to go.\r\n\r\nIt is more direction-focused than \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\nmandir kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhich way is the temple?\r\n\r\n\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\nbaj\u0101r kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhich way is the market?\r\n\r\n\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\nskul kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhich way is the school?\r\n\r\nAnswers often give route instructions.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u0905\u0928\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos, ani d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nGo straight, and then turn right.\r\n\r\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nyah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nFrom here, go left.\r\n\r\n[table id=400 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=401 \/]\r\n

Simple Difference<\/h3>\r\n\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>) asks for a place.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0924\u093e (kat\u0101<\/em>) asks for a direction or route.\r\n\r\nCompare:\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?\r\naspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhere is the hospital?\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\naspat\u0101l kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nWhich way is the hospital?\r\n

Sequencing Directions: \u0905\u0928\u093f, \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f, \u092a\u091b\u093f<\/h2>\r\nDirections are often given as a sequence of short steps.\r\n\r\nNepali uses discourse markers to show the order of steps.\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0928\u093f\r\nani<\/em>\r\nand then\r\n\r\n\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f\r\ntyaspachi<\/em>\r\nthen \/ after that\r\n\r\n\u092a\u091b\u093f\r\npachi<\/em>\r\nafter \/ later\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos. tyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nGo straight. Then turn right.\r\n\r\n\u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u093f \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\npahile b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos. ani ag\u0101\u1e0di j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nFirst go left. Then go ahead.\r\n\r\n[table id=402 \/]\r\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead the sequence aloud.\r\n\r\n\u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\npahile s\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nFirst, go straight.\r\n\r\n\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ntyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nThen, turn right.\r\n\r\n\u0905\u0928\u093f \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964\r\nani baj\u0101r \u0101u\u0303cha.<\/em>\r\nThen the market comes \/ you will reach the market.\r\n

Clarifying and Repairing<\/h2>\r\nWhen asking for or giving directions, speakers often check understanding.\r\n\r\nA common tag question is:\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\nhoina?<\/em>\r\nright? \/ isn\u2019t it?\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092f\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0939\u094b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\nyo b\u0101\u1e6do ho, hoina?<\/em>\r\nThis is the road, right?\r\n\r\n\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuparcha, hoina?<\/em>\r\nI should go right, right?\r\n\r\nResponses are often short.\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0964\r\nho.<\/em>\r\nYes.\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0964\r\nhoina.<\/em>\r\nNo.\r\n\r\nIf the answer is no, the speaker often gives a correction.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nhoina, b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nNo, please go left.\r\n\r\n\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nhoina, s\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nNo, please go straight.\r\n\r\n[table id=404 \/]\r\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nPractise the short exchange.\r\n\r\nA: \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuparcha, hoina?<\/em>\r\nI should go right, right?\r\n\r\nB: \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nhoina, b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>\r\nNo, please go left.\r\n\r\nA: \u092f\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0939\u094b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\nyo b\u0101\u1e6do ho, hoina?<\/em>\r\nThis is the road, right?\r\n\r\nB: \u0939\u094b, \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0964\r\nho, yah\u012b b\u0101\u1e6do ho.<\/em>\r\nYes, this is the road.\r\n

Common Direction Exchange<\/h2>\r\nPractise this short conversation.\r\n\r\nA: \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?\r\nm\u0101ph garnuhos, basp\u0101rk kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>\r\nExcuse me, which way is the bus station?\r\n\r\nB: \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos. tyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>\r\nGo straight. Then turn right.\r\n\r\nA: \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?\r\nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303, hoina?<\/em>\r\nRight, isn\u2019t it?\r\n\r\nB: \u0939\u094b, \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091b\u0964\r\nho, d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos. basp\u0101rk ag\u0101\u1e0di cha.<\/em>\r\nYes, turn right. The bus station is ahead.\r\n\r\nA: \u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0964\r\ndhanyaw\u0101d.<\/em>\r\nThank you.\r\n

Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\r\nAt the end of this section, you should be able to:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • begin a direction request politely with \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (m\u0101ph garnuhos<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • ask where a place is using \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • ask which way to go using \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? (kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • understand the difference between \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>) and \u0915\u0924\u093e (kat\u0101<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • give polite directions using \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • use direction words such as \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e (s\u012bdh\u0101<\/em>), \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 (d\u0101y\u0101\u0303<\/em>), \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 (b\u0101y\u0101\u0303<\/em>), and \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f (ag\u0101\u1e0di<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • sequence directions using \u0905\u0928\u093f (ani<\/em>), \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f (tyaspachi<\/em>), and \u092a\u091b\u093f (pachi<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • check understanding with \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928? (hoina?<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • correct directions politely when needed<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"

    Giving Directions<\/h2>\n

    In this section, you will learn how to ask for and give directions in Nepali.<\/p>\n

    Direction-giving in Nepali is usually polite and respectful, especially when speaking with strangers, elders, teachers, shopkeepers, or people you do not know well.<\/p>\n

    Nepali often uses respectful verb endings such as \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>) in directions and polite requests.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
    \nj\u0101nuhos<\/em>
    \nPlease go.<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
    \nmo\u1e0dnuhos<\/em>
    \nPlease turn.<\/p>\n

    \u0939\u0947\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
    \nhernuhos<\/em>
    \nPlease look.<\/p>\n

    When giving directions, Nepali often uses short, step-by-step clauses. This makes the directions easier to follow.<\/p>\n

    Interaction Opener<\/h2>\n

    Before asking for directions, Nepali speakers often begin with a polite opener.<\/p>\n

    A very common phrase is:<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos<\/em>
    \nExcuse me. \/ Please excuse me.<\/p>\n

    This phrase helps begin the conversation politely.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos, basp\u0101rk kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nExcuse me, where is the bus station?<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos, mandir kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nExcuse me, which way is the temple?<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.1 \u2013 Polite openers: starting a directions question<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\nm\u0101ph garnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nExcuse me.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/td>\nm\u0101ph garnuhos. najikko bas s\u1e6dap kat\u0101 cha?<\/em><\/td>\nExcuse me. Where is the nearest bus stop (which way)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/td>\nm\u0101ph garnuhos. aspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em><\/td>\nExcuse me. Where is the hospital?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Try It Now<\/h3>\n

    Read the polite openers aloud.<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos, aspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nExcuse me, where is the hospital?<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos, skul kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nExcuse me, which way is the school?<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos, baj\u0101r kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nExcuse me, where is the market?<\/p>\n

    Polite Asking<\/h2>\n

    In Nepali, direction requests are often formed as polite questions rather than direct commands.<\/p>\n

    This makes the request sound respectful and natural.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?
    \nmal\u0101\u012b b\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101idinuhuncha?<\/em>
    \nCould you please tell me the way?<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b?
    \nbasp\u0101rk kasar\u012b j\u0101na sakincha?<\/em>
    \nHow can one get to the bus station?<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b?
    \naspat\u0101l kat\u0101 parcha?<\/em>
    \nWhich way is the hospital?<\/p>\n

    Forms such as \u2013\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (\u2013huncha<\/em>) and \u2013\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b (\u2013hunuhuncha<\/em>) can make a question sound softer and more polite.<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.2 \u2013 Polite requests for help (question form)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\nke tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 maddat garna saknuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\nCan you help?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\nk\u1e5bpay\u0101 b\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101idinuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\nCould you please tell me the way?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Learner Tip<\/h3>\n

    For beginners, question-based requests are safer than direct commands.<\/p>\n

    Instead of saying only:<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nb\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101unuhos.<\/em>
    \nPlease tell the way.<\/p>\n

    You can say:<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?
    \nmal\u0101\u012b b\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101idinuhuncha?<\/em>
    \nCould you please tell me the way?<\/p>\n

    Polite Instructions<\/h2>\n

    When giving directions respectfully, Nepali often uses the honorific imperative ending \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>).<\/p>\n

    The subject \u201cyou\u201d is usually not stated because the polite verb form already shows respect.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nPlease go straight.<\/p>\n

    \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nPlease turn right.<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nb\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nPlease turn left.<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nag\u0101\u1e0di hernuhos.<\/em>
    \nPlease look ahead.<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.3 \u2013 Polite route-step commands<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u092f\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\nyo b\u0101\u1e6do s\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nGo straight on this road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\nb\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nTurn left.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\npul p\u0101r garnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nCross the bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Simple Rule<\/h3>\n

    Use \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>) for polite direction instructions.<\/p>\n

    Keep directions short and step-by-step.<\/p>\n

    Try It Now<\/h3>\n

    Read the directions aloud.<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nPlease go straight.<\/p>\n

    \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ntyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nThen turn right.<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u093f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nani b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nAnd then turn left.<\/p>\n

    Where-Questions for Places<\/h2>\n

    Nepali uses different question words for location and direction.<\/p>\n

    Two very important forms are:<\/p>\n

    \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901
    \nkah\u0101\u0303<\/em>
    \nwhere<\/p>\n

    \u0915\u0924\u093e
    \nkat\u0101<\/em>
    \nwhich way \/ in which direction<\/p>\n

    Use \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>) when asking for the location of a place.<\/p>\n

    Use \u0915\u0924\u093e (kat\u0101<\/em>) when asking for direction or route.<\/p>\n

    \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/h2>\n

    \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>) asks where something is located.<\/p>\n

    It is used when you want to know the fixed location of a place.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \naspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhere is the hospital?<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \nbasp\u0101rk kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhere is the bus station?<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \nbaj\u0101r kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhere is the market?<\/p>\n

    Answers usually give a location phrase.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091b\u0964
    \naspat\u0101l ag\u0101\u1e0di cha.<\/em>
    \nThe hospital is ahead.<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0948 \u091b\u0964
    \nbasp\u0101rk baj\u0101r najikai cha.<\/em>
    \nThe bus station is near the market.<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.4 \u2013 \u201cWhere is it?\u201d questions (place\/location)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/td>\naspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em><\/td>\nWhere is the hospital?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/td>\nbas s\u1e6dap kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em><\/td>\nWhere is the bus stop?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.5 \u2013 Answers to kah\u0101\u0303 cha?: location phrases (in\/near\/in front of)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902\u092e\u093e \u091b\u0964<\/td>\nk\u0101\u1e6dhm\u0101\u1e0dau\u0303m\u0101 cha.<\/em><\/td>\nIt is in Kathmandu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091b\u0964<\/td>\nsk\u016blko ag\u0101\u1e0di cha.<\/em><\/td>\nIt is in front of the school.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u0964<\/td>\nbaj\u0101r najik cha.<\/em><\/td>\nIt is near the market.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Simple Rule<\/h3>\n

    Use \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>) when asking \u201cWhere is it?\u201d<\/p>\n

    Use \u091b (cha<\/em>) because the question is about location, not identity.<\/p>\n

    \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/h2>\n

    \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? (kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>) asks which way something is or which direction to go.<\/p>\n

    It is more direction-focused than \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>).<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \nmandir kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhich way is the temple?<\/p>\n

    \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \nbaj\u0101r kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhich way is the market?<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \nskul kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhich way is the school?<\/p>\n

    Answers often give route instructions.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u0905\u0928\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos, ani d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nGo straight, and then turn right.<\/p>\n

    \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nyah\u0101\u0303b\u0101\u1e6da b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nFrom here, go left.<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.6 \u2013 \u201cWhich way?\u201d questions (direction\/route): kat\u0101 cha?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/td>\nnajikko bai\u1e45k kat\u0101 cha?<\/em><\/td>\nWhere is the nearest bank (which way)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/td>\nnajikko bas s\u1e6dap kat\u0101 cha?<\/em><\/td>\nWhere is the nearest bus stop (which way)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.7 \u2013 Answers to kat\u0101 cha?: short direction steps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nGo straight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nTurn right.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901\u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f \u091b\u0964<\/td>\nb\u0101y\u0101\u0303pa\u1e6d\u1e6di cha.<\/em><\/td>\nIt\u2019s on the left side.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Simple Difference<\/h3>\n

    \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>) asks for a place.<\/p>\n

    \u0915\u0924\u093e (kat\u0101<\/em>) asks for a direction or route.<\/p>\n

    Compare:<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?
    \naspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhere is the hospital?<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \naspat\u0101l kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nWhich way is the hospital?<\/p>\n

    Sequencing Directions: \u0905\u0928\u093f, \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f, \u092a\u091b\u093f<\/h2>\n

    Directions are often given as a sequence of short steps.<\/p>\n

    Nepali uses discourse markers to show the order of steps.<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u093f
    \nani<\/em>
    \nand then<\/p>\n

    \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f
    \ntyaspachi<\/em>
    \nthen \/ after that<\/p>\n

    \u092a\u091b\u093f
    \npachi<\/em>
    \nafter \/ later<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos. tyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nGo straight. Then turn right.<\/p>\n

    \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u093f \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \npahile b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos. ani ag\u0101\u1e0di j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nFirst go left. Then go ahead.<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.8 \u2013 Sequencing steps in directions: ani \/ tyaspachi \/ pachi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0905\u0928\u093f \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\nani s\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nAnd then go straight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\nbai\u1e45kpachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\nAfter the bank turn right.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u092a\u091b\u093f \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091b\u0964<\/td>\npul p\u0101r garepachi bas s\u1e6dap d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 cha.<\/em><\/td>\nAfter crossing the bridge the bus stop is on the right.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Try It Now<\/h3>\n

    Read the sequence aloud.<\/p>\n

    \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \npahile s\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nFirst, go straight.<\/p>\n

    \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ntyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nThen, turn right.<\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u093f \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964
    \nani baj\u0101r \u0101u\u0303cha.<\/em>
    \nThen the market comes \/ you will reach the market.<\/p>\n

    Clarifying and Repairing<\/h2>\n

    When asking for or giving directions, speakers often check understanding.<\/p>\n

    A common tag question is:<\/p>\n

    \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?
    \nhoina?<\/em>
    \nright? \/ isn\u2019t it?<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u092f\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0939\u094b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?
    \nyo b\u0101\u1e6do ho, hoina?<\/em>
    \nThis is the road, right?<\/p>\n

    \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?
    \nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuparcha, hoina?<\/em>
    \nI should go right, right?<\/p>\n

    Responses are often short.<\/p>\n

    \u0939\u094b\u0964
    \nho.<\/em>
    \nYes.<\/p>\n

    \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928\u0964
    \nhoina.<\/em>
    \nNo.<\/p>\n

    If the answer is no, the speaker often gives a correction.<\/p>\n

    For example:<\/p>\n

    \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nhoina, b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nNo, please go left.<\/p>\n

    \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nhoina, s\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nNo, please go straight.<\/p>\n

    Table 17.4.9 \u2013 Checking and correcting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nepali<\/th>\nTransliteration<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?<\/td>\n pul p\u0101r garepachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303, hoina?<\/em><\/td>\nOn the right after crossing the bridge, right?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u094b \u091a\u094b\u0915\u092e\u093e \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?<\/td>\n pahilo cokm\u0101 b\u0101y\u0101\u0303, hoina?<\/em><\/td>\nLeft at the first intersection, right?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/td>\nho.<\/em><\/td>\nYes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b \u091a\u094b\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n hoina, dosro cokm\u0101.<\/em><\/td>\nNo, at the second intersection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Try It Now<\/h3>\n

    Practise the short exchange.<\/p>\n

    A: \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?
    \nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuparcha, hoina?<\/em>
    \nI should go right, right?<\/p>\n

    B: \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \nhoina, b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em>
    \nNo, please go left.<\/p>\n

    A: \u092f\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0939\u094b, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?
    \nyo b\u0101\u1e6do ho, hoina?<\/em>
    \nThis is the road, right?<\/p>\n

    B: \u0939\u094b, \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0964
    \nho, yah\u012b b\u0101\u1e6do ho.<\/em>
    \nYes, this is the road.<\/p>\n

    Common Direction Exchange<\/h2>\n

    Practise this short conversation.<\/p>\n

    A: \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d, \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?
    \nm\u0101ph garnuhos, basp\u0101rk kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>
    \nExcuse me, which way is the bus station?<\/p>\n

    B: \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
    \ns\u012bdh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos. tyaspachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em>
    \nGo straight. Then turn right.<\/p>\n

    A: \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?
    \nd\u0101y\u0101\u0303, hoina?<\/em>
    \nRight, isn\u2019t it?<\/p>\n

    B: \u0939\u094b, \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u092c\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091b\u0964
    \nho, d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos. basp\u0101rk ag\u0101\u1e0di cha.<\/em>
    \nYes, turn right. The bus station is ahead.<\/p>\n

    A: \u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0964
    \ndhanyaw\u0101d.<\/em>
    \nThank you.<\/p>\n

    Can You Do This Now?<\/h2>\n

    At the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • begin a direction request politely with \u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (m\u0101ph garnuhos<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • ask where a place is using \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • ask which way to go using \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? (kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • understand the difference between \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (kah\u0101\u0303<\/em>) and \u0915\u0924\u093e (kat\u0101<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • give polite directions using \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • use direction words such as \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e (s\u012bdh\u0101<\/em>), \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 (d\u0101y\u0101\u0303<\/em>), \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 (b\u0101y\u0101\u0303<\/em>), and \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f (ag\u0101\u1e0di<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • sequence directions using \u0905\u0928\u093f (ani<\/em>), \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f (tyaspachi<\/em>), and \u092a\u091b\u093f (pachi<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • check understanding with \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928? (hoina?<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • correct directions politely when needed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-363","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":354,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2375,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363\/revisions\/2375"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/354"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/363\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=363"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=363"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}