So far in this chapter, you have learned many important parts of Nepali writing.<\/p>\r\n
You learned:<\/p>\r\n\r\n
In this unit, you will begin putting these parts together.<\/p>\r\n
You will practise reading short Nepali words and simple phrases.<\/p>\r\n
For example:<\/p>\r\n
\u092e\u0928 \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964 The goal of this unit is not to memorize many new words.<\/p>\r\n The main goal is to practise recognizing \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) as reading units.<\/p>\r\n In this unit, you will learn how to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n You do not need to read every word perfectly right away.<\/p>\r\n The goal is to build confidence with short words and phrases.<\/p>\r\n\r\n In Nepali, reading is based on \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\r\n An \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) is one readable syllable block.<\/p>\r\n For example:<\/p>\r\n \u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 When you read Nepali, try not to look at each letter separately.<\/p>\r\n Instead, look for syllable units.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Read Nepali words by looking for \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\r\n\r\n When you see a Nepali word, use these steps:<\/p>\r\n\r\n Example:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c You can read it as:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u093f + \u0924\u093e + \u092c At first, read slowly.<\/p>\r\n With practice, common words will become easier to recognize as whole words.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Many beginner Nepali words are short and follow regular patterns.<\/p>\r\n Read each word first in Devanagari (dewan\u0101gar\u012b<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n Then read the transliteration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n These are common words used in daily life.<\/p>\r\n [table id=540 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Read these words aloud:<\/p>\r\n \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e\u092e Read slowly first.<\/p>\r\n Then read again more naturally.<\/p>\r\n\r\n These words are useful when talking about family and people.<\/p>\r\n [table id=541 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Some family words are used very often in Nepali conversations.<\/p>\r\n Practise saying them clearly and respectfully.<\/p>\r\n\r\n These words are useful in a classroom or learning setting.<\/p>\r\n [table id=542 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Look around your room or classroom.<\/p>\r\n Can you identify any of these items?<\/p>\r\n Say the Nepali word aloud:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0932\u092e \u0915\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u091d\u094b\u0932\u093e Some Nepali words include consonant clusters.<\/p>\r\n These are also called conjuncts.<\/p>\r\n They may look difficult at first, but you can still read them by finding the \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\r\n Examples:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 When you see a word with a conjunct:<\/p>\r\n\r\n The following words contain common conjuncts.<\/p>\r\n Read each conjunct as part of one \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n [table id=544 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Choose five words from the table.<\/p>\r\n For each word:<\/p>\r\n\r\n The consonant \u0930 (ra<\/em>) can appear in different ways in clusters.<\/p>\r\n Sometimes it appears above another consonant.<\/p>\r\n Sometimes it attaches after another consonant.<\/p>\r\n Sometimes it appears below a consonant.<\/p>\r\n [table id=545 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Look at each word.<\/p>\r\n Find where \u0930 (ra<\/em>) appears.<\/p>\r\n Then read the word aloud.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Some words include reduced consonant forms.<\/p>\r\n These are called half-forms.<\/p>\r\n The \u0939\u0932\u0928\u094d\u0924 (halanta<\/em>) removes the built-in a<\/em> sound and allows consonants to join.<\/p>\r\n [table id=546 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Some words may look long, but they are easier when you break them into \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\r\n Example:<\/p>\r\n \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f Try reading it slowly:<\/p>\r\n \u0935\u093f + \u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e + \u0932 + \u092f Some words have consonant + \u092f (ya<\/em>) combinations.<\/p>\r\n Examples:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f [table id=547 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n Break each word into smaller parts.<\/p>\r\n Example:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e + \u0928\u093e + \u0921\u093e Some conjuncts have special shapes.<\/p>\r\n It is helpful to recognize them as whole units.<\/p>\r\n Common special forms include:<\/p>\r\n \u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e [table id=548 \/]<\/p>\r\n\r\n For now, read \u0915\u094d\u0937, \u0924\u094d\u0930, and \u091c\u094d\u091e as complete visual units.<\/p>\r\n You will become more comfortable with them through repeated reading.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Now you will practise reading short phrases and sentences.<\/p>\r\n Read each sentence as grouped \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\r\n Do not rush.<\/p>\r\n Read slowly first.<\/p>\r\n Then read again more naturally.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Read the sentences aloud:<\/p>\r\n \u092f\u094b \u0918\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092e ___ \u0939\u094b\u0964 Now say your own name in the blank.<\/p>\r\n\r\n These phrases are useful in class.<\/p>\r\n Practise reading them aloud and pointing to the object when possible.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Practise asking and answering:<\/p>\r\n \u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b? \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b? \u092e\u0947\u0930\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092e ___ \u0939\u094b\u0964 Use the activity below to practise reading and writing Nepali words and phrases.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Answer the questions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Key Takeaways<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n In this unit, you learned that:<\/p>\r\n\r\n So far in this chapter, you have learned many important parts of Nepali writing.<\/p>\n You learned:<\/p>\n In this unit, you will begin putting these parts together.<\/p>\n You will practise reading short Nepali words and simple phrases.<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n \u092e\u0928 \u092f\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964 The goal of this unit is not to memorize many new words.<\/p>\n The main goal is to practise recognizing \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) as reading units.<\/p>\n In this unit, you will learn how to:<\/p>\n You do not need to read every word perfectly right away.<\/p>\n The goal is to build confidence with short words and phrases.<\/p>\n In Nepali, reading is based on \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\n An \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) is one readable syllable block.<\/p>\n For example:<\/p>\n \u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 When you read Nepali, try not to look at each letter separately.<\/p>\n Instead, look for syllable units.<\/p>\n Read Nepali words by looking for \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 (ak\u1e63ara<\/em>) units.<\/p>\n When you see a Nepali word, use these steps:<\/p>\n Example:<\/p>\n \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c You can read it as:<\/p>\n \u0915\u093f + \u0924\u093e + \u092c At first, read slowly.<\/p>\n With practice, common words will become easier to recognize as whole words.<\/p>\n Many beginner Nepali words are short and follow regular patterns.<\/p>\n Read each word first in Devanagari (dewan\u0101gar\u012b<\/em>).<\/p>\n Then read the transliteration.<\/p>\n These are common words used in daily life.<\/p>\n \n <\/p>\n Read these words aloud:<\/p>\n \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e\u092e Read slowly first.<\/p>\n Then read again more naturally.<\/p>\n These words are useful when talking about family and people.<\/p>\n \n
man<\/em>
mind; heart; feeling<\/p>\r\n
yo kit\u0101b ho.<\/em>
This is a book.<\/p>\r\n\r\n \t
1. Reading Nepali Words<\/h2>\r\n
ka<\/em><\/p>\r\n
k\u0101<\/em><\/p>\r\n
ki<\/em><\/p>\r\n
man<\/em><\/p>\r\n
p\u0101n\u012b<\/em><\/p>\r\nSimple Rule<\/h3>\r\n
2. A Simple Reading Strategy<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n \t
kit\u0101b<\/em>
book<\/p>\r\n
ki + t\u0101 + b<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\nLearner Tip<\/h3>\r\n
3. Common Simple Words<\/h2>\r\n
4. Everyday Nouns<\/h2>\r\n
Try It Now<\/h2>\r\n
ghar<\/em><\/p>\r\n
p\u0101n\u012b<\/em><\/p>\r\n
n\u0101m<\/em><\/p>\r\n
k\u0101m<\/em><\/p>\r\n5. Family Words<\/h2>\r\n
Learner Tip<\/h2>\r\n
6. School and Daily Items<\/h2>\r\n
Try It Now<\/h3>\r\n
kit\u0101b<\/em><\/p>\r\n
kalam<\/em><\/p>\r\n
k\u0101p\u012b<\/em><\/p>\r\n
jhol\u0101<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n7. Words with Conjuncts and Half-Forms<\/h2>\r\n
kak\u1e63\u0101<\/em>
class; classroom<\/p>\r\n
mitra<\/em>
friend<\/p>\r\n
pra\u015bna<\/em>
question<\/p>\r\n\r\nReading Strategy<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n \t
8. Common Conjunct Words<\/h2>\r\n
Quick Task<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n \t
9. Words with \u0930 (ra<\/em>) Clusters<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
Quick Task<\/h2>\r\n
10. Words with Half-Forms<\/h2>\r\n
Learner Tip<\/h2>\r\n
widy\u0101laya<\/em>
school<\/p>\r\n
wi + dy\u0101 + la + ya<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n11. Words with \u092f (ya<\/em>) Clusters<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
kya<\/em><\/p>\r\n
bya<\/em><\/p>\r\nQuick Task<\/h2>\r\n
ky\u0101n\u0101\u1e0d\u0101<\/em><\/p>\r\n
ky\u0101 + n\u0101 + \u1e0d\u0101<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n12. Words with Special Conjunct Shapes<\/h2>\r\n
k\u1e63a<\/em><\/p>\r\n
tra<\/em><\/p>\r\n
j\u00f1a \/ gya<\/em><\/p>\r\nLearner Tip<\/h2>\r\n
13. Simple Phrases<\/h2>\r\n
14. Everyday Phrases<\/h2>\r\n[table id=549 \/]\r\n
Try It Now<\/h2>\r\n
yo ghar ho.<\/em><\/p>\r\n
yo kit\u0101b ho.<\/em><\/p>\r\n
mero n\u0101m ___ ho.<\/em><\/p>\r\n15. Classroom Phrases<\/h2>\r\n[table id=550 \/]\r\n
Learner Tip<\/h2>\r\n
16. Questions<\/h2>\r\n[table id=551 \/]\r\n
Try It Now<\/h2>\r\n
yo ke ho?<\/em>
What is this?<\/p>\r\n
yo kit\u0101b ho.<\/em>
This is a book.<\/p>\r\n
tap\u0101\u012b\u0303ko n\u0101m ke ho?<\/em>
What is your name?<\/p>\r\n
mero n\u0101m ___ ho.<\/em>
My name is ___.<\/p>\r\n\r\n17. Practice Activity<\/h2>\r\n
Review Questions<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n \t
Self Reflection<\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"115\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n \t
Overview<\/h2>\n
\n
man<\/em>
mind; heart; feeling<\/p>\n
yo kit\u0101b ho.<\/em>
This is a book.<\/p>\n\n
1. Reading Nepali Words<\/h2>\n
ka<\/em><\/p>\n
k\u0101<\/em><\/p>\n
ki<\/em><\/p>\n
man<\/em><\/p>\n
p\u0101n\u012b<\/em><\/p>\nSimple Rule<\/h3>\n
2. A Simple Reading Strategy<\/h2>\n
\n
kit\u0101b<\/em>
book<\/p>\n
ki + t\u0101 + b<\/em><\/p>\nLearner Tip<\/h3>\n
3. Common Simple Words<\/h2>\n
4. Everyday Nouns<\/h2>\n
Table 1.8.1 \u2013 Everyday Nouns<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nNepali<\/th>\n Transliteration<\/th>\n English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n \u0918\u0930<\/td>\n ghar<\/em><\/td>\n house; home<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/td>\n p\u0101n\u012b<\/em><\/td>\n water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/td>\n n\u0101m<\/em><\/td>\n name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0926\u0942\u0927<\/td>\n d\u016bdh<\/em><\/td>\n milk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0926\u093f\u0928<\/td>\n din<\/em><\/td>\n day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0930\u093e\u0924<\/td>\n r\u0101t<\/em><\/td>\n night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b<\/td>\n b\u0101\u1e6do<\/em><\/td>\n road; path; way<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0915\u093e\u092e<\/td>\n k\u0101m<\/em><\/td>\n work; task<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Try It Now<\/h2>\n
ghar<\/em><\/p>\n
p\u0101n\u012b<\/em><\/p>\n
n\u0101m<\/em><\/p>\n
k\u0101m<\/em><\/p>\n5. Family Words<\/h2>\n
Table 1.8.2 \u2013 Family Words<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nNepali<\/th>\n Transliteration<\/th>\n English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n \u0906\u092e\u093e<\/td>\n \u0101m\u0101<\/em><\/td>\n