{"id":78,"date":"2025-12-25T01:12:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T06:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-2-unit-4-grammar-focus\/"},"modified":"2026-05-24T00:13:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T04:13:05","slug":"chapter-2-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/chapter\/chapter-2-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"

Respectful Endings in Polite Requests<\/h2>\r\nIn Nepali, polite requests are often formed with the respectful ending \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>). This ending makes the verb polite and respectful. It is commonly used with strangers, elders, teachers, guests, and in public or formal situations.\r\n\r\nCommon examples:\r\n\r\n\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\n\u0101unuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease come.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nbasnuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease sit.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nbolnuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease speak.\r\n\r\n\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nbhannuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease say. \/ Please tell.\r\n\r\n\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\ngarnuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease do.\r\n\r\nIn everyday spoken Nepali, shorter forms are also very common:\r\n\r\n\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\r\n\u0101unus<\/em>\r\nPlease come.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\r\nbasnus<\/em>\r\nPlease sit.\r\n\r\n\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\r\nbhannus<\/em>\r\nPlease say. \/ Please tell.\r\n\r\nBoth the full forms and the shorter spoken forms are widely used. In this book, the full form \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>) is introduced first because it is clear, respectful, and easy for learners to recognize.\r\n

Politeness and \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e<\/h3>\r\nIn Nepali, politeness is usually shown through the verb ending itself. For this reason, the word \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e (k\u1e5bpay\u0101<\/em>), meaning \u201cplease,\u201d is optional.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nbasnuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease sit.\r\n\r\n\u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964\r\nk\u1e5bpay\u0101 basnuhos.<\/em>\r\nPlease sit.\r\n\r\nBoth are correct, but \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (basnuhos<\/em>) is already polite. \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (k\u1e5bpay\u0101 basnuhos<\/em>) sounds more formal and may be used in public announcements, written instructions, or very formal situations.\r\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nChange each verb into a polite request.\r\n\r\n\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\r\n\u0101unu<\/em>\r\nto come\r\n\r\n\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\n\u0101unuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease come.\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\r\nbasnu<\/em>\r\nto sit\r\n\r\n\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nbasnuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease sit.\r\n\r\n\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\r\nbhannu<\/em>\r\nto say \/ to tell\r\n\r\n\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\nbhannuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease say. \/ Please tell.\r\n\r\n\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\r\ngarnu<\/em>\r\nto do\r\n\r\n\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\r\ngarnuhos<\/em>\r\nPlease do.\r\n

Common Phrase Endings: \u091b \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928<\/h2>\r\nMany useful Nepali expressions end with \u091b (cha<\/em>) or \u091b\u0948\u0928 (chaina<\/em>).\r\n\r\n\u091b (cha<\/em>) often shows that something exists, is present, or is in a certain condition.\r\n\r\n\u091b\u0948\u0928 (chaina<\/em>) is the negative form. It means \u201cis not,\u201d \u201cdoes not exist,\u201d or \u201cis not present,\u201d depending on the context.\r\n\r\nAt this stage, learn these expressions as complete phrases.\r\n\r\nCommon examples:\r\n\r\n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u091b\u0964\r\nsw\u0101gat cha.<\/em>\r\nWelcome.\r\n\r\n\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0964\r\n\u1e6dh\u012bk cha.<\/em>\r\nOkay. \/ All right.\r\n\r\n\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n\u1e6dh\u012bk chaina.<\/em>\r\nNot okay. \/ Not all right.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u093e\u0939\u093e \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\nmal\u0101\u012b th\u0101h\u0101 chaina.<\/em>\r\nI don\u2019t know.\r\n

Learner Tip<\/h3>\r\nDo not worry about the full grammar of \u091b (cha<\/em>) and \u091b\u0948\u0928 (chaina<\/em>) yet. For now, memorize these phrases as useful everyday expressions. You will study \u091b \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928 in more detail in later sections.\r\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\r\nRead each phrase aloud.\r\n\r\n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u091b\u0964\r\nsw\u0101gat cha.<\/em>\r\nWelcome.\r\n\r\n\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0964\r\n\u1e6dh\u012bk cha.<\/em>\r\nOkay.\r\n\r\n\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\n\u1e6dh\u012bk chaina.<\/em>\r\nNot okay.\r\n\r\n\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u093e\u0939\u093e \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964\r\nmal\u0101\u012b th\u0101h\u0101 chaina.<\/em>\r\nI don\u2019t know.","rendered":"

Respectful Endings in Polite Requests<\/h2>\n

In Nepali, polite requests are often formed with the respectful ending \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>). This ending makes the verb polite and respectful. It is commonly used with strangers, elders, teachers, guests, and in public or formal situations.<\/p>\n

Common examples:<\/p>\n

\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\n\u0101unuhos<\/em>
\nPlease come.<\/p>\n

\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\nbasnuhos<\/em>
\nPlease sit.<\/p>\n

\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\nbolnuhos<\/em>
\nPlease speak.<\/p>\n

\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\nbhannuhos<\/em>
\nPlease say. \/ Please tell.<\/p>\n

\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\ngarnuhos<\/em>
\nPlease do.<\/p>\n

In everyday spoken Nepali, shorter forms are also very common:<\/p>\n

\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d
\n\u0101unus<\/em>
\nPlease come.<\/p>\n

\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d
\nbasnus<\/em>
\nPlease sit.<\/p>\n

\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d
\nbhannus<\/em>
\nPlease say. \/ Please tell.<\/p>\n

Both the full forms and the shorter spoken forms are widely used. In this book, the full form \u2013\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (\u2013nuhos<\/em>) is introduced first because it is clear, respectful, and easy for learners to recognize.<\/p>\n

Politeness and \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e<\/h3>\n

In Nepali, politeness is usually shown through the verb ending itself. For this reason, the word \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e (k\u1e5bpay\u0101<\/em>), meaning \u201cplease,\u201d is optional.<\/p>\n

For example:<\/p>\n

\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
\nbasnuhos.<\/em>
\nPlease sit.<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964
\nk\u1e5bpay\u0101 basnuhos.<\/em>
\nPlease sit.<\/p>\n

Both are correct, but \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (basnuhos<\/em>) is already polite. \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d (k\u1e5bpay\u0101 basnuhos<\/em>) sounds more formal and may be used in public announcements, written instructions, or very formal situations.<\/p>\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\n

Change each verb into a polite request.<\/p>\n

\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941
\n\u0101unu<\/em>
\nto come<\/p>\n

\u0906\u0909\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\n\u0101unuhos<\/em>
\nPlease come.<\/p>\n

\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941
\nbasnu<\/em>
\nto sit<\/p>\n

\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\nbasnuhos<\/em>
\nPlease sit.<\/p>\n

\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941
\nbhannu<\/em>
\nto say \/ to tell<\/p>\n

\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\nbhannuhos<\/em>
\nPlease say. \/ Please tell.<\/p>\n

\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941
\ngarnu<\/em>
\nto do<\/p>\n

\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d
\ngarnuhos<\/em>
\nPlease do.<\/p>\n

Common Phrase Endings: \u091b \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928<\/h2>\n

Many useful Nepali expressions end with \u091b (cha<\/em>) or \u091b\u0948\u0928 (chaina<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u091b (cha<\/em>) often shows that something exists, is present, or is in a certain condition.<\/p>\n

\u091b\u0948\u0928 (chaina<\/em>) is the negative form. It means \u201cis not,\u201d \u201cdoes not exist,\u201d or \u201cis not present,\u201d depending on the context.<\/p>\n

At this stage, learn these expressions as complete phrases.<\/p>\n

Common examples:<\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u091b\u0964
\nsw\u0101gat cha.<\/em>
\nWelcome.<\/p>\n

\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0964
\n\u1e6dh\u012bk cha.<\/em>
\nOkay. \/ All right.<\/p>\n

\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964
\n\u1e6dh\u012bk chaina.<\/em>
\nNot okay. \/ Not all right.<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u093e\u0939\u093e \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964
\nmal\u0101\u012b th\u0101h\u0101 chaina.<\/em>
\nI don\u2019t know.<\/p>\n

Learner Tip<\/h3>\n

Do not worry about the full grammar of \u091b (cha<\/em>) and \u091b\u0948\u0928 (chaina<\/em>) yet. For now, memorize these phrases as useful everyday expressions. You will study \u091b \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928 in more detail in later sections.<\/p>\n

Try It Now<\/h3>\n

Read each phrase aloud.<\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u091b\u0964
\nsw\u0101gat cha.<\/em>
\nWelcome.<\/p>\n

\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0964
\n\u1e6dh\u012bk cha.<\/em>
\nOkay.<\/p>\n

\u0920\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964
\n\u1e6dh\u012bk chaina.<\/em>
\nNot okay.<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u093e\u0939\u093e \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0964
\nmal\u0101\u012b th\u0101h\u0101 chaina.<\/em>
\nI don\u2019t know.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-78","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":69,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/78","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/78\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1931,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/78\/revisions\/1931"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/69"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/78\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=78"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=78"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=78"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}