{"id":164,"date":"2025-12-02T20:39:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T01:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/part\/chapter-7-existence-and-possession\/"},"modified":"2026-05-24T01:37:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T05:37:30","slug":"chapter-7-existence-and-possession","status":"publish","type":"part","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/part\/chapter-7-existence-and-possession\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 7 \u2013 Existence and Possession","rendered":"Chapter 7 \u2013 Existence and Possession"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Overview<\/h1>\r\n<div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In earlier chapters, you learned \u0939\u094b (<i>ho<\/i>) \/ \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<i>hun<\/i>), which are used for identity and classification (\u201cI am a teacher,\u201d \u201cThis is a book\u201d).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In this chapter, you will learn the \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) forms of \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941 (<i>hunu<\/i>), which are used differently. These forms express existence, presence, availability, and possession\u2014literally meaning \u201cit exists.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">You will practise \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d (<i>chan<\/i>) and their negative forms \u091b\u0948\u0928 (<i>chaina<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d (<i>chainan<\/i>) in everyday situations, such as:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">saying what is here or there (\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>yah\u0101\u0303<\/i> \/ \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>tyah\u0101\u0303<\/i>)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">asking \u201chow many?\u201d (\u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? <i>kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/i> \/ \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? <i>kati jan\u0101?<\/i>)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">using numbers 1\u201310 with classifiers (\u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e <i>-wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/i> for things, \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e <i>-jan\u0101<\/i> for people)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to ask and answer practical questions about what is in places like a classroom, caf\u00e9, shop, or hotel, and express possession or lack of possession using \u0938\u0901\u0917 <i>sa\u1e45ga<\/i> \u201cwith.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"p2\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">ask and answer existence questions using \u091b? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>cha?<\/i><\/span>) and \u091b\u0928\u094d? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>chan?<\/i><\/span>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">use the negative forms \u091b\u0948\u0928 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>chaina<\/i><\/span>) and \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d (<span class=\"s2\"><i>chainan<\/i><\/span>) accurately<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">use \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>yah\u0101\u0303<\/i><\/span>) and \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>tyah\u0101\u0303<\/i><\/span>) to say \u201chere\u201d and \u201cthere\u201d in full sentences<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">use the numerals \u0967\u2013\u0967\u0966 with \u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e (<span class=\"s2\"><i>\u2013wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/i><\/span>) for things and \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e (<span class=\"s2\"><i>\u2013jan\u0101<\/i><\/span>) for people<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">ask \u201chow many?\u201d using \u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/i><\/span>) and \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>kati jan\u0101?<\/i><\/span>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\">express possession using \u092e\u0938\u0901\u0917 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>masa\u1e45ga<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">), \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0938\u0901\u0917 (<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303sa\u1e45ga<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">), and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0901\u0917 (<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><i>uh\u0101\u0303sa\u1e45ga<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">) + noun + \u091b (<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><i>cha<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p3\">recognize how existence questions can also function as polite requests in caf\u00e9s, shops, hotels, and other everyday settings.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h1>Overview<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p class=\"p1\">In earlier chapters, you learned \u0939\u094b (<i>ho<\/i>) \/ \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<i>hun<\/i>), which are used for identity and classification (\u201cI am a teacher,\u201d \u201cThis is a book\u201d).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In this chapter, you will learn the \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) forms of \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941 (<i>hunu<\/i>), which are used differently. These forms express existence, presence, availability, and possession\u2014literally meaning \u201cit exists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You will practise \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d (<i>chan<\/i>) and their negative forms \u091b\u0948\u0928 (<i>chaina<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d (<i>chainan<\/i>) in everyday situations, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">saying what is here or there (\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>yah\u0101\u0303<\/i> \/ \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>tyah\u0101\u0303<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">asking \u201chow many?\u201d (\u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? <i>kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/i> \/ \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? <i>kati jan\u0101?<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">using numbers 1\u201310 with classifiers (\u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e <i>-wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/i> for things, \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e <i>-jan\u0101<\/i> for people)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to ask and answer practical questions about what is in places like a classroom, caf\u00e9, shop, or hotel, and express possession or lack of possession using \u0938\u0901\u0917 <i>sa\u1e45ga<\/i> \u201cwith.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"p2\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">ask and answer existence questions using \u091b? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>cha?<\/i><\/span>) and \u091b\u0928\u094d? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>chan?<\/i><\/span>)<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">use the negative forms \u091b\u0948\u0928 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>chaina<\/i><\/span>) and \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d (<span class=\"s2\"><i>chainan<\/i><\/span>) accurately<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">use \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>yah\u0101\u0303<\/i><\/span>) and \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>tyah\u0101\u0303<\/i><\/span>) to say \u201chere\u201d and \u201cthere\u201d in full sentences<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">use the numerals \u0967\u2013\u0967\u0966 with \u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e (<span class=\"s2\"><i>\u2013wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/i><\/span>) for things and \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e (<span class=\"s2\"><i>\u2013jan\u0101<\/i><\/span>) for people<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">ask \u201chow many?\u201d using \u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/i><\/span>) and \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? (<span class=\"s2\"><i>kati jan\u0101?<\/i><\/span>)<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">express possession using \u092e\u0938\u0901\u0917 (<span class=\"s2\"><i>masa\u1e45ga<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">), \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0938\u0901\u0917 (<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><i>tap\u0101\u012b\u0303sa\u1e45ga<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">), and \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0901\u0917 (<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><i>uh\u0101\u0303sa\u1e45ga<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">) + noun + \u091b (<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><i>cha<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p3\">recognize how existence questions can also function as polite requests in caf\u00e9s, shops, hotels, and other everyday settings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_part_invisible":false,"pb_part_invisible_string":""},"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-164","part","type-part","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/part"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2487,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/164\/revisions\/2487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=164"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepali\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}