{"id":2817,"date":"2025-12-16T01:10:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T06:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2817"},"modified":"2026-04-26T15:45:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T19:45:48","slug":"chapter-17-unit-4-grammar-focus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/chapter\/chapter-17-unit-4-grammar-focus\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus","rendered":"Unit 4 \u2014 Grammar Focus"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Giving Directions<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In everyday direction-giving\u2014especially with strangers, elders, teachers, or other non-intimate interlocutors\u2014Nepali typically uses respectful (High) register. Politeness is encoded morphosyntactically through verb morphology, particularly the honorific ending -nuhos. In addition, speakers prefer short, sequential clauses and question-based requests, rather than direct imperatives.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Interaction opener<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">A common discourse strategy is to begin with a polite opener before asking a question. m\u0101ph garnuhos (\u201cexcuse me\u201d) is used to initiate interaction and establish politeness.<\/p>\r\n[table id=395 \/]\r\n<h2>Polite asking<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Direction requests are typically formulated as questions using modal or honorific verb forms rather than imperatives. This produces indirectness and politeness. The form -huncha \/ -hunuhuncha is commonly used to soften requests.<\/p>\r\n[table id=397 \/]\r\n<h2>Polite instructions<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">When giving directions, Nepali uses the honorific imperative suffix -nuhos. The subject is usually omitted, as politeness is encoded in the verb morphology. Directions are typically expressed as short sequential clauses.<\/p>\r\n[table id=396 \/]\r\n<h1 id=\"wherequestionsforplacesinnepali\">Where\u2011Questions for Places in Nepali<\/h1>\r\n<div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In Nepali, location questions use the existential verb \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>). This reflects a grammatical distinction between existence\/location (\u091b) and identification (\u0939\u094b). Two interrogative forms are central:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<i>kah\u0101\u0303<\/i>) \u2192 asks for a location (place)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0924\u093e (<i>kat\u0101<\/i>) \u2192 asks for direction (route\/which way)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 id=\"1kahchhaaskingforgenerallocation\">1) \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (<em>kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>)<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? asks for a fixed location (place identification). Answers typically provide location phrases.<\/p>\r\n[table id=398 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=399 \/]\r\n<h2 id=\"2katchhaaskingfordirectionwhichway\">2) \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? (<em>kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>)<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? asks for direction rather than a fixed place. Responses typically include route instructions rather than location names.<\/p>\r\n[table id=400 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=401 \/]\r\n<div>\r\n<h1>Sequencing: \u0905\u0928\u093f, \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f, \u092a\u091b\u093f<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Direction-giving is structured as a sequence of short clauses. Discourse markers indicate order:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0905\u0928\u093f (<i>ani<\/i>) \u2192 \u201cand then\u201d<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f (<i>tyaspachi<\/i>) \u2192 \u201cthen\/after that\u201d<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u092a\u091b\u093f (<i>pachi<\/i>) \u2192 \u201cafter (a landmark\/action)\u201d<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[table id=402 \/]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Clarifying and repairing<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Direction-giving often involves confirmation and repair. A common strategy is tag confirmation using hoina? (\u201cright?\u201d). Responses are typically minimal (ho \/ hoina) followed by correction if needed.<\/p>\r\n[table id=404 \/]","rendered":"<h1>Giving Directions<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">In everyday direction-giving\u2014especially with strangers, elders, teachers, or other non-intimate interlocutors\u2014Nepali typically uses respectful (High) register. Politeness is encoded morphosyntactically through verb morphology, particularly the honorific ending -nuhos. In addition, speakers prefer short, sequential clauses and question-based requests, rather than direct imperatives.<\/p>\n<h2>Interaction opener<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">A common discourse strategy is to begin with a polite opener before asking a question. m\u0101ph garnuhos (\u201cexcuse me\u201d) is used to initiate interaction and establish politeness.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-395-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-395\">Table 17.4.1 \u2013 Polite openers: starting a directions question<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-395\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-395\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-395-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>m\u0101ph garnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Excuse me.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>m\u0101ph garnuhos. najikko bas s\u1e6dap kat\u0101 cha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Excuse me. Where is the nearest bus stop (which way)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>m\u0101ph garnuhos. aspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Excuse me. Where is the hospital?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-395 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Polite asking<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Direction requests are typically formulated as questions using modal or honorific verb forms rather than imperatives. This produces indirectness and politeness. The form -huncha \/ -hunuhuncha is commonly used to soften requests.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-397-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-397\">Table 17.4.2 \u2013 Polite requests for help (question form)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-397\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-397\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-397-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ke tap\u0101\u012b\u0303 maddat garna saknuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Can you help?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>k\u1e5bpay\u0101 b\u0101\u1e6do bat\u0101idinuhuncha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Could you please tell me the way?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-397 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2>Polite instructions<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">When giving directions, Nepali uses the honorific imperative suffix -nuhos. The subject is usually omitted, as politeness is encoded in the verb morphology. Directions are typically expressed as short sequential clauses.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-396-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-396\">Table 17.4.3 \u2013 Polite route-step commands<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-396\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-396\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-396-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092f\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091f\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>yo b\u0101\u1e6do sidh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Go straight on this road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Turn left.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>pul p\u0101r garnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Cross the bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-396 from cache --><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"wherequestionsforplacesinnepali\">Where\u2011Questions for Places in Nepali<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p class=\"p1\">In Nepali, location questions use the existential verb \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>). This reflects a grammatical distinction between existence\/location (\u091b) and identification (\u0939\u094b). Two interrogative forms are central:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 (<i>kah\u0101\u0303<\/i>) \u2192 asks for a location (place)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0924\u093e (<i>kat\u0101<\/i>) \u2192 asks for direction (route\/which way)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"1kahchhaaskingforgenerallocation\">1) \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? (<em>kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em>)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b? asks for a fixed location (place identification). Answers typically provide location phrases.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-398-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-398\">Table 17.4.4 \u2013 \u201cWhere is it?\u201d questions (place\/location)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-398\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-398\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-398-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>aspat\u0101l kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Where is the hospital?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>bas s\u1e6dap kah\u0101\u0303 cha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Where is the bus stop?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-398 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-399-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-399\">Table 17.4.5 \u2013 Answers to kah\u0101\u0303 cha?: location phrases (in\/near\/in front of)<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-399\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-399\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-399-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902\u092e\u093e \u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>k\u0101\u1e6dhm\u0101\u1e0dau\u0303m\u0101 cha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">It is in Kathmandu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093f \u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>sk\u016blko ag\u0101\u1e0di cha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">It is in front of the school.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>baj\u0101r najik cha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">It is near the market.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-399 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2katchhaaskingfordirectionwhichway\">2) \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? (<em>kat\u0101 cha?<\/em>)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b? asks for direction rather than a fixed place. Responses typically include route instructions rather than location names.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-400-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-400\">Table 17.4.6 \u2013 \u201cWhich way?\u201d questions (direction\/route): kat\u0101 cha?<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-400\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-400\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-400-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>najikko bai\u1e45k kat\u0101 cha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Where is the nearest bank (which way)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0928\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0915\u0924\u093e \u091b?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>najikko bas s\u1e6dap kat\u0101 cha?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Where is the nearest bus stop (which way)?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-400 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-401-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-401\">Table 17.4.7 \u2013 Answers to kat\u0101 cha?: short direction steps<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-401\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-401\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-401-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0938\u093f\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>sidh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Go straight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Turn right.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901\u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f \u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>b\u0101y\u0101\u0303pa\u1e6d\u1e6di cha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">It\u2019s on the left side.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-401 from cache --><\/p>\n<div>\n<h1>Sequencing: \u0905\u0928\u093f, \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f, \u092a\u091b\u093f<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">Direction-giving is structured as a sequence of short clauses. Discourse markers indicate order:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0905\u0928\u093f (<i>ani<\/i>) \u2192 \u201cand then\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f (<i>tyaspachi<\/i>) \u2192 \u201cthen\/after that\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u092a\u091b\u093f (<i>pachi<\/i>) \u2192 \u201cafter (a landmark\/action)\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-402-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-402\">Table 17.4.8 \u2013 Sequencing steps in directions: ani \/ tyaspachi \/ pachi<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-402\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-402\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-402-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0905\u0928\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ani sidh\u0101 j\u0101nuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">And then go straight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u092a\u091b\u093f 14th Street \u092e\u093e \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>tyaspachi 14th Street m\u0101 b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Then turn left on 14th Street.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>bai\u1e45kpachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 mo\u1e0dnuhos.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">After the bank turn right.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u092a\u091b\u093f \u092c\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u092a \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>pul p\u0101r garepachi bas s\u1e6dap d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 cha.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">After crossing the bridge the bus stop is on the right.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-402 from cache --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Clarifying and repairing<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">Direction-giving often involves confirmation and repair. A common strategy is tag confirmation using hoina? (\u201cright?\u201d). Responses are typically minimal (ho \/ hoina) followed by correction if needed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-404-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-404\">Table 17.4.9 \u2013 Checking and correcting<\/h2>\n<table id=\"tablepress-404\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-404\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-404-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Nepali<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Transliteration<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <em>pul p\u0101r garepachi d\u0101y\u0101\u0303 hoina?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">On the right after crossing the bridge, right?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u094b \u091a\u094b\u0915\u092e\u093e \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928?<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <em>pahilo cokm\u0101 b\u0101y\u0101\u0303 hoina?<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Left at the first intersection,  right?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u094b\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><em>ho.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">Yes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u094b\u0907\u0928, \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b \u091a\u094b\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"> <em>hoina,  dosro cokm\u0101.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">No, at the second intersection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-404 from cache --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2466,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2817","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":2800,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2466"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2817\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12278,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2817\/revisions\/12278"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2800"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2817\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2817"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2817"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}