{"id":3015,"date":"2025-12-25T14:58:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T19:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3015"},"modified":"2026-05-15T21:43:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T01:43:59","slug":"chapter-1-unit-5-constructing-syllables","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/chapter\/chapter-1-unit-5-constructing-syllables\/","title":{"raw":"Unit 5 \u2014 Constructing Syllables","rendered":"Unit 5 \u2014 Constructing Syllables"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 data-section-id=\"1og5t7q\" data-start=\"48\" data-end=\"63\"><span role=\"text\">Overview<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"245\">In this unit, you will learn how Nepali consonants combine with vowel signs to form syllable blocks called <em data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"405\">[pb_glossary id=\"7989\"]ak\u1e63ara[\/pb_glossary]<\/em>. This practice is known as <em data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"445\">[pb_glossary id=\"7968\"]b\u0101hrakhar\u012b[\/pb_glossary]<\/em>, and it is one of the foundational steps in learning to read and write <em data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"529\">[pb_glossary id=\"7988\"]devan\u0101gar\u012b[\/pb_glossary]<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"247\" data-end=\"266\">The idea is simple:<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"434\">You take <strong data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"294\">one consonant<\/strong> (for example \u0915 <em data-start=\"310\" data-end=\"314\">ka<\/em>) and combine it with <strong data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"356\">all vowel sounds<\/strong> by adding vowel signs (<em>m\u0101tr\u0101<\/em>). This produces a full set of syllables such as:<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"477\">\u0915, \u0915\u093e, \u0915\u093f, \u0915\u0940, \u0915\u0941, \u0915\u0942, \u0915\u0943, \u0915\u0947, \u0915\u0948, \u0915\u094b, \u0915\u094c<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"479\" data-end=\"544\">Each of these is read as a <strong data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"543\">single <em>ak\u1e63ara<\/em> (one syllable unit)<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"546\" data-end=\"585\">Through b\u0101hrakhari practice, you learn:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"753\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"82zvpz\" data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"627\">how vowel signs attach to consonants<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"jdok6u\" data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"690\">how vowel sounds change while the consonant stays constant<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1me6x9t\" data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"753\">how most Nepali words are constructed from syllable blocks<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 data-section-id=\"6owqhi\" data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"798\"><span role=\"text\">Building Nepali Syllable Blocks<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"872\">In Nepali, reading is based on <strong data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"847\"><em>ak\u1e63ara<\/em> units<\/strong>, not individual letters.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"921\">Each ak\u1e63ara is read as one complete sound unit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-section-id=\"18y8yqu\" data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"944\"><span role=\"text\">Core patterns<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"981\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1wk6dns\" data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"981\">A consonant with inherent vowel:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"992\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1egtii\" data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"992\">\u0915 = <em data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"992\">ka<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1020\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1xhtizb\" data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1020\">Consonant + vowel sign:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1060\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"16tsdqs\" data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1034\">\u0915\u093e = <em data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1032\">k\u0101<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"17dc8t9\" data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1048\">\u0915\u093f = <em data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1046\">ki<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"18vwxqr\" data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1060\">\u0915\u0943 = <em data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1060\">k\u1e5b<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1091\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1w5s27\" data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1091\">Consonant cluster + vowel:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1106\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"ksy9pc\" data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1106\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b = <em data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1106\">kro<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1144\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1qapogq\" data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1144\">Consonant without vowel (<em>halanta<\/em>):<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1155\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1b7c0fa\" data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1155\">\u0915\u094d = <em data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1155\">k<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1t630vs\" data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1173\"><span role=\"text\">Key idea<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1269\">An ak\u1e63ara always contains <strong data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1227\">only one vowel element<\/strong>, even if multiple consonants are present.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-section-id=\"vvquj0\" data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1301\"><span role=\"text\">B\u0101hrakhari Pattern<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1395\">B\u0101hrakhari is a structured syllable grid showing how one consonant combines with all vowels.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1397\" data-end=\"1499\">You read <strong data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1438\">horizontally across each row<\/strong>, keeping the consonant constant and changing only the vowel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-section-id=\"5w2qwy\" data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1530\"><span role=\"text\">Important observation<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1693\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1srz92o\" data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1592\">Some vowel signs appear <strong data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1582\">before the consonant<\/strong> (\u093f <em data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1589\">i<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1kk98xq\" data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1635\">Some appear <strong data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1633\">after, above, or below<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1rkbvb\" data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1693\">The visual position does not change the reading order<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1t630vs\" data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1711\"><span role=\"text\">Key idea<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1787\">Written position \u2260 pronunciation order<br data-start=\"1751\" data-end=\"1754\" \/>You still read: consonant \u2192 vowel<\/p>\r\n[table id=25 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=26 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=27 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=28 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=29 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=30 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=31 \/]\r\n\r\n[table id=32 \/]\r\n<div class=\"textbox videobox\">\r\n<h2>Watch and Practice<\/h2>\r\nWatch a short video (\u22488 minutes) by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@elsantosonlineschool3020\">El Santos Teaches<\/a> on the B\u0101hrakhari system (Hindi-based but applicable to Nepali).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZO8619xZHyk?si=JjkuP95jm9s6a5HR[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h2>Check your understanding<\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"34\"]\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"35\"]\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"58\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox reflectbox\">\r\n<h2>Self Reflection<\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"572\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul data-start=\"6012\" data-end=\"6403\">\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"j4aa17\" data-start=\"6012\" data-end=\"6065\">An ak\u1e63ara is one syllable block in Nepali writing<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"6mnpun\" data-start=\"6066\" data-end=\"6114\">Each consonant carries an inherent vowel <em data-start=\"6109\" data-end=\"6112\">a<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1xbmuxp\" data-start=\"6115\" data-end=\"6180\">Vowel signs (<em>m\u0101tr\u0101<\/em>) modify consonants to create new syllables<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"1ga2cxk\" data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6243\">The halant removes the vowel and produces a bare consonant<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"j2bqph\" data-start=\"6244\" data-end=\"6317\">B\u0101hrakhari is a systematic way to master consonant\u2013vowel combinations<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-section-id=\"qxhpjy\" data-start=\"6318\" data-end=\"6403\">Reading fluency comes from recognizing whole ak\u1e63ara units, not individual letters<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2 data-section-id=\"1og5t7q\" data-start=\"48\" data-end=\"63\"><span role=\"text\">Overview<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"245\">In this unit, you will learn how Nepali consonants combine with vowel signs to form syllable blocks called <em data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"405\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3015_7989\">ak\u1e63ara<\/a><\/em>. This practice is known as <em data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"445\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3015_7968\">b\u0101hrakhar\u012b<\/a><\/em>, and it is one of the foundational steps in learning to read and write <em data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"529\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3015_7988\">devan\u0101gar\u012b<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"247\" data-end=\"266\">The idea is simple:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"434\">You take <strong data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"294\">one consonant<\/strong> (for example \u0915 <em data-start=\"310\" data-end=\"314\">ka<\/em>) and combine it with <strong data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"356\">all vowel sounds<\/strong> by adding vowel signs (<em>m\u0101tr\u0101<\/em>). This produces a full set of syllables such as:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"477\">\u0915, \u0915\u093e, \u0915\u093f, \u0915\u0940, \u0915\u0941, \u0915\u0942, \u0915\u0943, \u0915\u0947, \u0915\u0948, \u0915\u094b, \u0915\u094c<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"479\" data-end=\"544\">Each of these is read as a <strong data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"543\">single <em>ak\u1e63ara<\/em> (one syllable unit)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"546\" data-end=\"585\">Through b\u0101hrakhari practice, you learn:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"753\">\n<li data-section-id=\"82zvpz\" data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"627\">how vowel signs attach to consonants<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"jdok6u\" data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"690\">how vowel sounds change while the consonant stays constant<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1me6x9t\" data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"753\">how most Nepali words are constructed from syllable blocks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"6owqhi\" data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"798\"><span role=\"text\">Building Nepali Syllable Blocks<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"872\">In Nepali, reading is based on <strong data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"847\"><em>ak\u1e63ara<\/em> units<\/strong>, not individual letters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"921\">Each ak\u1e63ara is read as one complete sound unit.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"18y8yqu\" data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"944\"><span role=\"text\">Core patterns<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"981\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1wk6dns\" data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"981\">A consonant with inherent vowel:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"992\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1egtii\" data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"992\">\u0915 = <em data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"992\">ka<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\" data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1020\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1xhtizb\" data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1020\">Consonant + vowel sign:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1060\">\n<li data-section-id=\"16tsdqs\" data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1034\">\u0915\u093e = <em data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1032\">k\u0101<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17dc8t9\" data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1048\">\u0915\u093f = <em data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1046\">ki<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"18vwxqr\" data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1060\">\u0915\u0943 = <em data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1060\">k\u1e5b<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1091\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1w5s27\" data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1091\">Consonant cluster + vowel:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1106\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ksy9pc\" data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1106\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b = <em data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1106\">kro<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\" data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1144\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1qapogq\" data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1144\">Consonant without vowel (<em>halanta<\/em>):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1155\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1b7c0fa\" data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1155\">\u0915\u094d = <em data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1155\">k<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1t630vs\" data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1173\"><span role=\"text\">Key idea<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1269\">An ak\u1e63ara always contains <strong data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1227\">only one vowel element<\/strong>, even if multiple consonants are present.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"vvquj0\" data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1301\"><span role=\"text\">B\u0101hrakhari Pattern<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1395\">B\u0101hrakhari is a structured syllable grid showing how one consonant combines with all vowels.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1397\" data-end=\"1499\">You read <strong data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1438\">horizontally across each row<\/strong>, keeping the consonant constant and changing only the vowel.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"5w2qwy\" data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1530\"><span role=\"text\">Important observation<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1693\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1srz92o\" data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1592\">Some vowel signs appear <strong data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1582\">before the consonant<\/strong> (\u093f <em data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1589\">i<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1kk98xq\" data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1635\">Some appear <strong data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1633\">after, above, or below<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1rkbvb\" data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1693\">The visual position does not change the reading order<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1t630vs\" data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1711\"><span role=\"text\">Key idea<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1787\">Written position \u2260 pronunciation order<br data-start=\"1751\" data-end=\"1754\" \/>You still read: consonant \u2192 vowel<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-25-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-25\">Table 1.5.1 - The \u0915-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (ka group)<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-25-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-25\">The \u0915-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (ka group) letters are \u0915, \u0916, \u0917, \u0918, \u0919. Practise one row at a time.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-25\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-25\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-25-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-25-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\"><em>ka<em>group<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0915<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0915\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0915\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0915\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0915\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0915\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0915\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0915\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0915\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0915\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0915\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0915\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0915\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0916\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0916<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0916\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0916\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0916\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0916\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0916\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0916\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0916\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0916\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0916\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0916\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0916\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0916\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0917\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0917<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0917\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0917\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0917\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0917\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0917\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0917\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0917\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0917\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0917\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0917\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0917\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0917\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0918\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0918<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0918\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0918\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0918\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0918\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0918\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0918\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0918\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0918\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0918\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0918\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0918\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0918\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0919\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0919<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0919\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0919\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0919\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0919\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0919\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0919\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0919\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0919\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0919\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0919\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0919\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0919\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-25 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-26-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-26\">Table 1.5.2 - The \u091a-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (ca group)<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-26-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-26\">The \u091a-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (ca group) letters are \u091a, \u091b, \u091c, \u091d, \u091e. Watch for the left-written vowel sign \u093f in forms like \u091a\u093f, \u091b\u093f.<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-26\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-26\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-26-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-26-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">ca group<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091a\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091a\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091a\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091a\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091a\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091a\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091a\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091a\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091a\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091a\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091a\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091a\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091a\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091b\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091b\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091b\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091b\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091b\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091b\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091b\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091b\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091b\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091b\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091b\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091b\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091b\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091c\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091c\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091c\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091c\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091c\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091c\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091c\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091c\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091c\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091c\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091c\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091d\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091d\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091d\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091d\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091d\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091d\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091d\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091d\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091d\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091d\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091d\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091d\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091d\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091e\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091e\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091e\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091e\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091e\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091e\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091e\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091e\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091e\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091e\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091e\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091e\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091e\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-26 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-27-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-27\">Table 1.5.3 - \u091f-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (\u1e6da group)<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-27-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-27\">The \u091f-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (\u1e6da group) letters are \u091f, \u0920, \u0921, \u0922, \u0923. These are a separate series from dentals (\u0924-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917), so keep the sets distinct while practising.<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-27\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-27\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-27-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-27-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">\u1e6da group<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091f\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091f\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091f\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091f\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091f\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091f\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091f\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091f\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091f\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091f\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091f\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091f\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091f\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0920\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0920<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0920\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0920\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0920\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0920\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0920\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0920\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0920\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0920\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0920\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0920\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0920\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0920\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0921\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0921<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0921\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0921\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0921\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0921\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0921\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0921\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0921\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0921\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0921\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0921\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0921\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0921\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0922\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0922<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0922\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0922\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0922\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0922\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0922\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0922\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0922\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0922\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0922\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0922\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0922\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0922\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0923\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0923<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0923\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0923\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0923\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0923\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0923\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0923\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0923\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0923\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0923\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0923\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0923\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0923\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-27 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-28-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-28\">Table 1.5.4 - \u0924-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (ta group)<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-28-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-28\">The \u0924-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (ta group) letters are \u0924, \u0925, \u0926, \u0927, \u0928. These are common in everyday words, so this set is worth extra practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-28\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-28\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-28-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-28-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">ta group<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0924<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0924\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0924\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0924\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0924\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0924\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0924\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0924\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0924\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0924\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0924\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0924\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0925\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0925<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0925\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0925\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0925\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0925\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0925\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0925\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0925\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0925\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0925\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0925\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0925\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0925\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0926\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0926<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0926\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0926\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0926\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0926\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0926\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0926\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0926\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0926\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0926\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0926\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0926\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0926\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0927\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0927<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0927\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0927\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0927\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0927\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0927\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0927\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0927\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0927\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0927\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0927\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0927\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0927\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0928\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0928<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0928\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0928\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0928\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0928\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0928\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0928\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0928\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0928\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0928\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0928\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0928\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0928\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-28 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-29-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-29\">Table 1.5.5. - \u092a-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (pa group)<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-29-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-29\">The \u092a-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (pa group) letters are \u092a, \u092b, \u092c, \u092d, \u092e. Notice how the below vowel signs appear clearly in forms like \u092a\u0941\/\u092a\u0942\/\u092e\u0943.<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-29\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-29\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-29-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-29-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">pa group<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092a\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u092a\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u092a\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u092a\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u092a\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u092a\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u092a\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u092a\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u092a\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u092a\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u092a\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u092a\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u092a\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092b\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u092b\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u092b\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u092b\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u092b\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u092b\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u092b\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u092b\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u092b\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u092b\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u092b\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u092b\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u092b\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092c\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u092c\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u092c\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u092c\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u092c\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u092c\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u092c\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u092c\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u092c\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u092c\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u092c\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u092c\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u092c\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092d\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u092d\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u092d\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u092d\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u092d\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u092d\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u092d\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u092d\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u092d\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u092d\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u092d\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u092d\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u092d\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092e\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u092e\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u092e\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u092e\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u092e\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u092e\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u092e\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u092e\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u092e\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u092e\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u092e\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u092e\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u092e\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-29 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-30-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-30\">Table 1.5.6 - \u092f, \u0930, \u0932, \u0935<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-30-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-30\">These letters (\u092f, \u0930, \u0932, \u0935) combine with vowel signs in the same way as the earlier groups. Pay attention to \u0930\u0941\/\u0930\u0942, where the below vowel sign tucks under the shape.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-30\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-30\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-30-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-30-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">\u092f, \u0930, \u0932, \u0935<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u092f\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u092f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u092f\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u092f\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u092f\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u092f\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u092f\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u092f\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u092f\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u092f\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u092f\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u092f\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u092f\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u092f\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0930\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0930\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0930\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0930\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0930\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0930\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0930\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0930\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0930\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0930\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0930\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0930\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0930\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0932\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0932<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0932\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0932\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0932\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0932\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0932\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0932\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0932\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0932\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0932\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0932\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0932\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0932\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0935\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0935<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0935\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0935\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0935\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0935\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0935\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0935\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0935\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0935\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0935\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0935\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0935\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0935\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-30 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-31-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-31\">Table 1.5.7 - \u0936, \u0937, \u0938, \u0939<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-31-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-31\">This set includes \u0936, \u0937, \u0938, \u0939. Practise them slowly\u2014some learners confuse \u0936\/\u0937\/\u0938 at first, but the vowel-sign pattern is the same.<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-31\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-31\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-31-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-31-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">\u0936, \u0937, \u0938, \u0939<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0936\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0936<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0936\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0936\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0936\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0936\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0936\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0936\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0936\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0936\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0936\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0936\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0936\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0936\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0937\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0937<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0937\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0937\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0937\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0937\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0937\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0937\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0937\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0937\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0937\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0937\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0937\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0937\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0938\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0938<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0938\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0938\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0938\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0938\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0938\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0938\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0938\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0938\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0938\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0938\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0938\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0938\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0939\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0939<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0939\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0939\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0939\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0939\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0939\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0939\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0939\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0939\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0939\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0939\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0939\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-31 from cache --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-32-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-32\">Table 1.5.8 - Common Conjuncts (\u0915\u094d\u0937, \u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u094d\u091e)<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"tablepress-32-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-32\">These are common consonant clusters written as single combined forms (\u0915\u094d\u0937, \u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u094d\u091e).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-32\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-32\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-32-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-32-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n<th colspan=\"14\" class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u094d\u0937, \u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u094d\u091e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0905<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0906<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0907<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0908<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0909<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u090a<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u090b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u090f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0910<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0913<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0914<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0905\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0905\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094d<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">\u091c\u094d\u091e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093f<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-5\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0940<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-6\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0941<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-7\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0942<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-8\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0943<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-9\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0947<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-10\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0948<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-11\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-12\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094c<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-13\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0902<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-14\">\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0903<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-32 from cache --><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox videobox\">\n<h2>Watch and Practice<\/h2>\n<p>Watch a short video (\u22488 minutes) by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@elsantosonlineschool3020\">El Santos Teaches<\/a> on the B\u0101hrakhari system (Hindi-based but applicable to Nepali).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Learning the Hindi BarahKhadi\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZO8619xZHyk?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h2>Check your understanding<\/h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-34\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-34\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"34\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Drag-and-drop activity: place each sign onto the correct location or category. Select and drag each item to its matching drop zone, then choose Check to see your results.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"h5p-35\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-35\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"35\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Build the Syllable: \u0915 + Vowel Signs\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"h5p-58\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-58\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"58\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Practice quiz: match Nepali independent vowels to their dependent vowel signs (m\u0101tr\u0101) and build C+V syllables (B\u0101hr\u0101khari). Complete the questions and select Next to continue.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox reflectbox\">\n<h2>Self Reflection<\/h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-572\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-572\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"572\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Self-Reflection \u2013 B\u0101hrakhar\u012b and Ak\u1e63ara\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul data-start=\"6012\" data-end=\"6403\">\n<li data-section-id=\"j4aa17\" data-start=\"6012\" data-end=\"6065\">An ak\u1e63ara is one syllable block in Nepali writing<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"6mnpun\" data-start=\"6066\" data-end=\"6114\">Each consonant carries an inherent vowel <em data-start=\"6109\" data-end=\"6112\">a<\/em><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1xbmuxp\" data-start=\"6115\" data-end=\"6180\">Vowel signs (<em>m\u0101tr\u0101<\/em>) modify consonants to create new syllables<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ga2cxk\" data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6243\">The halant removes the vowel and produces a bare consonant<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"j2bqph\" data-start=\"6244\" data-end=\"6317\">B\u0101hrakhari is a systematic way to master consonant\u2013vowel combinations<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"qxhpjy\" data-start=\"6318\" data-end=\"6403\">Reading fluency comes from recognizing whole ak\u1e63ara units, not individual letters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_3015_7989\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_3015_7989\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p><em>ak\u1e63ara<\/em> means a syllabic writing unit in <em>devanagari<\/em>\u2014typically a vowel (\u0905) or a consonant with its vowel (\u0915 = <em>ka<\/em>), and it can include vowel sign (<em>m\u0101tr\u0101)<\/em> (\u0915\u093f, \u0915\u093e) or conjuncts (\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0924) as one written unit.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_3015_7968\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_3015_7968\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p><em>b\u0101hrakhar\u012b<\/em> is the traditional <em>devan\u0101gar\u012b<\/em> practice sequence that drills consonants with their vowel forms (especially the twelve vowels), helping learners memorize letter\u2013vowel combinations for reading and writing.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_3015_7988\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_3015_7988\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p><em>devan\u0101gar\u012b <\/em>is the script used to write Nepali (and several other languages), in which most consonant letters include an inherent \u201ca\u201d vowel unless modified by vowel signs.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2466,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Constructing Syllables","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-3015","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":2986,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2466"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12292,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3015\/revisions\/12292"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2986"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3015\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3015"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3015"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}