{"id":2213,"date":"2025-12-02T20:39:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T01:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/?post_type=part&#038;p=2213"},"modified":"2026-04-26T19:58:42","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T23:58:42","slug":"chapter-7-existence-and-possession","status":"publish","type":"part","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/part\/chapter-7-existence-and-possession\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 7 - Existence and Possession","rendered":"Chapter 7 &#8211; Existence and Possession"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Overview<\/h1>\r\n<div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In earlier chapters, you learned \u0939\u094b (<i>ho<\/i>) \/ \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<i>hun<\/i>), which are used for identity and classification (\u201cI am a teacher,\u201d \u201cThis is a book\u201d).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In this chapter, you will learn the \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) forms of \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941 (<i>hunu<\/i>), which are used differently. These forms express existence, presence, availability, and possession\u2014literally meaning \u201cit exists.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">You will practise \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d (<i>chan<\/i>) and their negative forms \u091b\u0948\u0928 (<i>chaina<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d (<i>chainan<\/i>) in everyday situations, such as:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">saying what is here or there (\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>yah\u0101\u0303<\/i> \/ \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>tyah\u0101\u0303<\/i>)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">asking \u201chow many?\u201d (\u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? <i>kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/i> \/ \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? <i>kati jan\u0101?<\/i>)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">using numbers 1\u201310 with classifiers (\u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e <i>-wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/i> for things, \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e <i>-jan\u0101<\/i> for people)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to ask and answer practical questions about what is in places like a classroom, caf\u00e9, shop, or hotel, and express possession or lack of possession using \u0938\u0901\u0917 <i>sa\u1e45ga<\/i> \u201cwith.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"842\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"1379\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"908\">\r\n<p data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"908\">ask and answer existence questions with \u091b <em data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"893\">cha<\/em>? \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d <em data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"907\">chan<\/em>?<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"966\">\r\n<p data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"966\">use negatives \u091b\u0948\u0928 <em data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"937\">chaina<\/em> \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d <em data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"955\">chainan<\/em> accurately<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"1038\">\r\n<p data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1038\">use \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <em data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"985\">yah\u0101\u0303<\/em> and \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <em data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1005\">tyah\u0101\u0303<\/em> (\u201chere\/there\u201d) in full sentences<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1111\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1041\" data-end=\"1111\">use numerals \u0967\u2013\u0967\u0966 with \u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e <em data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1076\">\u2013wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/em> (things) and \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e <em data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1102\">\u2013jan\u0101<\/em> (people)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1182\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1182\">ask \u201chow many?\u201d with \u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? <em data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1156\">kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/em> and \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? <em data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1182\">kati jan\u0101?<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1288\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1288\">express possession with \u092e\u0938\u0901\u0917 <em data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1223\">masa\u0303ga<\/em> \/ \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0901\u0938\u0901\u0917 <em data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1248\">tap\u0101\u012b\u0303sa\u0303ga<\/em> \/ \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0901\u0917 <em data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1270\">uh\u0101\u0303sa\u0303ga<\/em> + noun + \u091b <em data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1288\">cha<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1379\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1379\">recognize how existence questions also function as polite requests in caf\u00e9s\/shops\/hotels<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h1>Overview<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p class=\"p1\">In earlier chapters, you learned \u0939\u094b (<i>ho<\/i>) \/ \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d (<i>hun<\/i>), which are used for identity and classification (\u201cI am a teacher,\u201d \u201cThis is a book\u201d).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In this chapter, you will learn the \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) forms of \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0941 (<i>hunu<\/i>), which are used differently. These forms express existence, presence, availability, and possession\u2014literally meaning \u201cit exists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You will practise \u091b (<i>cha<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d (<i>chan<\/i>) and their negative forms \u091b\u0948\u0928 (<i>chaina<\/i>) \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d (<i>chainan<\/i>) in everyday situations, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">saying what is here or there (\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>yah\u0101\u0303<\/i> \/ \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <i>tyah\u0101\u0303<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">asking \u201chow many?\u201d (\u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? <i>kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/i> \/ \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? <i>kati jan\u0101?<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">using numbers 1\u201310 with classifiers (\u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e <i>-wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/i> for things, \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e <i>-jan\u0101<\/i> for people)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to ask and answer practical questions about what is in places like a classroom, caf\u00e9, shop, or hotel, and express possession or lack of possession using \u0938\u0901\u0917 <i>sa\u1e45ga<\/i> \u201cwith.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"842\">By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"1379\">\n<li data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"908\">\n<p data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"908\">ask and answer existence questions with \u091b <em data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"893\">cha<\/em>? \/ \u091b\u0928\u094d <em data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"907\">chan<\/em>?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"966\">\n<p data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"966\">use negatives \u091b\u0948\u0928 <em data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"937\">chaina<\/em> \/ \u091b\u0948\u0928\u0928\u094d <em data-start=\"946\" data-end=\"955\">chainan<\/em> accurately<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"1038\">\n<p data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1038\">use \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <em data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"985\">yah\u0101\u0303<\/em> and \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <em data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1005\">tyah\u0101\u0303<\/em> (\u201chere\/there\u201d) in full sentences<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1111\">\n<p data-start=\"1041\" data-end=\"1111\">use numerals \u0967\u2013\u0967\u0966 with \u2013\u0935\u091f\u093e <em data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1076\">\u2013wa\u1e6d\u0101<\/em> (things) and \u2013\u091c\u0928\u093e <em data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1102\">\u2013jan\u0101<\/em> (people)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1182\">\n<p data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1182\">ask \u201chow many?\u201d with \u0915\u0924\u093f \u0935\u091f\u093e? <em data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1156\">kati wa\u1e6d\u0101?<\/em> and \u0915\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0928\u093e? <em data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1182\">kati jan\u0101?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1288\">\n<p data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1288\">express possession with \u092e\u0938\u0901\u0917 <em data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1223\">masa\u0303ga<\/em> \/ \u0924\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0901\u0938\u0901\u0917 <em data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1248\">tap\u0101\u012b\u0303sa\u0303ga<\/em> \/ \u0909\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0901\u0917 <em data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1270\">uh\u0101\u0303sa\u0303ga<\/em> + noun + \u091b <em data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1288\">cha<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1379\">\n<p data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1379\">recognize how existence questions also function as polite requests in caf\u00e9s\/shops\/hotels<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_part_invisible":false,"pb_part_invisible_string":""},"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2213","part","type-part","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/part"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11355,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2213\/revisions\/11355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2213"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nepalitestv1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}