{"id":1051,"date":"2021-12-05T14:43:59","date_gmt":"2021-12-05T19:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1051"},"modified":"2022-03-31T17:09:36","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T21:09:36","slug":"concept-map-pain","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/concept-map-pain\/","title":{"raw":"Concept Map: Pain","rendered":"Concept Map: Pain"},"content":{"raw":"<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2684 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM.png\" alt=\"this is a concept map for pain\" width=\"1152\" height=\"652\" \/>\r\n<h3>Long Description<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Pain concept map description:\u00a0<\/strong>This is a concept map that shows the components of pain. It starts with the definition for pain:\u00a0an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Then, the concept map continues through the following categories:\r\n\r\nScope\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Minimal<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Moderate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Severe<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nVariations\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Acute<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chronic<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Nociceptive<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Neuropathic<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAssessment\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>pain scale<\/li>\r\n \t<li>vital signs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>non-verbal (grimacing, moaning, guarding)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>adverse effects of opioids (respiratory depression nausea, pruritis, constipation)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nManagement\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>non-opioids (acetaminophen, salicylates, NSAIDs )<\/li>\r\n \t<li>opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl; Routes - epidural, PCA, tablets, &amp; PRN due to breakthrough pain)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>adjuvant (baclofen, cyclobenzaprine)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Anesthetic (local, regional, general)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Naloxone (for opioid overdose)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nConsequences\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Goal\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"O1\">pain control<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>complications of unrelieved pain\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"O1\">physiological stress response<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"O1\">impaired mobility<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"O1\">chronic pain<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"O1\">sleep disturbances<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPhysiological Process\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Transduction\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">tissue injury &amp; inflammation activate nociceptors<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Transmission\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C fibres transmit the pain impulse to the spinal cord\u00a0 and activate 2nd order neurons that transmit the impulse to the brain<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Perception<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">pain is perceived and responses are activated<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modulation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2684 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM.png\" alt=\"this is a concept map for pain\" width=\"1152\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM.png 1152w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM-1024x580.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM-768x435.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1167\/2021\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-03-31-at-1.44.14-PM-350x198.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1152px) 100vw, 1152px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Long Description<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pain concept map description:\u00a0<\/strong>This is a concept map that shows the components of pain. It starts with the definition for pain:\u00a0an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Then, the concept map continues through the following categories:<\/p>\n<p>Scope<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimal<\/li>\n<li>Moderate<\/li>\n<li>Severe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Variations<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acute<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Chronic<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Nociceptive<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Neuropathic<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Assessment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pain scale<\/li>\n<li>vital signs<\/li>\n<li>non-verbal (grimacing, moaning, guarding)<\/li>\n<li>adverse effects of opioids (respiratory depression nausea, pruritis, constipation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Management<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>non-opioids (acetaminophen, salicylates, NSAIDs )<\/li>\n<li>opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl; Routes &#8211; epidural, PCA, tablets, &amp; PRN due to breakthrough pain)<\/li>\n<li>adjuvant (baclofen, cyclobenzaprine)<\/li>\n<li>Anesthetic (local, regional, general)<\/li>\n<li>Naloxone (for opioid overdose)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Consequences<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Goal\n<ul>\n<li class=\"O1\">pain control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>complications of unrelieved pain\n<ul>\n<li class=\"O1\">physiological stress response<\/li>\n<li class=\"O1\">impaired mobility<\/li>\n<li class=\"O1\">chronic pain<\/li>\n<li class=\"O1\">sleep disturbances<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Physiological Process<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transduction\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">tissue injury &amp; inflammation activate nociceptors<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Transmission\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">C fibres transmit the pain impulse to the spinal cord\u00a0 and activate 2nd order neurons that transmit the impulse to the brain<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Perception<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">pain is perceived and responses are activated<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Modulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"media-attributions clear\" prefix:cc=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/ns#\" prefix:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\"><h2>Media Attributions<\/h2><ul><li >Screen Shot 2022-03-31 at 1.44.14 PM       <\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1267,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1051","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1017,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1267"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2685,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051\/revisions\/2685"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1017"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1051"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1051"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}