{"id":294,"date":"2019-06-25T16:01:55","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T20:01:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/chapter\/summary-of-trace-minerals\/"},"modified":"2019-07-24T02:29:59","modified_gmt":"2019-07-24T06:29:59","slug":"summary-of-trace-minerals","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/chapter\/summary-of-trace-minerals\/","title":{"raw":"Summary of Trace Minerals","rendered":"Summary of Trace Minerals"},"content":{"raw":"Table 8.19 Summary of the Trace Minerals\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Micronutrient<\/td>\r\nSources<\/td>\r\nRecommended Intakes for adults<\/td>\r\nMajor Functions<\/td>\r\nDeficiency diseases and symptoms<\/td>\r\nGroups at risk for deficiency<\/td>\r\nToxicity<\/td>\r\nUL<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iron<\/td>\r\nRed meat, egg yolks, dark leafy vegetables, dried fruit, iron-fortified foods<\/td>\r\n8-18 mg\/day<\/td>\r\nAssists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function<\/td>\r\nAnemia: fatigue, paleness, faster heart rate<\/td>\r\nInfants and preschool children, adolescents, women, pregnant women, athletes, vegetarians<\/td>\r\nLiver damage, increased risk of diabetes and cancer<\/td>\r\n45 mg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Copper<\/td>\r\nNuts, seeds, whole grains, seafood<\/td>\r\n900 mcg\/day<\/td>\r\nAssists in energy production, iron metabolism<\/td>\r\nAnemia: fatigue, paleness, faster heart rate<\/td>\r\nThose who consume excessive zinc supplements<\/td>\r\nVomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, liver damage<\/td>\r\n10 mg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Zinc<\/td>\r\noysters, wheat germ, pumpkin seeds, squash,, beans, sesame seeds, tahini, beef, lamb<\/td>\r\n8-11 mg\/day<\/td>\r\nAssists in energy production, protein, RNA and DNA synthesis; required for hemoglobin synthesis<\/td>\r\nGrowth retardation in children, hair loss, diarrhea, skin sores, loss of appetite, weight loss<\/td>\r\nVegetarians, older adults<\/td>\r\nDepressed immune function<\/td>\r\n40 mg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Selenium<\/td>\r\nMeat, seafood, eggs, nuts<\/td>\r\n55 mcg\/day<\/td>\r\nEssential for thyroid hormone activity<\/td>\r\nFatigue, muscle pain, weakness, Keshan disease<\/td>\r\nPopulations where the soil is low in selenium<\/td>\r\nNausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue<\/td>\r\n400 \u00a0mcg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iodine<\/td>\r\nIodized salt, seaweed, dairy products<\/td>\r\n150 mcg\/day<\/td>\r\nMaking thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development<\/td>\r\nGoiter, cretinism, other signs and symptoms include fatigue, depression, weight gain, itchy skin, low heart-rate<\/td>\r\nPopulations where the soil is low in iodine, and iodized salt is not used<\/td>\r\nEnlarged thyroid<\/td>\r\n1110 mcg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Chromium<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n25-35 mcg\/day<\/td>\r\nAssists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism<\/td>\r\nabnormal glucose metabolism<\/td>\r\nMalnourished children<\/td>\r\nNone<\/td>\r\nND<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Fluoride<\/td>\r\nFluoridated water, foods prepared in fluoridated water, seafood<\/td>\r\n3-4 mg\/day<\/td>\r\nComponent of mineralized bone, provides structure and microarchitecture, stimulates new bone growth<\/td>\r\nIncreased risk of dental caries<\/td>\r\nPopulations with non fluoridated water<\/td>\r\nFluorosis mottled teeth, kidney damage<\/td>\r\n10 mg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Manganese<\/td>\r\nLegumes, nuts, leafy green vegetables<\/td>\r\n1.8-2.3 mg\/day<\/td>\r\nGlucose synthesis, amino-acid catabolism<\/td>\r\nImpaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal glucose metabolism<\/td>\r\nNone<\/td>\r\nNerve damage<\/td>\r\n11 mg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Molybdenum<\/td>\r\nMilk, grains, legumes<\/td>\r\n45 mcg\/day<\/td>\r\nCofactor for a number of enzymes<\/td>\r\nUnknown<\/td>\r\nNone<\/td>\r\nArthritis, joint inflammation<\/td>\r\n2 mg\/day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

Table 8.19 Summary of the Trace Minerals<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Micronutrient<\/td>\nSources<\/td>\nRecommended Intakes for adults<\/td>\nMajor Functions<\/td>\nDeficiency diseases and symptoms<\/td>\nGroups at risk for deficiency<\/td>\nToxicity<\/td>\nUL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iron<\/td>\nRed meat, egg yolks, dark leafy vegetables, dried fruit, iron-fortified foods<\/td>\n8-18 mg\/day<\/td>\nAssists in energy production, DNA synthesis required for red blood cell function<\/td>\nAnemia: fatigue, paleness, faster heart rate<\/td>\nInfants and preschool children, adolescents, women, pregnant women, athletes, vegetarians<\/td>\nLiver damage, increased risk of diabetes and cancer<\/td>\n45 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Copper<\/td>\nNuts, seeds, whole grains, seafood<\/td>\n900 mcg\/day<\/td>\nAssists in energy production, iron metabolism<\/td>\nAnemia: fatigue, paleness, faster heart rate<\/td>\nThose who consume excessive zinc supplements<\/td>\nVomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, liver damage<\/td>\n10 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zinc<\/td>\noysters, wheat germ, pumpkin seeds, squash,, beans, sesame seeds, tahini, beef, lamb<\/td>\n8-11 mg\/day<\/td>\nAssists in energy production, protein, RNA and DNA synthesis; required for hemoglobin synthesis<\/td>\nGrowth retardation in children, hair loss, diarrhea, skin sores, loss of appetite, weight loss<\/td>\nVegetarians, older adults<\/td>\nDepressed immune function<\/td>\n40 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Selenium<\/td>\nMeat, seafood, eggs, nuts<\/td>\n55 mcg\/day<\/td>\nEssential for thyroid hormone activity<\/td>\nFatigue, muscle pain, weakness, Keshan disease<\/td>\nPopulations where the soil is low in selenium<\/td>\nNausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue<\/td>\n400 \u00a0mcg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iodine<\/td>\nIodized salt, seaweed, dairy products<\/td>\n150 mcg\/day<\/td>\nMaking thyroid hormone, metabolism, growth and development<\/td>\nGoiter, cretinism, other signs and symptoms include fatigue, depression, weight gain, itchy skin, low heart-rate<\/td>\nPopulations where the soil is low in iodine, and iodized salt is not used<\/td>\nEnlarged thyroid<\/td>\n1110 mcg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chromium<\/td>\n<\/td>\n25-35 mcg\/day<\/td>\nAssists insulin in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism<\/td>\nabnormal glucose metabolism<\/td>\nMalnourished children<\/td>\nNone<\/td>\nND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fluoride<\/td>\nFluoridated water, foods prepared in fluoridated water, seafood<\/td>\n3-4 mg\/day<\/td>\nComponent of mineralized bone, provides structure and microarchitecture, stimulates new bone growth<\/td>\nIncreased risk of dental caries<\/td>\nPopulations with non fluoridated water<\/td>\nFluorosis mottled teeth, kidney damage<\/td>\n10 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manganese<\/td>\nLegumes, nuts, leafy green vegetables<\/td>\n1.8-2.3 mg\/day<\/td>\nGlucose synthesis, amino-acid catabolism<\/td>\nImpaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal glucose metabolism<\/td>\nNone<\/td>\nNerve damage<\/td>\n11 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molybdenum<\/td>\nMilk, grains, legumes<\/td>\n45 mcg\/day<\/td>\nCofactor for a number of enzymes<\/td>\nUnknown<\/td>\nNone<\/td>\nArthritis, joint inflammation<\/td>\n2 mg\/day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":766,"menu_order":17,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-294","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":264,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/766"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1190,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/294\/revisions\/1190"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/264"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/294\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=294"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=294"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/nutr1100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}