{"id":87,"date":"2018-01-09T19:27:57","date_gmt":"2018-01-09T19:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/back-matter\/appendix-b-indian-act-timeline\/"},"modified":"2018-01-09T19:27:57","modified_gmt":"2018-01-09T19:27:57","slug":"appendix-b-indian-act-timeline","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/back-matter\/appendix-b-indian-act-timeline\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix B: Indian Act Timeline","rendered":"Appendix B: Indian Act Timeline"},"content":{"raw":"

Timeline: The Impact of the Indian Act<\/h2>\nOver the years, the Indian Act has legislated extreme changes in the lives of Indigenous Peoples. The timeline below provides some examples.\n

1867<\/strong><\/h3>\nFederal government assumes responsibility for all \u201cIndians and lands reserved for Indians\u201d\n\nCanada became a country with the passing of the British North America Act. In Section 91(24) the federal government (Canadian government) was assigned responsibility for all \u201cIndians and lands reserved for Indians.\u201d\n

1876 <\/strong><\/h3>\nIndian Act becomes law\n\nThe Indian Act became law, and Indigenous governance systems were replaced with elected or appointed Band Councils. Women were not allowed to participate.\n

1879 <\/strong><\/h3>\nResidential schools become official policy\n\nResidential schools became the official government policy for educating First Nations children.\u00a0 Residential schools forcibly removed First Nations children from their families and communities to attend distant schools, where many died and many more suffered abuse.\n

1884\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\nCeremonies banned\n\nThe Indian Act banned ceremonies such as the potlatch, ghost dance, and sun dance. People were arrested for performing them and their ceremonial materials were taken away by the government. The effects of this prohibition are still felt today.\n

1911\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\nReserve land taken from bands without consent\n\nThe government could take reserve land from bands without their consent and (between 1918 and 1951) could also lease reserve land to settlers without the band\u2019s agreement.\n

1914\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\nTraditional and ceremonial clothing banned\n\nIt was illegal for Indigenous Peoples to wear their traditional and ceremonial clothing.\n

1927\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\nStatus Indians barred from seeking legal advice, fundraising, or meeting in groups\n\nIt was illegal for Status Indians to hire lawyers or seek legal advice, fundraise for land claims, or meet in groups. Many had to stop organizing, but others continued to do so secretly to fight for their rights.\n

1951 <\/strong><\/h3>\nPolitical organizing and cultural activities legalized\n\nIt was no longer illegal for Indigenous Peoples to organize politically to fight for their rights. And performing cultural activities was no longer illegal.\n

1985<\/strong><\/h3>\nFirst Nations people no longer forced to give up their \u201cstatus\u201d\n\nIt was no longer possible for the government to force people to give up their \u201cIndian status\u201d and lose their Indigenous rights. In the past, First Nations people could lose their Indian status through marriage, for example. And before 1960, a person had to give up his or her Indian status in order to vote federally.","rendered":"

Timeline: The Impact of the Indian Act<\/h2>\n

Over the years, the Indian Act has legislated extreme changes in the lives of Indigenous Peoples. The timeline below provides some examples.<\/p>\n

1867<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Federal government assumes responsibility for all \u201cIndians and lands reserved for Indians\u201d<\/p>\n

Canada became a country with the passing of the British North America Act. In Section 91(24) the federal government (Canadian government) was assigned responsibility for all \u201cIndians and lands reserved for Indians.\u201d<\/p>\n

1876 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Indian Act becomes law<\/p>\n

The Indian Act became law, and Indigenous governance systems were replaced with elected or appointed Band Councils. Women were not allowed to participate.<\/p>\n

1879 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Residential schools become official policy<\/p>\n

Residential schools became the official government policy for educating First Nations children.\u00a0 Residential schools forcibly removed First Nations children from their families and communities to attend distant schools, where many died and many more suffered abuse.<\/p>\n

1884\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ceremonies banned<\/p>\n

The Indian Act banned ceremonies such as the potlatch, ghost dance, and sun dance. People were arrested for performing them and their ceremonial materials were taken away by the government. The effects of this prohibition are still felt today.<\/p>\n

1911\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Reserve land taken from bands without consent<\/p>\n

The government could take reserve land from bands without their consent and (between 1918 and 1951) could also lease reserve land to settlers without the band\u2019s agreement.<\/p>\n

1914\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Traditional and ceremonial clothing banned<\/p>\n

It was illegal for Indigenous Peoples to wear their traditional and ceremonial clothing.<\/p>\n

1927\u20131951 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Status Indians barred from seeking legal advice, fundraising, or meeting in groups<\/p>\n

It was illegal for Status Indians to hire lawyers or seek legal advice, fundraise for land claims, or meet in groups. Many had to stop organizing, but others continued to do so secretly to fight for their rights.<\/p>\n

1951 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Political organizing and cultural activities legalized<\/p>\n

It was no longer illegal for Indigenous Peoples to organize politically to fight for their rights. And performing cultural activities was no longer illegal.<\/p>\n

1985<\/strong><\/h3>\n

First Nations people no longer forced to give up their \u201cstatus\u201d<\/p>\n

It was no longer possible for the government to force people to give up their \u201cIndian status\u201d and lose their Indigenous rights. In the past, First Nations people could lose their Indian status through marriage, for example. And before 1960, a person had to give up his or her Indian status in order to vote federally.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":211,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[27],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-87","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-appendix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/87","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/211"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/87\/revisions"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/87\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=87"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=87"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/opentestfoundations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=87"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}