{"id":2554,"date":"2022-01-19T18:14:42","date_gmt":"2022-01-19T23:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2554"},"modified":"2025-11-16T16:22:57","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T21:22:57","slug":"gross-anatomy-of-normal-liver","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/chapter\/gross-anatomy-of-normal-liver\/","title":{"raw":"Histology of Normal Liver","rendered":"Histology of Normal Liver"},"content":{"raw":"<div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nBy the end of this chapter, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify gross structures of the normal liver.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the colour and texture of the liver with the amount of blood and tissue make up.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify the liver lobule, sinusoids, central vein, and the components of the portal triad.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nOccupying the entire upper right quadrant (and a bit of the left!) of the abdomen, the liver sits mostly behind the rib cage. <em style=\"text-align: center;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div>Histologically, there is very little variation in liver tissue as the liver is made of thousands of hepatocytes (liver cells). However, these hepatocytes are organized in patterns: lobules have hepatocytes radiating from a central vein and numerous lobules are joined together to form \"plates\" of liver tissue separated by thin spaces known as sinusoids.<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div>[h5p id=\"136\"]<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #f0f0f0;padding: 5px\"><sup><em><strong>Histology of normal liver stained with H&amp;E.<\/strong> Presented by Yimei Qin using specimen from Dr. Gang Wang's private collection<\/em>, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/choosealicense.com\/no-license\/\">All Rights Reserved<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Section Review<\/h2>\r\nThe liver is well vascularized (giving a rich red-brown colour) and predominantly made of hepatocytes, organized in plates comprised of lobules (giving a smooth, homogenous texture). The posterior surface of the liver has the gallbladder and porta hepatis (comprising of hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic duct reside). Histologically, the liver is made of thousands of liver lobules identifiable by hepatocytes radiating out from a central vein. The outer border of the lobules are the portal triads, made of a small branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.\r\n<h1>Review Questions<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"h5p\">[h5p id=\"175\"]<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pdf\">\r\n\r\n<strong>1. You can determine how much blood is in the liver based on its colour.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>True<\/li>\r\n \t<li>False<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>2. Place the following words in the right column.<\/strong>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">IVC\r\nHepatis\r\nLobules<\/td>\r\n<td>Gallbladder\r\nPortal triad\r\nCentral vein\r\nFalciform ligament<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 77px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 14px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bGross structure<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>Histological structure<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 63px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h2>Answer Key<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>True<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 77px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 14px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bGross structure<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>Histological structure<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 63px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Gallbladder<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit\">IVC<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Hepatis<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><\/label>Falciform ligament<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Portal triad<label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><\/label><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><\/label> Lobules<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Central vein<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify gross structures of the normal liver.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the colour and texture of the liver with the amount of blood and tissue make up.<\/li>\n<li>identify the liver lobule, sinusoids, central vein, and the components of the portal triad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Occupying the entire upper right quadrant (and a bit of the left!) of the abdomen, the liver sits mostly behind the rib cage. <em style=\"text-align: center;font-size: 1em\">\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Histologically, there is very little variation in liver tissue as the liver is made of thousands of hepatocytes (liver cells). However, these hepatocytes are organized in patterns: lobules have hepatocytes radiating from a central vein and numerous lobules are joined together to form &#8220;plates&#8221; of liver tissue separated by thin spaces known as sinusoids.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"h5p-136\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-136\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"136\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Normal Liver Histology\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #f0f0f0;padding: 5px\"><sup><em><strong>Histology of normal liver stained with H&amp;E.<\/strong> Presented by Yimei Qin using specimen from Dr. Gang Wang&#8217;s private collection<\/em>, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/choosealicense.com\/no-license\/\">All Rights Reserved<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>Section Review<\/h2>\n<p>The liver is well vascularized (giving a rich red-brown colour) and predominantly made of hepatocytes, organized in plates comprised of lobules (giving a smooth, homogenous texture). The posterior surface of the liver has the gallbladder and porta hepatis (comprising of hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic duct reside). Histologically, the liver is made of thousands of liver lobules identifiable by hepatocytes radiating out from a central vein. The outer border of the lobules are the portal triads, made of a small branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.<\/p>\n<h1>Review Questions<\/h1>\n<div class=\"h5p\">\n<div id=\"h5p-175\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-175\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"175\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Cirrhosis Gross Anatomy and Histology of Normal Liver\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pdf\">\n<p><strong>1. You can determine how much blood is in the liver based on its colour.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>True<\/li>\n<li>False<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Place the following words in the right column.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">IVC<br \/>\nHepatis<br \/>\nLobules<\/td>\n<td>Gallbladder<br \/>\nPortal triad<br \/>\nCentral vein<br \/>\nFalciform ligament<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 77px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 14px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bGross structure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>Histological structure<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 63px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h2>Answer Key<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>True<\/li>\n<li>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 77px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 14px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bGross structure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 14px\"><strong>Histological structure<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 63px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Gallbladder<\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit\">IVC<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Hepatis<\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label>Falciform ligament<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 63px\">\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Portal triad<label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\"><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label><label class=\"h5p-editor-label\"><\/label> Lobules<\/div>\n<div class=\"h5p-label-text\">Central vein<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1232,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["jen-2"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[59],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2554","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-jen-2"],"part":2545,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1232"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9854,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2554\/revisions\/9854"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2545"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2554\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2554"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2554"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}