{"id":6322,"date":"2023-08-28T01:49:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T05:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/?post_type=chapter&p=6322"},"modified":"2025-08-23T18:34:11","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T22:34:11","slug":"extra-critical-thinking-questions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/chapter\/extra-critical-thinking-questions\/","title":{"raw":"Extra Critical Thinking Questions","rendered":"Extra Critical Thinking Questions"},"content":{"raw":"In this appendix you will find a series of extra critical thinking questions that relate back to all the knowledge you have learned till this point, and they require you to apply the critical thinking skills and methods to solve them\r\n

Heart Failure Chapter<\/h2>\r\n
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  1. Compare the anatomy and function of the right and left sides of the heart.\u00a0 Speculate on some possible defects in the heart that could lead to diseases.\u00a0 Hint: they don\u2019t have to be actual disease, don\u2019t even name disease, just speculate. Eg. Hypertrophy on the left side of heart (the muscle tissue gets too large on the left side)<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Pathophysiology<\/td>\r\nPhysiological manifestations (e.g. chamber volume, cardiac output)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    EXAMPLE: LV is abnormally thick<\/td>\r\nReduced LV filling volume --> decr ejection fraction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    [footnote]RV has reduced contractility or pulmonary valve won't open fully[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\nReduced volume in pulmonary circulation & left heart<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    LA is enlarged with abnormally thin walls<\/td>\r\n[footnote]pulmonary circulation will be overfilled with fluid in alveolar space[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    [footnote]right heart can't contract and eject [\/footnote]<\/td>\r\nSuperior & Inferior Vena Cava are distended with excess volume, low cardiac output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    [footnote]aortic valve can't close fully and volume falls back into LV[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\nLV is enlarged with thin walls & decr CO, murmur is heard during systole<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. What do you think would happen if the aortic valve doesn\u2019t work properly?\u00a0 For each of the following scenarios, explain what: i) would\u00a0 would the effect be on cardiac output (i.e. volume ejected into the aorta)? ii) leftover volume after systole (i.e. end systolic volume)? iii) preload (i.e. volume filling the ventricle).\r\n