{"id":8451,"date":"2025-03-20T17:20:11","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T21:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/?post_type=chapter&p=8451"},"modified":"2025-08-23T23:53:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T03:53:31","slug":"autoimmunity-overview","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/chapter\/autoimmunity-overview\/","title":{"raw":"Autoimmunity Chapter Overview","rendered":"Autoimmunity Chapter Overview"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Chapter Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nBy the end of this chapter, you will be able to:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Describe the mechanisms and components of the immune system and differentiate between innate and adaptive immune responses.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Explain the structure, function, and classes of antibodies and how these features effect antibody affinity, avidity, and cross reactivity.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Discuss disruptions in the immune systems and differentiate between hypersensitivities and autoimmune reactions.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Highlight key mechanisms and manifestations of \u00a0common autoimmune conditions such as Celiac Disease, Graves' Disease, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Vitiligo.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAutoimmunity is a condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, or organs. A combination of genetic and environmental factors influence the development of autoimmunity. Autoimmune processes may manifest as one of many diseases, some of which are discussed in this chapter.\r\n\r\nThis chapter is subdivided into the following sections:\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • Pre-test<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Immunity Overview<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Innate Immune Responses<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Adaptive Immune Responses<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Antibodies<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Disruptions in the Immune System<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Celiac Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Vitiligo<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Graves' Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Systemic Lupus Eryhematosus<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Post-test<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

      Abbreviations<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      PAMPs<\/td>\r\nPathogen associated molecular patterns<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      TLRs<\/td>\r\nToll like receptors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      PRRs<\/td>\r\nPattern recognition receptors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      NK cells<\/td>\r\nNatural killer cells<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      MHC<\/td>\r\nMajor histocompatibility complex<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      APC<\/td>\r\nAntigen presenting cell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      CTLs<\/td>\r\nCytotoxic T lymphocytes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      TCRs<\/td>\r\nT cell receptors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      TH lymphocytes<\/td>\r\nT helper lymphocytes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      BCR\r\n\r\nMALT\r\n\r\nTreg\r\n\r\nIg\r\n\r\nSLE\r\n\r\nSCID\r\n\r\nHLA\r\n\r\nGFD\r\n\r\nanti-CPP\r\n\r\nNSAIDs\r\n\r\nRA\r\n\r\nUV\r\n\r\nTRH\r\n\r\nTSH\r\n\r\nANAs<\/td>\r\nB cell receptor\r\n\r\nMucosa associated lymphoid tissue\r\n\r\nT regulatory\r\n\r\nImmunoglobulin\r\n\r\nSystemic lupus Eryhematosus\r\n\r\nSevere combined immunodeficiency\r\n\r\nHuman leukocyte antigen\r\n\r\nGluten free diet\r\n\r\nAnti-cyclic citrullinated peptide\r\n\r\nNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents\r\n\r\nRheumatoid arthritis\r\n\r\nUltraviolet\r\n\r\nThyrotropin releasing hormone\r\n\r\nThyroid stimulating hormone\r\n\r\nAnti nucleic antibodies<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"
      \n
      \n

      Chapter Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n

      By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Describe the mechanisms and components of the immune system and differentiate between innate and adaptive immune responses.<\/li>\n
      • Explain the structure, function, and classes of antibodies and how these features effect antibody affinity, avidity, and cross reactivity.<\/li>\n
      • Discuss disruptions in the immune systems and differentiate between hypersensitivities and autoimmune reactions.<\/li>\n
      • Highlight key mechanisms and manifestations of \u00a0common autoimmune conditions such as Celiac Disease, Graves’ Disease, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Vitiligo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Autoimmunity is a condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, or organs. A combination of genetic and environmental factors influence the development of autoimmunity. Autoimmune processes may manifest as one of many diseases, some of which are discussed in this chapter.<\/p>\n

        This chapter is subdivided into the following sections:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Pre-test<\/li>\n
        • Immunity Overview<\/li>\n
        • Innate Immune Responses<\/li>\n
        • Adaptive Immune Responses<\/li>\n
        • Antibodies<\/li>\n
        • Disruptions in the Immune System<\/li>\n
        • Celiac Disease<\/li>\n
        • Rheumatoid Arthritis<\/li>\n
        • Vitiligo<\/li>\n
        • Graves’ Disease<\/li>\n
        • Systemic Lupus Eryhematosus<\/li>\n
        • Post-test<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Abbreviations<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          PAMPs<\/td>\nPathogen associated molecular patterns<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          TLRs<\/td>\nToll like receptors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          PRRs<\/td>\nPattern recognition receptors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          NK cells<\/td>\nNatural killer cells<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          MHC<\/td>\nMajor histocompatibility complex<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          APC<\/td>\nAntigen presenting cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          CTLs<\/td>\nCytotoxic T lymphocytes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          TCRs<\/td>\nT cell receptors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          TH lymphocytes<\/td>\nT helper lymphocytes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          BCR<\/p>\n

          MALT<\/p>\n

          Treg<\/p>\n

          Ig<\/p>\n

          SLE<\/p>\n

          SCID<\/p>\n

          HLA<\/p>\n

          GFD<\/p>\n

          anti-CPP<\/p>\n

          NSAIDs<\/p>\n

          RA<\/p>\n

          UV<\/p>\n

          TRH<\/p>\n

          TSH<\/p>\n

          ANAs<\/td>\n

          		B cell receptor<\/p>\n

          Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue<\/p>\n

          T regulatory<\/p>\n

          Immunoglobulin<\/p>\n

          Systemic lupus Eryhematosus<\/p>\n

          Severe combined immunodeficiency<\/p>\n

          Human leukocyte antigen<\/p>\n

          Gluten free diet<\/p>\n

          Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide<\/p>\n

          Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents<\/p>\n

          Rheumatoid arthritis<\/p>\n

          Ultraviolet<\/p>\n

          Thyrotropin releasing hormone<\/p>\n

          Thyroid stimulating hormone<\/p>\n

          Anti nucleic antibodies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"author":2418,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Autoimmunity Chapter Overview","pb_subtitle":"Autoimmunity Chapter Overview","pb_authors":["morganalford","dylanmann"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[538,535],"license":[52],"class_list":["post-8451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-dylanmann","contributor-morganalford","license-cc-by"],"part":8316,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/8451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2418"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/8451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9492,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/8451\/revisions\/9492"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/8316"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/8451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=8451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=8451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=8451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}