{"id":4929,"date":"2025-11-22T18:41:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T23:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/?post_type=chapter&p=4929"},"modified":"2025-12-07T23:14:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T04:14:29","slug":"hydronephrosis","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/chapter\/hydronephrosis\/","title":{"raw":"8p11 Hydronephrosis","rendered":"8p11 Hydronephrosis"},"content":{"raw":"Hydronephrosis:<\/strong>\r\n

Definition:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Excessive\u00a0urine buildup<\/strong>\u00a0in the\u00a0renal pelvis<\/strong>\u00a0causing dilation of the renal pelvis.\u00a0 Urinary obstruction<\/strong> causes urine to build up in renal pelvis\u00a0increases pressure, compresses blood vessels<\/strong>, leading to\u00a0renal ischemia<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Impacts:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • \r\n
        \r\n \t
      • Damage to nephrons from pressure.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Loss of kidney function over time.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

        Urinary Tract Obstructions that could cause Hydronephrosis:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • \r\n
            \r\n \t
          • Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy<\/strong> (BPH) or prostate cancer<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
          • Tumors<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
          • Inflammation,<\/strong>\u00a0Infection<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
          • Ureter or Urethral Scarring, Strictures, Stenosis<\/strong> (narrowing)<\/li>\r\n \t
          • Congenital Defects:<\/strong>\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • Dysplasia-agenesis of ureter = failure of ureter to develop<\/strong> during embryogenesis<\/li>\r\n \t
            • Posterior vesicoureteral valve obstruction (bladder valve obstruction<\/strong>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
            • Renalcalculi<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t
            • Polycystic Kidney Disease (genetic inherited disorder)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

              Symptoms:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • may include\u00a0pain<\/strong>,\u00a0difficulty urinating<\/strong>,\u00a0flank pain<\/strong>, or asymptomatic.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                Diagnosis:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                • Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT) to identify structural causes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                  Key point:<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  • Obstruction should be identified and treated promptly to prevent\u00a0permanent kidney damage<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"

                    Hydronephrosis:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Definition:<\/strong><\/h1>\n
                      \n
                    • Excessive\u00a0urine buildup<\/strong>\u00a0in the\u00a0renal pelvis<\/strong>\u00a0causing dilation of the renal pelvis.\u00a0 Urinary obstruction<\/strong> causes urine to build up in renal pelvis\u00a0increases pressure, compresses blood vessels<\/strong>, leading to\u00a0renal ischemia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Impacts:<\/strong><\/h1>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                          \n
                        • Damage to nephrons from pressure.<\/li>\n
                        • Loss of kidney function over time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Urinary Tract Obstructions that could cause Hydronephrosis:<\/strong><\/h1>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                              \n
                            • Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy<\/strong> (BPH) or prostate cancer<\/strong><\/li>\n
                            • Tumors<\/strong><\/li>\n
                            • Inflammation,<\/strong>\u00a0Infection<\/strong><\/li>\n
                            • Ureter or Urethral Scarring, Strictures, Stenosis<\/strong> (narrowing)<\/li>\n
                            • Congenital Defects:<\/strong>\n
                                \n
                              • Dysplasia-agenesis of ureter = failure of ureter to develop<\/strong> during embryogenesis<\/li>\n
                              • Posterior vesicoureteral valve obstruction (bladder valve obstruction<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                              • Renalcalculi<\/strong><\/li>\n
                              • Polycystic Kidney Disease (genetic inherited disorder)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Symptoms:<\/strong><\/h1>\n
                                  \n
                                • may include\u00a0pain<\/strong>,\u00a0difficulty urinating<\/strong>,\u00a0flank pain<\/strong>, or asymptomatic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Diagnosis:<\/strong><\/h1>\n
                                    \n
                                  • Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT) to identify structural causes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Key point:<\/strong><\/h1>\n
                                      \n
                                    • Obstruction should be identified and treated promptly to prevent\u00a0permanent kidney damage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1370,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["zoe-soon"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[60],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-4929","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry","contributor-zoe-soon","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":59,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1370"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5272,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4929\/revisions\/5272"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/59"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/4929\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=4929"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=4929"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/pathophysiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=4929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}