{"id":388,"date":"2018-08-24T15:12:43","date_gmt":"2018-08-24T19:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/chapter-9-summary-2\/"},"modified":"2021-09-23T11:42:05","modified_gmt":"2021-09-23T15:42:05","slug":"chapter-9-summary-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/chapter-9-summary-2\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 9 Summary &amp; Key Term Check","rendered":"Chapter 9 Summary &amp; Key Term Check"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Chapter 9 Main Ideas<\/h1>\r\n<h2>9.1 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks<\/h2>\r\nClastic sedimentary rocks are formed from rock and mineral particles that are cemented together. The naming system for these rocks depends on grain size, sorting, composition, and shape. Five common types of clastic sedimentary rocks are conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale, and mudstone. Sandstones are further organized according to the abundance of fine particles they contain, and the composition of their sand-sized grains.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Practice Again<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-1-clastic-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#205\">Types of sandstone<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-1-clastic-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#207\">Clastic sedimentary rock names<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>9.2 Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks<\/h2>\r\nChemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks form from ions that were transported in solution, and then converted into minerals by chemical and\/or biological processes. The most common biochemical rock, limestone, typically forms in shallow tropical marine environments, where biological activity is a very important factor. Chert and banded iron formations can be from deep-ocean environments. Evaporites form where the waters of lakes and inland seas become supersaturated due to evaporation.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Practice Again<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-2-chemical-and-biochemical-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#208\">Chemical and biochemical sedimentary rock types<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Extra! Compare &amp; Contrast<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDo you know your clastic, chemical, and biochemical rocks well enough to be able to tell them apart? How would you distinguish each of the following rocks from each other?\r\n\r\nStart by thinking about which general sedimentary rock type they are. When you have it figured out, click each link to check your answer.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"59\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>9.3 Organic Sedimentary Rocks<\/h2>\r\nOrganic sedimentary rocks contain abundant organic carbon molecules (molecules with carbon-hydrogen bonds). An example is coal, which forms when dead plant material is preserved in stagnant swamp water, and later compressed and heated.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<div><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-3-organic-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#210\">Coal formation<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>9.4 Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins<\/h2>\r\nThere is a wide range of depositional environments, both on land (including glaciers, lakes, and rivers) and in the ocean (including deltas, reefs, shelves, and the deep-ocean floor). In order to be preserved, sediments must accumulate in sedimentary basins, many of which form through plate-tectonic processes. Changes in depositional environments can be used as clues to determine whether sea level has risen or fallen.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<div><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-4-depositional-environments-and-sedimentary-basins-2\/#211\">Types of depositional environments<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-4-depositional-environments-and-sedimentary-basins-2\/#213\">Types of sedimentary basins<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Extra!<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"60\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>9.5 Sedimentary Structures and Fossils<\/h2>\r\nSedimentary rocks can have distinctive structures that are important in determining their depositional environments. Fossils are useful for determining the age of a rock, the depositional environment, and the climate at the time of deposition.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Practice Again<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-5-sedimentary-structures-and-fossils-2\/#216\">Types of sedimentary structures<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-5-sedimentary-structures-and-fossils-2#55\">Interpreting sedimentary structures<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Extra!<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"54\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>9.6 Groups, Formations, and Members<\/h2>\r\nSedimentary sequences are classified into formations so that they can be mapped easily and without confusion. Formations can be combined into groups, or broken down into members for more detail.\r\n<h1>Key Term Check<\/h1>\r\nWhat key term from Chapter 9 is each card describing? Turn the card to check your answer.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"217\"]","rendered":"<h1>Chapter 9 Main Ideas<\/h1>\n<h2>9.1 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks<\/h2>\n<p>Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from rock and mineral particles that are cemented together. The naming system for these rocks depends on grain size, sorting, composition, and shape. Five common types of clastic sedimentary rocks are conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale, and mudstone. Sandstones are further organized according to the abundance of fine particles they contain, and the composition of their sand-sized grains.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-1-clastic-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#205\">Types of sandstone<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-1-clastic-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#207\">Clastic sedimentary rock names<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>9.2 Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks<\/h2>\n<p>Chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks form from ions that were transported in solution, and then converted into minerals by chemical and\/or biological processes. The most common biochemical rock, limestone, typically forms in shallow tropical marine environments, where biological activity is a very important factor. Chert and banded iron formations can be from deep-ocean environments. Evaporites form where the waters of lakes and inland seas become supersaturated due to evaporation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-2-chemical-and-biochemical-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#208\">Chemical and biochemical sedimentary rock types<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Extra! Compare &amp; Contrast<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do you know your clastic, chemical, and biochemical rocks well enough to be able to tell them apart? How would you distinguish each of the following rocks from each other?<\/p>\n<p>Start by thinking about which general sedimentary rock type they are. When you have it figured out, click each link to check your answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-59\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-59\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"59\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Compare and contrast clastic, chemical, and biochemical sedimentary rock types\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>9.3 Organic Sedimentary Rocks<\/h2>\n<p>Organic sedimentary rocks contain abundant organic carbon molecules (molecules with carbon-hydrogen bonds). An example is coal, which forms when dead plant material is preserved in stagnant swamp water, and later compressed and heated.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<div><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-3-organic-sedimentary-rocks-2\/#210\">Coal formation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>9.4 Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins<\/h2>\n<p>There is a wide range of depositional environments, both on land (including glaciers, lakes, and rivers) and in the ocean (including deltas, reefs, shelves, and the deep-ocean floor). In order to be preserved, sediments must accumulate in sedimentary basins, many of which form through plate-tectonic processes. Changes in depositional environments can be used as clues to determine whether sea level has risen or fallen.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<div><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-4-depositional-environments-and-sedimentary-basins-2\/#211\">Types of depositional environments<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-4-depositional-environments-and-sedimentary-basins-2\/#213\">Types of sedimentary basins<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Extra!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-60\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-60\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"60\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Four sets of clues to depositional environments are given below. For each clue, drag the correct word into the box.\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>9.5 Sedimentary Structures and Fossils<\/h2>\n<p>Sedimentary rocks can have distinctive structures that are important in determining their depositional environments. Fossils are useful for determining the age of a rock, the depositional environment, and the climate at the time of deposition.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-5-sedimentary-structures-and-fossils-2\/#216\">Types of sedimentary structures<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/9-5-sedimentary-structures-and-fossils-2#55\">Interpreting sedimentary structures<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Extra!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-54\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-54\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"54\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Mud cracks on Mars\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>9.6 Groups, Formations, and Members<\/h2>\n<p>Sedimentary sequences are classified into formations so that they can be mapped easily and without confusion. Formations can be combined into groups, or broken down into members for more detail.<\/p>\n<h1>Key Term Check<\/h1>\n<p>What key term from Chapter 9 is each card describing? Turn the card to check your answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-217\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-217\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"217\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Chapter 9 Key Terms\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-388","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":345,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2602,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/388\/revisions\/2602"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/345"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/388\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=388"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=388"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}