{"id":73,"date":"2022-02-25T09:49:34","date_gmt":"2022-02-25T14:49:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=73"},"modified":"2022-03-04T18:05:58","modified_gmt":"2022-03-04T23:05:58","slug":"culture-and-health","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/chapter\/culture-and-health\/","title":{"raw":"Module 7: Culture and Health","rendered":"Module 7: Culture and Health"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Readings<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 21\">\r\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\r\n<div class=\"column\">\r\n\r\nBiswas-Diener, R., Diener, E., &amp; Nadezhda Lyubchik, N. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread01bhutan.pdf\">Well-being in Bhutan [PDF]<\/a>. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6 (2), 1-13. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v5i2.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v5i2.1<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.\r\n\r\nChu, J. P., &amp; Sue, S. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread02mentalhealthasianamerican.pdf\">Asian American Mental Health: What We Know and What We Don't Know [PDF]<\/a>. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 3(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1026\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-919.1026<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.\r\n\r\nPedersen, P. B. (2002). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread03competentcounselor.pdf\">The Making of a Culturally Competent Counselor [PDF]<\/a>. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 10(3). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1093\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1093<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.\r\n\r\nClements, W. M. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread04sweatlodge.pdf\">The new age sweat lodge [PDF]<\/a>. In E. Brady (Ed).,Culture and Medicine in Modern Health Belief Systems. University Press of Colorado. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt46nwrq.10\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt46nwrq.10<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License<\/a>\r\n\r\nMathews, G. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread05happiness.pdf\">Happiness, culture, and context [PDF]<\/a>. International Journal of Well-being, 2(4), 299-321. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v2.i4.2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v2.i4.2<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.\r\n<h1>Teaching Materials<\/h1>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#majorpoints\">Major Points<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/2module07health.pptx\">PowerPoint Presentation [PPT]<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#videos\">Selected video presentations (choose 1 or 2)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#critical\">Critical Thinking Questions<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a id=\"majorpoints\"><\/a>Major Points<\/h1>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Health Belief System\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Optimal health<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Somatization<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Causes of illness<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Treatment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Prevention of Illness<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Diversity in Health Care System\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Family and Gender roles<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cultural norms of modesty<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pregnancy and childbirth<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Language Barriers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Non-verbal behavior<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Implications for Treatment\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Cultural constructs of illnesses<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cultural remedies<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Covid-19: Culture and Compliance\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u201cTight\u201d Cultures<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cLoose\u201d Cultures<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Health Beliefs and Practice: China\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u201cChi\u201d \u2013 Life energy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Massage, Acupuncture, Tai-chi<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Health Beliefs and Practice: India\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Yoga and Ayurveda<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Holistic<\/li>\r\n \t<li>8-fold path to well-being<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Indigenous Health\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Deep connection with land and nature<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Traditional healers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Healing Circle<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Harmful health consequences of colonization<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h1><a id=\"videos\"><\/a>Videos<\/h1>\r\nCULTURE MATTERS \u2013 in health, illness, life and death. | Haris Agic | TEDxNorrkopingED (15:28)\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KKPEvL1uOwA\r\n\r\nCreative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nChallenges and Rewards of culturally-informed approach to mental health | Jessica Dere | TEDxUTSC (17 min, 57 sec)\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VrYmQDiunSc\r\n\r\nCreative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIndigenous Knowledge to Close Gaps in Indigenous Health | Marcia Anderson-DeCoteau | TEDxUManitoba (18:35)\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IpKjtujtEYI\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCreative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCulturally Competent Healthcare-Sickkids Journey to Cultural Competence (1:11:41)\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7-UESlfU3Fs\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCreative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\">CC BY 3.0\r\n<\/a>\r\n<h1><a id=\"critical\"><\/a>Critical Thinking Questions<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Critical Thinking Questions<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">During the current Covid-19 pandemic, there are many hateful anti-Chinese messages circulating in the social media.\u00a0 The famous singer Bryan Adams, for example blamed the pandemic on \u201csome fucking bat eating, wet market animal selling, virus making greedy bastards\u201d for the spread of COVID-19\u201d. In this tweet, he was obviously referring to people in China.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Based\u00a0 on your understanding of the role of culture in health beliefs including diet preferences,\u00a0 how would you respond to Bryan Adams?\u00a0 (about 200 words)<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Avoid commonsense answers such as \u201ceducate yourself\u201d or \u201cit is not nice to talk bad about other cultures\u201d Instead use psychological terms, scientific research, demographic data, and provide a brief scholarly write-up.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em; word-spacing: normal;\">What is stigma and shame, and how might they influence the mental health and\/or service use among Indo-Canadians?<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">If you were to form collaborations between mental health and other organizations to improve treatment for Chinese-Canadians, what would that look like? Which organizations would you target?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe third question above is adapted from\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">Chu, J. P., &amp; Sue, S. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread02mentalhealthasianamerican.pdf\">Asian American Mental Health: What We Know and What We Don't Know [PDF]<\/a>. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 3(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1026\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-919.1026<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>. <\/span>","rendered":"<h1>Readings<\/h1>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 21\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Biswas-Diener, R., Diener, E., &amp; Nadezhda Lyubchik, N. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread01bhutan.pdf\">Well-being in Bhutan [PDF]<\/a>. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6 (2), 1-13. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v5i2.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v5i2.1<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Chu, J. P., &amp; Sue, S. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread02mentalhealthasianamerican.pdf\">Asian American Mental Health: What We Know and What We Don&#8217;t Know [PDF]<\/a>. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 3(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1026\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-919.1026<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Pedersen, P. B. (2002). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread03competentcounselor.pdf\">The Making of a Culturally Competent Counselor [PDF]<\/a>. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 10(3). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1093\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1093<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Clements, W. M. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread04sweatlodge.pdf\">The new age sweat lodge [PDF]<\/a>. In E. Brady (Ed).,Culture and Medicine in Modern Health Belief Systems. University Press of Colorado. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt46nwrq.10\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt46nwrq.10<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mathews, G. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread05happiness.pdf\">Happiness, culture, and context [PDF]<\/a>. International Journal of Well-being, 2(4), 299-321. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v2.i4.2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v2.i4.2<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1>Teaching Materials<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#majorpoints\">Major Points<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/2module07health.pptx\">PowerPoint Presentation [PPT]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#videos\">Selected video presentations (choose 1 or 2)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#critical\">Critical Thinking Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a id=\"majorpoints\"><\/a>Major Points<\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>Health Belief System\n<ol>\n<li>Optimal health<\/li>\n<li>Somatization<\/li>\n<li>Causes of illness<\/li>\n<li>Treatment<\/li>\n<li>Prevention of Illness<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Diversity in Health Care System\n<ol>\n<li>Family and Gender roles<\/li>\n<li>Cultural norms of modesty<\/li>\n<li>Pregnancy and childbirth<\/li>\n<li>Language Barriers<\/li>\n<li>Non-verbal behavior<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Implications for Treatment\n<ol>\n<li>Cultural constructs of illnesses<\/li>\n<li>Cultural remedies<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Covid-19: Culture and Compliance\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cTight\u201d Cultures<\/li>\n<li>\u201cLoose\u201d Cultures<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Health Beliefs and Practice: China\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cChi\u201d \u2013 Life energy<\/li>\n<li>Massage, Acupuncture, Tai-chi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Health Beliefs and Practice: India\n<ol>\n<li>Yoga and Ayurveda<\/li>\n<li>Holistic<\/li>\n<li>8-fold path to well-being<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Indigenous Health\n<ol>\n<li>Deep connection with land and nature<\/li>\n<li>Traditional healers<\/li>\n<li>Healing Circle<\/li>\n<li>Harmful health consequences of colonization<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1><a id=\"videos\"><\/a>Videos<\/h1>\n<p>CULTURE MATTERS \u2013 in health, illness, life and death. | Haris Agic | TEDxNorrkopingED (15:28)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"CULTURE MATTERS \u2013 in health, illness, life and death. | Haris Agic | TEDxNorrkopingED\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KKPEvL1uOwA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Creative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Challenges and Rewards of culturally-informed approach to mental health | Jessica Dere | TEDxUTSC (17 min, 57 sec)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Challenges and Rewards of a culturally-informed approach to mental health | Jessica Dere | TEDxUTSC\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VrYmQDiunSc?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Creative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Indigenous Knowledge to Close Gaps in Indigenous Health | Marcia Anderson-DeCoteau | TEDxUManitoba (18:35)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Indigenous Knowledge to Close Gaps in Indigenous Health | Marcia Anderson-DeCoteau | TEDxUManitoba\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IpKjtujtEYI?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Creative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Culturally Competent Healthcare-Sickkids Journey to Cultural Competence (1:11:41)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Culturally Competent Healthcare - SickKids Journey to Cultural Competence\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7-UESlfU3Fs?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Creative Commons Attribution License <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\">CC BY 3.0<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><a id=\"critical\"><\/a>Critical Thinking Questions<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Critical Thinking Questions<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">During the current Covid-19 pandemic, there are many hateful anti-Chinese messages circulating in the social media.\u00a0 The famous singer Bryan Adams, for example blamed the pandemic on \u201csome fucking bat eating, wet market animal selling, virus making greedy bastards\u201d for the spread of COVID-19\u201d. In this tweet, he was obviously referring to people in China.\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Based\u00a0 on your understanding of the role of culture in health beliefs including diet preferences,\u00a0 how would you respond to Bryan Adams?\u00a0 (about 200 words)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Avoid commonsense answers such as \u201ceducate yourself\u201d or \u201cit is not nice to talk bad about other cultures\u201d Instead use psychological terms, scientific research, demographic data, and provide a brief scholarly write-up.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em; word-spacing: normal;\">What is stigma and shame, and how might they influence the mental health and\/or service use among Indo-Canadians?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">If you were to form collaborations between mental health and other organizations to improve treatment for Chinese-Canadians, what would that look like? Which organizations would you target?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The third question above is adapted from<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">Chu, J. P., &amp; Sue, S. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1628\/2022\/02\/module7healthread02mentalhealthasianamerican.pdf\">Asian American Mental Health: What We Know and What We Don&#8217;t Know [PDF]<\/a>. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 3(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-0919.1026\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9707\/2307-919.1026<\/a>. This work is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":120,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[50],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-73","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/73","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/120"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/73\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":174,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/73\/revisions\/174"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/73\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=73"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=73"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psyc4700psychculture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=73"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}