{"id":107,"date":"2021-07-15T12:19:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T16:19:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=107"},"modified":"2022-03-30T22:57:26","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T02:57:26","slug":"helping-behaviour","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/chapter\/helping-behaviour\/","title":{"raw":"Module 7: Helping Behaviour","rendered":"Module 7: Helping Behaviour"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Instructor Notes<\/h1>\r\nIn the fall of 2005,\u00a0Hurricane Katrina hit the southern coast of the United States. The hurricane created billions of dollars in damage, destroyed a good part of the city of New Orleans and other southern towns, and caused the dislocation of thousands of people. The hurricane made news across the world, and the disaster was not ignored. Hundreds of thousands of people made financial contributions to help rebuild the cities and repair the lives that were devastated by the storm. During the first few months after the storm, thousands more people came from across the country, and even from around the world, to help clean up the mess and repair the damage that the storm had caused. Many of these volunteers had been to New Orleans, and some had families and friends there. Others came simply because they had heard about the disaster and wanted to help the people who were so profoundly affected by it.\r\n\r\nWhen you hear about this type of behavior, you may wonder about its meaning for human nature. In this module, we will look at why people would sacrifice so much of themselves for others who cannot help them in return? Is helping part of the normal human experience, or are these acts unusual, unexpected, and rare? Who is most likely to help, who are we most likely to help, and under what social circumstances do we help or not help? And what biological, personal, social, and cultural factors influence helping?\r\n\r\nThis week contains a number of \"Major Points\" with videos and discussion and assignment prompts to support the topics. This chapter contains an abundance of content. As an instructor, you will want to choose just 1 or 2 videos and perhaps just a few of the \"Major Points\" to cover and meet the learning outcomes of your course. You may wish to reference the \"<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/front-matter\/how-to-use-this-resource\/\">How to use this Resource<\/a>\" section for ideas on how to tailor your course offering.\r\n<h1>Readings<\/h1>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/socialpsychology\/part\/chapter-9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 8: Helping and Altruism<\/a>\u00a0in <a href=\"https:\/\/open.bccampus.ca\/browse-our-collection\/find-open-textbooks\/?uuid=66c0cf64-c485-442c-8183-de75151f13f5&amp;contributor=&amp;keyword=&amp;subject=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Principles of Social Psychology \u2013 1st International H5P Edition<\/a>.\r\n<h1>Teaching Materials<\/h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#majorpoints\">Major Points<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#videos\">Selected video presentations<\/a> (choose 1 or 2)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#discussion\">Class Discussion<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1>Student Tasks<\/h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#discussion\">Online Discussion forum<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#assignment\">Assignment: Helping<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chapter Quiz (<a href=\"https:\/\/open.bccampus.ca\/browse-our-collection\/ancillary-requests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Available upon request<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1><a id=\"majorpoints\"><\/a>Major Points<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--sidebar textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Bonus Tip:<\/strong> You can find the Key Takeaways in a green textbox at the bottom of each chapter page in the textbook.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Prosocial Behavior\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Definition<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Altruism<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Evolutionary Explanation\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Survival of the individual genes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Survival of the species<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Helping those who are genetically related<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Social and cultural norms\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Norm of reciprocity<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Norm of social responsibility<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cultural norms: Self-concern\/Other-concern-<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modeling helping behavior<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Emotions\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Positive mood<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Guilt<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Personal distress<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Empathy<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bystander Effect\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Latene and Darley\u2019s model of helping<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pluralistic ignorance<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Diffusion of responsibility<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Role of cultural norms<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Personality variables\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Altruistic personality<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Religiosity: Internal, External, Quest-oriented<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gender Differences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Belief-in-just-world<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Increasing Helping\r\n<ol type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>Rewarding and modeling<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Highlight other-concern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Counter diffusion of responsibility<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h1><a id=\"videos\"><\/a>Videos<\/h1>\r\n<h2>YouTube<\/h2>\r\n<div>\r\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=175ig2I9rt0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bystander Effect<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/test-prep\/mcat\/individuals-and-society\/social-behavior\/v\/similarity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khan Academy<\/a> is licensed under a\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY NC-SA 3.0 license<\/a>. (7 min)<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=175ig2I9rt0\r\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=A7X-x0Et0QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Altruism &amp; Kin Selection<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCY0Bntqp0bdnhsxrYqPULgA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bionerdery<\/a> is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 3.0 License<\/a>.\u00a0(7:20)<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=A7X-x0Et0QU\r\n<h3><\/h3>\r\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MzyX72vinzY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KPU-Science World Speaker Series: Rajiv Jhangiani-The Psychology of Good and Evil<\/a>\u00a0 by\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC7Ls19drNb1jBwf3f_92ehA\">Kwantlen Polytechnic University<\/a> is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 3.0 License<\/a>. (1:20:08)<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MzyX72vinzY\r\n<h2>Ted Talks<\/h2>\r\n<div>\r\n<h3>Abigail Marsh: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/abigail_marsh_why_some_people_are_more_altruistic_than_others?language=en\">Why some people are more altruistic than others<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License<\/a>. (12:14)<\/h3>\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 854px;\">\r\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.ted.com\/talks\/lang\/en\/abigail_marsh_why_some_people_are_more_altruistic_than_others\" width=\"854\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Elizabeth Dunn: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/elizabeth_dunn_helping_others_makes_us_happier_but_it_matters_how_we_do_it?language=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Helping others makes us happier- but it matters how we do it<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License<\/a>. (14:21)<\/h3>\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 854px;\">\r\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.ted.com\/talks\/lang\/en\/elizabeth_dunn_helping_others_makes_us_happier_but_it_matters_how_we_do_it\" width=\"854\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"discussion\"><\/a>Discussion<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Discussion<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIs it possible to build personal wealth while helping those who are economically disadvantaged? Give reasons for your response.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"assignment\"><\/a>Assignment<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Assignment: Helping<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Think of a situation where you went out of your way to be helpful to someone you did not know very well. What was your motivation?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Think of a situation where you could have helped someone but decided not to. What were your reasons for not helping?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In general, examine whey you are most likely to help and when you are least likely to help.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What psychological strategies you would suggest for motivating people to be helpful to others?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Content Attributions<\/h3>\r\nThe instructor notes are adapted from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/socialpsychology\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Principles of Social Psychology - 1st International H5P Edition<\/a> by Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani and Dr. Hammond Tarry which is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>.","rendered":"<h1>Instructor Notes<\/h1>\n<p>In the fall of 2005,\u00a0Hurricane Katrina hit the southern coast of the United States. The hurricane created billions of dollars in damage, destroyed a good part of the city of New Orleans and other southern towns, and caused the dislocation of thousands of people. The hurricane made news across the world, and the disaster was not ignored. Hundreds of thousands of people made financial contributions to help rebuild the cities and repair the lives that were devastated by the storm. During the first few months after the storm, thousands more people came from across the country, and even from around the world, to help clean up the mess and repair the damage that the storm had caused. Many of these volunteers had been to New Orleans, and some had families and friends there. Others came simply because they had heard about the disaster and wanted to help the people who were so profoundly affected by it.<\/p>\n<p>When you hear about this type of behavior, you may wonder about its meaning for human nature. In this module, we will look at why people would sacrifice so much of themselves for others who cannot help them in return? Is helping part of the normal human experience, or are these acts unusual, unexpected, and rare? Who is most likely to help, who are we most likely to help, and under what social circumstances do we help or not help? And what biological, personal, social, and cultural factors influence helping?<\/p>\n<p>This week contains a number of &#8220;Major Points&#8221; with videos and discussion and assignment prompts to support the topics. This chapter contains an abundance of content. As an instructor, you will want to choose just 1 or 2 videos and perhaps just a few of the &#8220;Major Points&#8221; to cover and meet the learning outcomes of your course. You may wish to reference the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/front-matter\/how-to-use-this-resource\/\">How to use this Resource<\/a>&#8221; section for ideas on how to tailor your course offering.<\/p>\n<h1>Readings<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/socialpsychology\/part\/chapter-9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 8: Helping and Altruism<\/a>\u00a0in <a href=\"https:\/\/open.bccampus.ca\/browse-our-collection\/find-open-textbooks\/?uuid=66c0cf64-c485-442c-8183-de75151f13f5&amp;contributor=&amp;keyword=&amp;subject=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Principles of Social Psychology \u2013 1st International H5P Edition<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1>Teaching Materials<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#majorpoints\">Major Points<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#videos\">Selected video presentations<\/a> (choose 1 or 2)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#discussion\">Class Discussion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Student Tasks<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#discussion\">Online Discussion forum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#assignment\">Assignment: Helping<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chapter Quiz (<a href=\"https:\/\/open.bccampus.ca\/browse-our-collection\/ancillary-requests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Available upon request<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><a id=\"majorpoints\"><\/a>Major Points<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--sidebar textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>Bonus Tip:<\/strong> You can find the Key Takeaways in a green textbox at the bottom of each chapter page in the textbook.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>Prosocial Behavior\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Definition<\/li>\n<li>Altruism<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Evolutionary Explanation\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Survival of the individual genes<\/li>\n<li>Survival of the species<\/li>\n<li>Helping those who are genetically related<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Social and cultural norms\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Norm of reciprocity<\/li>\n<li>Norm of social responsibility<\/li>\n<li>Cultural norms: Self-concern\/Other-concern-<\/li>\n<li>Modeling helping behavior<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Emotions\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Positive mood<\/li>\n<li>Guilt<\/li>\n<li>Personal distress<\/li>\n<li>Empathy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bystander Effect\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Latene and Darley\u2019s model of helping<\/li>\n<li>Pluralistic ignorance<\/li>\n<li>Diffusion of responsibility<\/li>\n<li>Role of cultural norms<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Personality variables\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Altruistic personality<\/li>\n<li>Religiosity: Internal, External, Quest-oriented<\/li>\n<li>Gender Differences<\/li>\n<li>Belief-in-just-world<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Increasing Helping\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Rewarding and modeling<\/li>\n<li>Highlight other-concern<\/li>\n<li>Counter diffusion of responsibility<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1><a id=\"videos\"><\/a>Videos<\/h1>\n<h2>YouTube<\/h2>\n<div>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=175ig2I9rt0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bystander Effect<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/test-prep\/mcat\/individuals-and-society\/social-behavior\/v\/similarity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khan Academy<\/a> is licensed under a\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY NC-SA 3.0 license<\/a>. (7 min)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=175ig2I9rt0<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=A7X-x0Et0QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Altruism &amp; Kin Selection<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCY0Bntqp0bdnhsxrYqPULgA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bionerdery<\/a> is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 3.0 License<\/a>.\u00a0(7:20)<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Altruism &amp; Kin Selection\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/A7X-x0Et0QU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MzyX72vinzY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KPU-Science World Speaker Series: Rajiv Jhangiani-The Psychology of Good and Evil<\/a>\u00a0 by\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC7Ls19drNb1jBwf3f_92ehA\">Kwantlen Polytechnic University<\/a> is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 3.0 License<\/a>. (1:20:08)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MzyX72vinzY<\/p>\n<h2>Ted Talks<\/h2>\n<div>\n<h3>Abigail Marsh: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/abigail_marsh_why_some_people_are_more_altruistic_than_others?language=en\">Why some people are more altruistic than others<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License<\/a>. (12:14)<\/h3>\n<div style=\"max-width: 854px;\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.ted.com\/talks\/lang\/en\/abigail_marsh_why_some_people_are_more_altruistic_than_others\" width=\"854\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Elizabeth Dunn: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/elizabeth_dunn_helping_others_makes_us_happier_but_it_matters_how_we_do_it?language=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Helping others makes us happier- but it matters how we do it<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License<\/a>. (14:21)<\/h3>\n<div style=\"max-width: 854px;\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.ted.com\/talks\/lang\/en\/elizabeth_dunn_helping_others_makes_us_happier_but_it_matters_how_we_do_it\" width=\"854\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"discussion\"><\/a>Discussion<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Discussion<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div>\n<p>Is it possible to build personal wealth while helping those who are economically disadvantaged? Give reasons for your response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"assignment\"><\/a>Assignment<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Assignment: Helping<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Think of a situation where you went out of your way to be helpful to someone you did not know very well. What was your motivation?<\/li>\n<li>Think of a situation where you could have helped someone but decided not to. What were your reasons for not helping?<\/li>\n<li>In general, examine whey you are most likely to help and when you are least likely to help.<\/li>\n<li>What psychological strategies you would suggest for motivating people to be helpful to others?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Content Attributions<\/h3>\n<p>The instructor notes are adapted from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/socialpsychology\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Principles of Social Psychology &#8211; 1st International H5P Edition<\/a> by Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani and Dr. Hammond Tarry which is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":120,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-107","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/120"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":293,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/107\/revisions\/293"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/107\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/psych2330\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}