This appendix is broken into several tables.
Important Constants1
| Symbol |
Meaning |
Best Value |
Approximate Value |
| [latex]c[/latex] |
Speed of light in vacuum |
[latex]2\text{.}\text{99792458}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{8}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{m}/\text{s}[/latex] |
[latex]3\text{.}\text{00}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{8}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{m}/\text{s}[/latex] |
| [latex]G[/latex] |
Gravitational constant |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{67408}\left(\text{31}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{11}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{N}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}/{\text{kg}}^{2}[/latex] |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{67}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{11}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{N}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}/{\text{kg}}^{2}[/latex] |
| [latex]{N}_{A}[/latex] |
Avogadro’s number |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{02214129}\left(\text{27}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{\text{23}}[/latex] |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{02}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{\text{23}}[/latex] |
| [latex]k[/latex] |
Boltzmann’s constant |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{3806488}\left(\text{13}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{23}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{J}/\text{K}[/latex] |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{38}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{23}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{J}/\text{K}[/latex] |
| [latex]R[/latex] |
Gas constant |
[latex]8\text{.}\text{3144621}\left(\text{75}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{J}/\text{mol}\cdot \text{K}[/latex] |
[latex]8\text{.}\text{31}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{J}/\text{mol}\cdot \text{K}=1\text{.}\text{99}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{cal}/\text{mol}\cdot \text{K}=0\text{.}\text{0821}\text{atm}\cdot \text{L}/\text{mol}\cdot \text{K}[/latex] |
| [latex]\text{σ}[/latex] |
Stefan-Boltzmann constant |
[latex]5\text{.}\text{670373}\left(\text{21}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-8}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{W}/{\text{m}}^{2}\cdot \text{K}[/latex] |
[latex]5\text{.}\text{67}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-8}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{W}/{\text{m}}^{2}\cdot \text{K}[/latex] |
| [latex]k[/latex] |
Coulomb force constant |
[latex]8\text{.}\text{987551788}\text{.}\text{.}\text{.}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{9}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{N}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}/{\text{C}}^{2}[/latex] |
[latex]8.99\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{9}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{N}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}/{\text{C}}^{2}[/latex] |
| [latex]{q}_{e}[/latex] |
Charge on electron |
[latex]-1\text{.}\text{602176565}\left(\text{35}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{19}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{C}[/latex] |
[latex]-1\text{.}\text{60}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{19}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{C}[/latex] |
| [latex]{\text{ε}}_{0}[/latex] |
Permittivity of free space |
[latex]8\text{.}\text{854187817}\text{.}\text{.}\text{.}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{12}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{C}}^{2}/\text{N}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}[/latex] |
[latex]8\text{.}\text{85}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{12}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{C}}^{2}/\text{N}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}[/latex] |
| [latex]{\text{μ}}_{0}[/latex] |
Permeability of free space |
[latex]4\pi \phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-7}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{T}\cdot \text{m}/\text{A}[/latex] |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{26}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-6}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{T}\cdot \text{m}/\text{A}[/latex] |
| [latex]h[/latex] |
Planck’s constant |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{62606957}\left(\text{29}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{34}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{J}\cdot \text{s}[/latex] |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{63}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}×\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\text{10}}^{-\text{34}}\phantom{\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\text{J}\cdot \text{s}[/latex] |
Submicroscopic Masses2
| Symbol |
Meaning |
Best Value |
Approximate Value |
| [latex]{m}_{e}[/latex] |
Electron mass |
[latex]9\text{.}\text{10938291}\left(\text{40}\right)×{\text{10}}^{-\text{31}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
[latex]9\text{.}\text{11}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{31}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
| [latex]{m}_{p}[/latex] |
Proton mass |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{672621777}\left(\text{74}\right)×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{6726}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
| [latex]{m}_{n}[/latex] |
Neutron mass |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{674927351}\left(\text{74}\right)×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{6749}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
| [latex]\text{u}[/latex] |
Atomic mass unit |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{660538921}\left(\text{73}\right)×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{6605}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
Solar System Data
| Sun |
mass |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{99}×{\text{10}}^{\text{30}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
|
average radius |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{96}×{\text{10}}^{8}\text{m}[/latex] |
|
Earth-sun distance (average) |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{496}×{\text{10}}^{\text{11}}\text{m}[/latex] |
| Earth |
mass |
[latex]5\text{.}\text{9736}×{\text{10}}^{\text{24}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
|
average radius |
[latex]6\text{.}\text{376}×{\text{10}}^{6}\text{m}[/latex][latex][/latex] |
|
orbital period |
[latex]3\text{.}\text{16}×{\text{10}}^{7}\text{s}[/latex] |
| Moon |
mass |
[latex]7\text{.}\text{35}×{\text{10}}^{\text{22}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
|
average radius |
[latex]1\text{.}\text{74}×{\text{10}}^{6}\text{m}[/latex] |
|
orbital period (average) |
[latex]2\text{.}\text{36}×{\text{10}}^{6}\text{s}[/latex] |
|
Earth-moon distance (average) |
[latex]3\text{.}\text{84}×{\text{10}}^{8}\text{m}[/latex] |
Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols
| Prefix |
Symbol |
Value |
Prefix |
Symbol |
Value |
| tera |
T |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{\text{12}}[/latex] |
deci |
d |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-1}[/latex] |
| giga |
G |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{9}[/latex] |
centi |
c |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-2}[/latex] |
| mega |
M |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{6}[/latex] |
milli |
m |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-3}[/latex] |
| kilo |
k |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{3}[/latex] |
micro |
[latex]\mu[/latex] |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-6}[/latex] |
| hecto |
h |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{2}[/latex] |
nano |
n |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-9}[/latex] |
| deka |
da |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{1}[/latex] |
pico |
p |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-\text{12}}[/latex] |
| — |
— |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{0}\left(=1\right)[/latex] |
femto |
f |
[latex]{\text{10}}^{-\text{15}}[/latex] |
The Greek Alphabet
| Alpha |
[latex]\text{Α}[/latex] |
[latex]\alpha[/latex] |
Eta |
[latex]\text{Η}[/latex] |
[latex]\eta[/latex] |
Nu |
[latex]\text{Ν}[/latex] |
[latex]\nu[/latex] |
Tau |
[latex]\text{Τ}[/latex] |
[latex]\tau[/latex] |
| Beta |
[latex]\text{Β}[/latex] |
[latex]\beta[/latex] |
Theta |
[latex]\text{Θ}[/latex] |
[latex]\theta[/latex] |
Xi |
[latex]\text{Ξ}[/latex] |
[latex]\xi[/latex] |
Upsilon |
[latex]\text{Υ}[/latex] |
[latex]\upsilon[/latex] |
| Gamma |
[latex]\text{Γ}[/latex] |
[latex]\gamma[/latex] |
Iota |
[latex]\text{Ι}[/latex] |
[latex]\iota[/latex] |
Omicron |
[latex]\text{Ο}[/latex] |
[latex]ο[/latex] |
Phi |
[latex]\text{Φ}[/latex] |
[latex]\varphi[/latex] |
| Delta |
[latex]\text{Δ}[/latex] |
[latex]\delta[/latex] |
Kappa |
[latex]\text{Κ}[/latex] |
[latex]\kappa[/latex] |
Pi |
[latex]\text{Π}[/latex] |
[latex]\pi[/latex] |
Chi |
[latex]\text{Χ}[/latex] |
[latex]\chi[/latex] |
| Epsilon |
[latex]\text{Ε}[/latex] |
[latex]\epsilon[/latex] |
Lambda |
[latex]\text{Λ}[/latex] |
[latex]\lambda[/latex] |
Rho |
[latex]\text{Ρ}[/latex] |
[latex]\rho[/latex] |
Psi |
[latex]\text{Ψ}[/latex] |
[latex]\psi[/latex] |
| Zeta |
[latex]\text{Ζ}[/latex] |
[latex]\zeta[/latex] |
Mu |
[latex]\text{Μ}[/latex] |
[latex]\mu[/latex] |
Sigma |
[latex]\text{Σ}[/latex] |
[latex]\sigma[/latex] |
Omega |
[latex]\Omega[/latex] |
[latex]\omega[/latex] |
SI Units
|
Entity |
Abbreviation |
Name |
| Fundamental units |
Length |
m |
meter |
|
Mass |
kg |
kilogram |
|
Time |
s |
second |
|
Current |
A |
ampere |
| Supplementary unit |
Angle |
rad |
radian |
| Derived units |
Force |
[latex]\text{N}=\text{kg}\cdot \text{m}/{\text{s}}^{2}[/latex] |
newton |
|
Energy |
[latex]\text{J}=\text{kg}\cdot {\text{m}}^{2}/{\text{s}}^{2}[/latex] |
joule |
|
Power |
[latex]\text{W}=\text{J}/\text{s}[/latex] |
watt |
|
Pressure |
[latex]\text{Pa}=\text{N}/{\text{m}}^{2}[/latex] |
pascal |
|
Frequency |
[latex]\text{Hz}=1/\text{s}[/latex] |
hertz |
|
Electronic potential |
[latex]\text{V}=\text{J}/\text{C}[/latex] |
volt |
|
Capacitance |
[latex]\text{F}=\text{C}/\text{V}[/latex] |
farad |
|
Charge |
[latex]\text{C}=\text{s}\cdot \text{A}[/latex] |
coulomb |
|
Resistance |
[latex]\Omega =\text{V}/\text{A}[/latex] |
ohm |
|
Magnetic field |
[latex]\text{T}=\text{N}/\left(\text{A}\cdot \text{m}\right)[/latex] |
tesla |
|
Nuclear decay rate |
[latex]\text{Bq}=1/\text{s}[/latex] |
becquerel |
Selected British Units
| Length |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{inch}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{in}\text{.}\right)=2\text{.}\text{54}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{cm}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{exactly}\right)[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{foot}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{ft}\right)=0\text{.}\text{3048}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{m}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{mile}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{mi}\right)=1\text{.}\text{609}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{km}[/latex] |
| Force |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{pound}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{lb}\right)=4\text{.}\text{448}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{N}[/latex] |
| Energy |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{British thermal unit}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{Btu}\right)=1\text{.}\text{055}×{\text{10}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{J}[/latex] |
| Power |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{horsepower}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{hp}\right)=\text{746}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{W}[/latex] |
| Pressure |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{lb}/{\text{in}}^{2}=6\text{.}\text{895}×{\text{10}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Pa}[/latex] |
Other Units
| Length |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{light year}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{ly}\right)=9\text{.}\text{46}×{\text{10}}^{\text{15}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{m}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{astronomical unit}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{au}\right)=1\text{.}\text{50}×{\text{10}}^{\text{11}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{m}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{nautical mile}=1\text{.}\text{852}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{km}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{angstrom}\left(\text{Å}\right)\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}={\text{10}}^{-\text{10}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{m}[/latex] |
| Area |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{acre}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{ac}\right)=4\text{.}\text{05}×{\text{10}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{2}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{square foot}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left({\text{ft}}^{2}\right)=9\text{.}\text{29}×{\text{10}}^{-2}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{2}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{barn}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(b\right)={\text{10}}^{-\text{28}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{2}[/latex] |
| Volume |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{liter}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(L\right)={\text{10}}^{-3}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{3}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{U.S. gallon}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{gal}\right)=3\text{.}\text{785}×{\text{10}}^{-3}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{3}[/latex] |
| Mass |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{solar mass}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}=1\text{.}\text{99}×{\text{10}}^{\text{30}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{metric ton}={\text{10}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{atomic mass unit}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(u\right)=1\text{.}\text{6605}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{27}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{kg}[/latex] |
| Time |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{year}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(y\right)=3\text{.}\text{16}×{\text{10}}^{7}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{s}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{day}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(d\right)=\text{86},\text{400}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{s}[/latex] |
| Speed |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{mile per hour}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{mph}\right)=1\text{.}\text{609}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{km}/\text{h}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{nautical mile per hour}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{naut}\right)=1\text{.}\text{852}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{km}/\text{h}[/latex] |
| Angle |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{degree}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(°\right)=1\text{.}\text{745}×{\text{10}}^{-2}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{rad}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{minute of arc}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\left(}^{\text{'}}\right)=1/\text{60}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{degree}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{second of arc}\text{}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\left(}^{\text{''}}\right)=1/\text{60}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{minute of arc}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{grad}=1\text{.}\text{571}×{\text{10}}^{-2}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{rad}[/latex] |
| Energy |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{kiloton TNT}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{kT}\right)=4\text{.}2×{\text{10}}^{\text{12}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{J}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{kilowatt hour}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{kW}\cdot h\right)=3\text{.}\text{60}×{\text{10}}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{J}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{food calorie}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{kcal}\right)=\text{4186}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{J}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{calorie}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{cal}\right)=4\text{.}\text{186}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{J}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{electron volt}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{eV}\right)=1\text{.}\text{60}×{\text{10}}^{-\text{19}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{J}[/latex] |
| Pressure |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{atmosphere}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{atm}\right)=1\text{.}\text{013}×{\text{10}}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Pa}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{millimeter of mercury}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{mm}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}\right)=\text{133}\text{.}3\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Pa}[/latex] |
|
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{torricelli}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{torr}\right)=1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{mm}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}=\text{133}\text{.}3\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Pa}[/latex] |
| Nuclear decay rate |
[latex]1\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{curie}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\left(\text{Ci}\right)=3\text{.}\text{70}×{\text{10}}^{\text{10}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{Bq}[/latex] |
Useful Formulae
| Circumference of a circle with radius [latex]r[/latex] or diameter [latex]d[/latex] |
[latex]C=2\pi r=\mathrm{\pi d}[/latex] |
| Area of a circle with radius [latex]r[/latex] or diameter [latex]d[/latex] |
[latex]A={\mathrm{\pi r}}^{2}={\mathrm{\pi d}}^{2}/4[/latex] |
| Area of a sphere with radius [latex]r[/latex] |
[latex]A=4{\pi r}^{2}[/latex] |
| Volume of a sphere with radius [latex]r[/latex] |
[latex]V=\left(4/3\right)\left({\mathrm{\pi r}}^{3}\right)[/latex] |
Footnotes
- Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.
- Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.
