{"id":1675,"date":"2017-10-27T13:04:50","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T17:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/back-matter\/useful-information\/"},"modified":"2017-10-27T13:04:50","modified_gmt":"2017-10-27T17:04:50","slug":"useful-information","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/back-matter\/useful-information\/","title":{"raw":"Useful Information","rendered":"Useful Information"},"content":{"raw":"<p id=\"import-auto-id2300397\">This appendix is broken into several tables.<\/p><ul id=\"eip-856\"><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1211982\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Important Constants<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1125517\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Submicroscopic Masses<\/li><li><a href=\"#eip-903\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Solar System Data<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1401348\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1374373\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, The Greek Alphabet<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1376084\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, SI units<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id2371652\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Selected British Units<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1528540\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Other Units<\/li><li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1610756\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Useful Formulae<\/li><\/ul><table id=\"import-auto-id1211982\" summary=\"Four-column table of Important Constants. Column one lists the constant&#x2019;s symbol. Column two lists its meaning. Column three lists its best value, and column four lists its approximate value.\"><caption><span>Important Constants<sup><a href=\"#footnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Best Value<\/th><th>Approximate Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td><td>Speed of light in vacuum<\/td><td>[latex]2\\text{.}\\text{99792458}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{m}\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]3\\text{.}\\text{00}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{m}\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td><td>Gravitational constant<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{67408}\\left(\\text{31}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{11}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{kg}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{67}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{11}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{kg}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]{N}_{A}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Avogadro\u2019s number<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{02214129}\\left(\\text{27}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{\\text{23}}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{02}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{\\text{23}}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td><td>Boltzmann\u2019s constant<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{3806488}\\left(\\text{13}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{23}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{38}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{23}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td><td>Gas constant<\/td><td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{3144621}\\left(\\text{75}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{31}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}=1\\text{.}\\text{99}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{cal}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}=0\\text{.}\\text{0821}\\text{atm}\\cdot \\text{L}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]\\text{\u03c3}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Stefan-Boltzmann constant<\/td><td>[latex]5\\text{.}\\text{670373}\\left(\\text{21}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{W}\/{\\text{m}}^{2}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]5\\text{.}\\text{67}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{W}\/{\\text{m}}^{2}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td><td>Coulomb force constant<\/td><td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{987551788}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{9}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{C}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]8.99\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{9}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{C}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]{q}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Charge on electron<\/td><td>[latex]-1\\text{.}\\text{602176565}\\left(\\text{35}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{19}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]-1\\text{.}\\text{60}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{19}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]{\\text{\u03b5}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Permittivity of free space<\/td><td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{854187817}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{12}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{C}}^{2}\/\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{85}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{12}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{C}}^{2}\/\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]{\\text{\u03bc}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Permeability of free space<\/td><td>[latex]4\\pi \\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-7}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{T}\\cdot \\text{m}\/\\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{26}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-6}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{T}\\cdot \\text{m}\/\\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td><td>Planck\u2019s constant<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{62606957}\\left(\\text{29}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{34}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\\cdot \\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{63}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{34}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\\cdot \\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id1125517\" summary=\"Four-column table of submicroscopic masses. Column one lists the symbol. Column two lists its meaning. Column three lists its best value, and column four lists its approximate value.\"><caption><span>Submicroscopic Masses<sup><a href=\"#footnote2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Best Value<\/th><th>Approximate Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>[latex]{m}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Electron mass<\/td><td>[latex]9\\text{.}\\text{10938291}\\left(\\text{40}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{31}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]9\\text{.}\\text{11}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{31}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]{m}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Proton mass<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{672621777}\\left(\\text{74}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{6726}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]{m}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Neutron mass<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{674927351}\\left(\\text{74}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{6749}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[latex]\\text{u}[\/latex]<\/td><td>Atomic mass unit<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{660538921}\\left(\\text{73}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{6605}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"eip-903\" summary=\"Three column table of solar system data. Column one has only three entries: Sun, Earth, and Moon. Column two describes various measurements for each of these heavenly bodies, and column three lists the value for each measurement.\"><caption><span>Solar System Data<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td><strong>Sun<\/strong><\/td><td>mass<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{99}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{30}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>average radius<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{96}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{8}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Earth-sun distance (average)<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{496}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{11}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Earth<\/strong><\/td><td>mass<\/td><td>[latex]5\\text{.}\\text{9736}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{24}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>average radius<\/td><td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{376}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\text{m}[\/latex][latex][\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>orbital period<\/td><td>[latex]3\\text{.}\\text{16}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{7}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Moon<\/strong><\/td><td>mass<\/td><td>[latex]7\\text{.}\\text{35}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{22}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>average radius<\/td><td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{74}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>orbital period (average)<\/td><td>[latex]2\\text{.}\\text{36}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Earth-moon distance (average)<\/td><td>[latex]3\\text{.}\\text{84}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{8}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id1401348\" summary=\"Six-column table of metric prefixes. Columns one through three list the prefixes symbols, and values to the positive powers of ten. Columns four through six list the prefixes symbols, and values to the negative powers of ten.\"><caption><span>Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th>Prefix<\/th><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Value<\/th><th>Prefix<\/th><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>tera<\/td><td>T<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{\\text{12}}[\/latex]<\/td><td>deci<\/td><td>d<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-1}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>giga<\/td><td>G<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{9}[\/latex]<\/td><td>centi<\/td><td>c<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>mega<\/td><td>M<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{6}[\/latex]<\/td><td>milli<\/td><td>m<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-3}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>kilo<\/td><td>k<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{3}[\/latex]<\/td><td>micro<\/td><td>[latex]\\mu [\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-6}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>hecto<\/td><td>h<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>nano<\/td><td>n<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-9}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>deka<\/td><td>da<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{1}[\/latex]<\/td><td>pico<\/td><td>p<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{12}}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2014<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{0}\\left(=1\\right)[\/latex]<\/td><td>femto<\/td><td>f<\/td><td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{15}}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id1374373\" summary=\"Twelve-column table listing letters of the Greek alphabet. The first three columns contain the English spelling, the upper-case letter, and the lower-case letter, respectively. Columns four through six, seven through nine, and ten through twelve also follow this format.\"><caption><span>The Greek Alphabet<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td>Alpha<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0391}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td><td>Eta<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0397}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\eta [\/latex]<\/td><td>Nu<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u039d}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\nu [\/latex]<\/td><td>Tau<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a4}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Beta<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0392}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td><td>Theta<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0398}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td><td>Xi<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u039e}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\xi [\/latex]<\/td><td>Upsilon<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a5}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\upsilon [\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gamma<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0393}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\gamma [\/latex]<\/td><td>Iota<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0399}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\iota [\/latex]<\/td><td>Omicron<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u039f}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\u03bf[\/latex]<\/td><td>Phi<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a6}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\varphi [\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Delta<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0394}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\delta [\/latex]<\/td><td>Kappa<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u039a}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\kappa [\/latex]<\/td><td>Pi<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a0}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\pi [\/latex]<\/td><td>Chi<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a7}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\chi [\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Epsilon<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0395}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\epsilon [\/latex]<\/td><td>Lambda<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u039b}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\lambda [\/latex]<\/td><td>Rho<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a1}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\rho [\/latex]<\/td><td>Psi<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a8}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\psi [\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zeta<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u0396}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\zeta [\/latex]<\/td><td>Mu<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u039c}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\mu [\/latex]<\/td><td>Sigma<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{\u03a3}[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\sigma [\/latex]<\/td><td>Omega<\/td><td>[latex]\\Omega [\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]\\omega [\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id1376084\" summary=\"Four column table of SI Units. Column 1 serves to group the entries in the other three columns into three categories: Fundamental units, Supplementary units, and Derived units. Column two lists the Entity for each unit; column three the Abbreviation; column four the Name.\"><caption><span>SI Units<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Entity<\/th><th>Abbreviation<\/th><th>Name<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Fundamental units<\/strong><\/td><td>Length<\/td><td>m<\/td><td>meter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Mass<\/td><td>kg<\/td><td>kilogram<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Time<\/td><td>s<\/td><td>second<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Current<\/td><td>A<\/td><td>ampere<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Supplementary unit<\/strong><\/td><td>Angle<\/td><td>rad<\/td><td>radian<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Derived units<\/strong><\/td><td>Force<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{N}=\\text{kg}\\cdot \\text{m}\/{\\text{s}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>newton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{J}=\\text{kg}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{s}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>joule<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Power<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{W}=\\text{J}\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><td>watt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Pressure<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{Pa}=\\text{N}\/{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><td>pascal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Frequency<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{Hz}=1\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><td>hertz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Electronic potential<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{V}=\\text{J}\/\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td><td>volt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Capacitance<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{F}=\\text{C}\/\\text{V}[\/latex]<\/td><td>farad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Charge<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{C}=\\text{s}\\cdot \\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td><td>coulomb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Resistance<\/td><td>[latex]\\Omega =\\text{V}\/\\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td><td>ohm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Magnetic field<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{T}=\\text{N}\/\\left(\\text{A}\\cdot \\text{m}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td><td>tesla<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Nuclear decay rate<\/td><td>[latex]\\text{Bq}=1\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><td>becquerel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id2371652\" summary=\"Two-column table listing selected British units. Column 1 lists types of measurements. Column two contains equations for the conversion of British units to metric.\"><caption><span>Selected British Units<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td>Length<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{inch}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{in}\\text{.}\\right)=2\\text{.}\\text{54}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{cm}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{exactly}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{foot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{ft}\\right)=0\\text{.}\\text{3048}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{mile}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{mi}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{609}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Force<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{pound}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{lb}\\right)=4\\text{.}\\text{448}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{British thermal unit}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{Btu}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{055}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Power<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{horsepower}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{hp}\\right)=\\text{746}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{W}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pressure<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{lb}\/{\\text{in}}^{2}=6\\text{.}\\text{895}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id1528540\" summary=\"Two column table listing Other Units. Column one lists various types of measurements. Column two contains conversion equations between various units of measurement. Most of the entries in column one correspond to multiple rows in column two.\"><caption><span>Other Units<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td>Length<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{light year}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{ly}\\right)=9\\text{.}\\text{46}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{15}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{astronomical unit}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{au}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{50}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{11}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{nautical mile}=1\\text{.}\\text{852}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{angstrom}\\left(\\text{\u00c5}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}={\\text{10}}^{-\\text{10}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Area<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{acre}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{ac}\\right)=4\\text{.}\\text{05}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{square foot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left({\\text{ft}}^{2}\\right)=9\\text{.}\\text{29}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-2}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{barn}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(b\\right)={\\text{10}}^{-\\text{28}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Volume<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{liter}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(L\\right)={\\text{10}}^{-3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{3}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{U.S. gallon}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{gal}\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{785}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{3}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mass<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{solar mass}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}=1\\text{.}\\text{99}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{30}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{metric ton}={\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{atomic mass unit}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(u\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{6605}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Time<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{year}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(y\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{16}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{7}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{day}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(d\\right)=\\text{86},\\text{400}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Speed<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{mile per hour}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{mph}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{609}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}\/\\text{h}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{nautical mile per hour}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{naut}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{852}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}\/\\text{h}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Angle<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{degree}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\u00b0\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{745}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-2}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{minute of arc}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\left(}^{\\text{'}}\\right)=1\/\\text{60}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{degree}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{second of arc}\\text{}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\left(}^{\\text{''}}\\right)=1\/\\text{60}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{minute of arc}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{grad}=1\\text{.}\\text{571}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-2}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kiloton TNT}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{kT}\\right)=4\\text{.}2\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{12}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kilowatt hour}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{kW}\\cdot h\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{60}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{food calorie}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{kcal}\\right)=\\text{4186}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{calorie}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{cal}\\right)=4\\text{.}\\text{186}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{electron volt}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{eV}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{60}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{19}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pressure<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{atmosphere}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{atm}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{013}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{5}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{millimeter of mercury}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{mm}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Hg}\\right)=\\text{133}\\text{.}3\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{torricelli}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{torr}\\right)=1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{mm}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Hg}=\\text{133}\\text{.}3\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear decay rate<\/td><td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{curie}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{Ci}\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{70}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{10}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Bq}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table id=\"import-auto-id1610756\" summary=\"Two-column table of Useful formulae. Entries in column one describe the mathematical formulae in column two.\"><caption><span>Useful Formulae<\/span><\/caption><tbody><tr><td>Circumference of a circle with radius [latex]r[\/latex] or diameter [latex]d[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]C=2\\pi r=\\mathrm{\\pi d}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Area of a circle with radius [latex]r[\/latex] or diameter [latex]d[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]A={\\mathrm{\\pi r}}^{2}={\\mathrm{\\pi d}}^{2}\/4[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Area of a sphere with radius [latex]r[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]A=4{\\pi r}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Volume of a sphere with radius [latex]r[\/latex]<\/td><td>[latex]V=\\left(4\/3\\right)\\left({\\mathrm{\\pi r}}^{3}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><h2>Footnotes<\/h2><ol><li><a href=\"#footnote-ref1\" id=\"footnote1\">1<\/a>  Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu\">www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu<\/a> (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.<\/li><li><a href=\"#footnote-ref2\" id=\"footnote2\">2<\/a>  Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu\">www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu<\/a> (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>","rendered":"<p id=\"import-auto-id2300397\">This appendix is broken into several tables.<\/p>\n<ul id=\"eip-856\">\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1211982\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Important Constants<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1125517\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Submicroscopic Masses<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#eip-903\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Solar System Data<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1401348\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1374373\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, The Greek Alphabet<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1376084\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, SI units<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id2371652\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Selected British Units<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1528540\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Other Units<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#import-auto-id1610756\" class=\"autogenerated-content\">(Figure)<\/a>, Useful Formulae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1211982\" summary=\"Four-column table of Important Constants. Column one lists the constant&#x2019;s symbol. Column two lists its meaning. Column three lists its best value, and column four lists its approximate value.\">\n<caption><span>Important Constants<sup><a href=\"#footnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Symbol<\/th>\n<th>Meaning<\/th>\n<th>Best Value<\/th>\n<th>Approximate Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Speed of light in vacuum<\/td>\n<td>[latex]2\\text{.}\\text{99792458}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{m}\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]3\\text{.}\\text{00}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{m}\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Gravitational constant<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{67408}\\left(\\text{31}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{11}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{kg}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{67}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{11}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{kg}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{N}_{A}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Avogadro\u2019s number<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{02214129}\\left(\\text{27}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{\\text{23}}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{02}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{\\text{23}}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Boltzmann\u2019s constant<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{3806488}\\left(\\text{13}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{23}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{38}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{23}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Gas constant<\/td>\n<td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{3144621}\\left(\\text{75}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{31}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}=1\\text{.}\\text{99}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{cal}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}=0\\text{.}\\text{0821}\\text{atm}\\cdot \\text{L}\/\\text{mol}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03c3}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Stefan-Boltzmann constant<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5\\text{.}\\text{670373}\\left(\\text{21}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{W}\/{\\text{m}}^{2}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5\\text{.}\\text{67}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-8}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{W}\/{\\text{m}}^{2}\\cdot \\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Coulomb force constant<\/td>\n<td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{987551788}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{9}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{C}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]8.99\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{9}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{C}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{q}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Charge on electron<\/td>\n<td>[latex]-1\\text{.}\\text{602176565}\\left(\\text{35}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{19}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]-1\\text{.}\\text{60}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{19}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{\u03b5}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Permittivity of free space<\/td>\n<td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{854187817}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\text{.}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{12}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{C}}^{2}\/\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]8\\text{.}\\text{85}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{12}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{C}}^{2}\/\\text{N}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{\u03bc}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Permeability of free space<\/td>\n<td>[latex]4\\pi \\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-7}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{T}\\cdot \\text{m}\/\\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{26}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-6}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{T}\\cdot \\text{m}\/\\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Planck\u2019s constant<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{62606957}\\left(\\text{29}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{34}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\\cdot \\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{63}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\u00d7\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{34}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.15em}{0ex}}\\text{J}\\cdot \\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1125517\" summary=\"Four-column table of submicroscopic masses. Column one lists the symbol. Column two lists its meaning. Column three lists its best value, and column four lists its approximate value.\">\n<caption><span>Submicroscopic Masses<sup><a href=\"#footnote2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Symbol<\/th>\n<th>Meaning<\/th>\n<th>Best Value<\/th>\n<th>Approximate Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{m}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Electron mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]9\\text{.}\\text{10938291}\\left(\\text{40}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{31}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]9\\text{.}\\text{11}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{31}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{m}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Proton mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{672621777}\\left(\\text{74}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{6726}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]{m}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Neutron mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{674927351}\\left(\\text{74}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{6749}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[latex]\\text{u}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Atomic mass unit<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{660538921}\\left(\\text{73}\\right)\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{6605}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"eip-903\" summary=\"Three column table of solar system data. Column one has only three entries: Sun, Earth, and Moon. Column two describes various measurements for each of these heavenly bodies, and column three lists the value for each measurement.\">\n<caption><span>Solar System Data<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sun<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{99}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{30}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>average radius<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{96}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{8}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Earth-sun distance (average)<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{496}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{11}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Earth<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5\\text{.}\\text{9736}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{24}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>average radius<\/td>\n<td>[latex]6\\text{.}\\text{376}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\text{m}[\/latex][latex][\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>orbital period<\/td>\n<td>[latex]3\\text{.}\\text{16}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{7}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Moon<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]7\\text{.}\\text{35}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{22}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>average radius<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\text{.}\\text{74}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>orbital period (average)<\/td>\n<td>[latex]2\\text{.}\\text{36}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Earth-moon distance (average)<\/td>\n<td>[latex]3\\text{.}\\text{84}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{8}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1401348\" summary=\"Six-column table of metric prefixes. Columns one through three list the prefixes symbols, and values to the positive powers of ten. Columns four through six list the prefixes symbols, and values to the negative powers of ten.\">\n<caption><span>Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols<\/span><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Prefix<\/th>\n<th>Symbol<\/th>\n<th>Value<\/th>\n<th>Prefix<\/th>\n<th>Symbol<\/th>\n<th>Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>tera<\/td>\n<td>T<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{\\text{12}}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>deci<\/td>\n<td>d<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-1}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>giga<\/td>\n<td>G<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{9}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>centi<\/td>\n<td>c<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>mega<\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{6}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>milli<\/td>\n<td>m<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-3}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>kilo<\/td>\n<td>k<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{3}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>micro<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\mu[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-6}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>hecto<\/td>\n<td>h<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>nano<\/td>\n<td>n<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-9}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>deka<\/td>\n<td>da<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{1}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>pico<\/td>\n<td>p<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{12}}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{0}\\left(=1\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>femto<\/td>\n<td>f<\/td>\n<td>[latex]{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{15}}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1374373\" summary=\"Twelve-column table listing letters of the Greek alphabet. The first three columns contain the English spelling, the upper-case letter, and the lower-case letter, respectively. Columns four through six, seven through nine, and ten through twelve also follow this format.\">\n<caption><span>The Greek Alphabet<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Alpha<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0391}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\alpha[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Eta<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0397}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\eta[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Nu<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u039d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\nu[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Tau<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a4}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\tau[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Beta<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0392}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\beta[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Theta<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0398}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Xi<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u039e}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\xi[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Upsilon<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a5}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\upsilon[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gamma<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0393}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Iota<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0399}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\iota[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Omicron<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u039f}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\u03bf[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Phi<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a6}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\varphi[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Delta<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0394}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\delta[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Kappa<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u039a}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\kappa[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Pi<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a0}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\pi[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Chi<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a7}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\chi[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Epsilon<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0395}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\epsilon[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Lambda<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u039b}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\lambda[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Rho<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a1}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\rho[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Psi<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a8}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\psi[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zeta<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u0396}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\zeta[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Mu<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u039c}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\mu[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Sigma<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{\u03a3}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\sigma[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>Omega<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\Omega[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\omega[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1376084\" summary=\"Four column table of SI Units. Column 1 serves to group the entries in the other three columns into three categories: Fundamental units, Supplementary units, and Derived units. Column two lists the Entity for each unit; column three the Abbreviation; column four the Name.\">\n<caption><span>SI Units<\/span><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Entity<\/th>\n<th>Abbreviation<\/th>\n<th>Name<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Fundamental units<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Length<\/td>\n<td>m<\/td>\n<td>meter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Mass<\/td>\n<td>kg<\/td>\n<td>kilogram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Time<\/td>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<td>second<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Current<\/td>\n<td>A<\/td>\n<td>ampere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Supplementary unit<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Angle<\/td>\n<td>rad<\/td>\n<td>radian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Derived units<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Force<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{N}=\\text{kg}\\cdot \\text{m}\/{\\text{s}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>newton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Energy<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{J}=\\text{kg}\\cdot {\\text{m}}^{2}\/{\\text{s}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>joule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Power<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{W}=\\text{J}\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>watt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Pressure<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{Pa}=\\text{N}\/{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>pascal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Frequency<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{Hz}=1\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>hertz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Electronic potential<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{V}=\\text{J}\/\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>volt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Capacitance<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{F}=\\text{C}\/\\text{V}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>farad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Charge<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{C}=\\text{s}\\cdot \\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>coulomb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Resistance<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\Omega =\\text{V}\/\\text{A}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>ohm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Magnetic field<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{T}=\\text{N}\/\\left(\\text{A}\\cdot \\text{m}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>tesla<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Nuclear decay rate<\/td>\n<td>[latex]\\text{Bq}=1\/\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>becquerel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id2371652\" summary=\"Two-column table listing selected British units. Column 1 lists types of measurements. Column two contains equations for the conversion of British units to metric.\">\n<caption><span>Selected British Units<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Length<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{inch}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{in}\\text{.}\\right)=2\\text{.}\\text{54}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{cm}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{exactly}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{foot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{ft}\\right)=0\\text{.}\\text{3048}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{mile}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{mi}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{609}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Force<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{pound}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{lb}\\right)=4\\text{.}\\text{448}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Energy<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{British thermal unit}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{Btu}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{055}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Power<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{horsepower}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{hp}\\right)=\\text{746}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{W}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pressure<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{lb}\/{\\text{in}}^{2}=6\\text{.}\\text{895}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1528540\" summary=\"Two column table listing Other Units. Column one lists various types of measurements. Column two contains conversion equations between various units of measurement. Most of the entries in column one correspond to multiple rows in column two.\">\n<caption><span>Other Units<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Length<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{light year}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{ly}\\right)=9\\text{.}\\text{46}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{15}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{astronomical unit}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{au}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{50}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{11}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{nautical mile}=1\\text{.}\\text{852}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{angstrom}\\left(\\text{\u00c5}\\right)\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}={\\text{10}}^{-\\text{10}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Area<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{acre}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{ac}\\right)=4\\text{.}\\text{05}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{square foot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left({\\text{ft}}^{2}\\right)=9\\text{.}\\text{29}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-2}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{barn}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(b\\right)={\\text{10}}^{-\\text{28}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Volume<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{liter}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(L\\right)={\\text{10}}^{-3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{3}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{U.S. gallon}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{gal}\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{785}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\text{m}}^{3}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mass<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{solar mass}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}=1\\text{.}\\text{99}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{30}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{metric ton}={\\text{10}}^{3}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{atomic mass unit}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(u\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{6605}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{27}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Time<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{year}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(y\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{16}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{7}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{day}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(d\\right)=\\text{86},\\text{400}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Speed<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{mile per hour}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{mph}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{609}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}\/\\text{h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{nautical mile per hour}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{naut}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{852}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{km}\/\\text{h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Angle<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{degree}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\u00b0\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{745}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-2}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{minute of arc}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\left(}^{\\text{'}}\\right)=1\/\\text{60}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{degree}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{second of arc}\\text{}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{\\left(}^{\\text{''}}\\right)=1\/\\text{60}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{minute of arc}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{grad}=1\\text{.}\\text{571}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-2}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Energy<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kiloton TNT}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{kT}\\right)=4\\text{.}2\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{12}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{kilowatt hour}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{kW}\\cdot h\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{60}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{6}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{food calorie}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{kcal}\\right)=\\text{4186}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{calorie}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{cal}\\right)=4\\text{.}\\text{186}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{electron volt}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{eV}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{60}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{-\\text{19}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pressure<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{atmosphere}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{atm}\\right)=1\\text{.}\\text{013}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{5}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{millimeter of mercury}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{mm}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Hg}\\right)=\\text{133}\\text{.}3\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{torricelli}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{torr}\\right)=1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{mm}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Hg}=\\text{133}\\text{.}3\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nuclear decay rate<\/td>\n<td>[latex]1\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{curie}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\left(\\text{Ci}\\right)=3\\text{.}\\text{70}\u00d7{\\text{10}}^{\\text{10}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{Bq}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"import-auto-id1610756\" summary=\"Two-column table of Useful formulae. Entries in column one describe the mathematical formulae in column two.\">\n<caption><span>Useful Formulae<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Circumference of a circle with radius [latex]r[\/latex] or diameter [latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]C=2\\pi r=\\mathrm{\\pi d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Area of a circle with radius [latex]r[\/latex] or diameter [latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]A={\\mathrm{\\pi r}}^{2}={\\mathrm{\\pi d}}^{2}\/4[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Area of a sphere with radius [latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]A=4{\\pi r}^{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Volume of a sphere with radius [latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]V=\\left(4\/3\\right)\\left({\\mathrm{\\pi r}}^{3}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<h2>Footnotes<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#footnote-ref1\" id=\"footnote1\">1<\/a>  Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu\">www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu<\/a> (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#footnote-ref2\" id=\"footnote2\">2<\/a>  Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu\">www.physics.nist.gov\/cuu<\/a> (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":211,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1675","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/211"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1675\/revisions"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1675\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=1675"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1675"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}