{"id":1676,"date":"2017-10-27T13:04:50","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T17:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/back-matter\/glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/"},"modified":"2017-10-27T13:04:50","modified_gmt":"2017-10-27T17:04:50","slug":"glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/test3\/back-matter\/glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation","rendered":"Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation"},"content":{"raw":"

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.<\/p>
Symbol<\/th>Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
[latex]\\overline{\\text{any symbol}}[\/latex]<\/td>average (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., [latex]\\overline{v}[\/latex] is average velocity)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\u00b0\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>Celsius degree<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\u00b0\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>Fahrenheit degree<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{\/\/}[\/latex]<\/td>parallel<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\perp [\/latex]<\/td>perpendicular<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\propto [\/latex]<\/td>proportional to<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\u00b1[\/latex]<\/td>plus or minus<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\phantom{\\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>zero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td>alpha rays<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td>angular acceleration <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td>temperature coefficient(s) of resistivity <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td>beta rays <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td>sound level<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td>volume coefficient of expansion<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\beta }^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>electron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\beta }^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>positron decay<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\gamma [\/latex]<\/td>gamma rays<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\gamma [\/latex]<\/td>surface tension<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\gamma =1\/\\sqrt{1-{v}^{2}\/{c}^{2}}[\/latex]<\/td>a constant used in relativity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\Delta [\/latex]<\/td>change in whatever quantity follows<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\delta [\/latex]<\/td>uncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta E}[\/latex]<\/td>change in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta E}[\/latex]<\/td>uncertainty in energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta m}[\/latex]<\/td>difference in mass between initial and final products<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta N}[\/latex]<\/td>number of decays that occur<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta p}[\/latex]<\/td>change in momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta p}[\/latex]<\/td>uncertainty in momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\Delta {\\text{PE}}_{\\text{g}}[\/latex]<\/td>change in gravitational potential energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta \\theta }[\/latex]<\/td>rotation angle<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta s}[\/latex]<\/td>distance traveled along a circular path<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta t}[\/latex]<\/td>uncertainty in time<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathrm{\\Delta t}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>proper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta V}[\/latex]<\/td>potential difference<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta x}[\/latex]<\/td>uncertainty in position<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\epsilon }_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>permittivity of free space<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\eta [\/latex]<\/td>viscosity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>angle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>angle between two lines<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>contact angle<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>direction of the resultant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\theta }_{b}[\/latex]<\/td>Brewster's angle<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\theta }_{c}[\/latex]<\/td>critical angle<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\kappa [\/latex]<\/td>dielectric constant <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\lambda [\/latex]<\/td>decay constant of a nuclide<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\lambda [\/latex]<\/td>wavelength<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\lambda }_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>wavelength in a medium<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mu }_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>permeability of free space<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mu }_{\\text{k}}[\/latex]<\/td>coefficient of kinetic friction<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mu }_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>coefficient of static friction<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{v}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>electron neutrino<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\pi }^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>positive pion<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\pi }^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>negative pion<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\pi }^{0}[\/latex]<\/td>neutral pion<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\rho [\/latex]<\/td>density<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\rho }_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>critical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\rho }_{\\text{fl}}[\/latex]<\/td>fluid density<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\overline{\\rho }}_{\\text{obj}}[\/latex]<\/td>average density of an object<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\rho \/{\\rho }_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>specific gravity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td>characteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance [latex]\\left(\\text{RL}\\right)[\/latex] or resistance and capacitance [latex]\\left(\\text{RC}\\right)[\/latex] circuit<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td>characteristic time for a resistor and capacitor [latex]\\left(\\text{RC}\\right)[\/latex] circuit<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td>torque<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\u03a5[\/latex]<\/td>upsilon meson<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\Phi [\/latex]<\/td>magnetic flux<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\varphi [\/latex]<\/td>phase angle<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\Omega [\/latex]<\/td>ohm (unit)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\omega [\/latex]<\/td>angular velocity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>ampere (current unit)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>area<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>cross-sectional area<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>total number of nucleons<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]a[\/latex]<\/td>acceleration<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{a}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>Bohr radius<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{a}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>centripetal acceleration<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{a}_{\\text{t}}[\/latex]<\/td>tangential acceleration<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{AC}[\/latex]<\/td>alternating current<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{AM}[\/latex]<\/td>amplitude modulation<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{atm}[\/latex]<\/td>atmosphere<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>baryon number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>blue quark color<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\overline{B}[\/latex]<\/td>antiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]b[\/latex]<\/td>quark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>bulk modulus<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>magnetic field strength<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{B}}_{\\text{int}}[\/latex]<\/td>electron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{B}}_{\\text{orb}}[\/latex]<\/td>orbital magnetic field<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{BE}[\/latex]<\/td>binding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{BE}\/A[\/latex]<\/td>binding energy per nucleon<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{Bq}[\/latex]<\/td>becquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]C[\/latex]<\/td>capacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]C[\/latex]<\/td>coulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{C}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>total capacitance in parallel<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{C}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>total capacitance in series<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{CG}[\/latex]<\/td>center of gravity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{CM}[\/latex]<\/td>center of mass<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>quark flavor charm<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>specific heat<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>speed of light<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{Cal}[\/latex]<\/td>kilocalorie<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{cal}[\/latex]<\/td>calorie<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{hp}}[\/latex]<\/td>heat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{ref}}[\/latex]<\/td>coefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{cos}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>cosine<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{cot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>cotangent<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{csc}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>cosecant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]D[\/latex]<\/td>diffusion constant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>displacement<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>quark flavor down<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{dB}[\/latex]<\/td>decibel<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{d}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>distance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{d}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>distance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{DC}[\/latex]<\/td>direct current<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>electric field strength<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\epsilon [\/latex]<\/td>emf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{emf}[\/latex]<\/td>electromotive force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>energy of a single photon<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>nuclear reaction energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>relativistic total energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>total energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{E}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>ground state energy for hydrogen<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{E}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>rest energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{EC}[\/latex]<\/td>electron capture<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{E}_{\\text{cap}}[\/latex]<\/td>energy stored in a capacitor<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{Eff}[\/latex]<\/td>efficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{Eff}}_{\\text{C}}[\/latex]<\/td>Carnot efficiency<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{E}_{\\text{in}}[\/latex]<\/td>energy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{E}_{\\text{ind}}[\/latex]<\/td>energy stored in an inductor<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{E}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>energy output<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]e[\/latex]<\/td>emissivity of an object<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{e}^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>antielectron or positron<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{eV}[\/latex]<\/td>electron volt<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>farad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>focal point of a lens<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{F}}[\/latex]<\/td>force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]F[\/latex]<\/td>magnitude of a force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]F[\/latex]<\/td>restoring force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{F}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>buoyant force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{F}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>centripetal force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{F}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>force input<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{F}}}_{\\text{net}}[\/latex]<\/td>net force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{F}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>force output<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{FM}[\/latex]<\/td>frequency modulation<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]f[\/latex]<\/td>focal length<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]f[\/latex]<\/td>frequency<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>resonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance [latex]\\left(\\text{RLC}\\right)[\/latex] series circuit<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>threshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{1}[\/latex]<\/td>fundamental<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>first overtone<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{3}[\/latex]<\/td>second overtone<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>beat frequency<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{\\text{k}}[\/latex]<\/td>magnitude of kinetic friction<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{f}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>magnitude of static friction<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>gravitational constant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>green quark color<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\overline{G}[\/latex]<\/td>antigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]g[\/latex]<\/td>acceleration due to gravity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]g[\/latex]<\/td>gluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>change in vertical position<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>height above some reference point<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>maximum height of a projectile<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>Planck's constant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{hf}[\/latex]<\/td>photon energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{h}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>height of the image<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{h}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>height of the object<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>electric current<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>intensity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>intensity of a transmitted wave<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>moment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{I}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>intensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{I}_{\\text{ave}}[\/latex]<\/td>average intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{I}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>average current<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>joule<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]J\/\\text{\u03a8}[\/latex]<\/td>\nJoules\/psi meson\n <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>kelvin<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>Boltzmann constant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>force constant of a spring<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{K}_{\\alpha }[\/latex]<\/td>x rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=1[\/latex] shell vacancy from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{K}_{\\beta }[\/latex]<\/td>x rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=2[\/latex] shell vacancy from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{kcal}[\/latex]<\/td>kilocalorie<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{KE}[\/latex]<\/td>translational kinetic energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{KE}+\\text{PE}[\/latex]<\/td>mechanical energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>kinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{\\text{rel}}[\/latex]<\/td>relativistic kinetic energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{\\text{rot}}[\/latex]<\/td>rotational kinetic energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\overline{\\text{KE}}[\/latex]<\/td>thermal energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>kilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>angular momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{L}[\/latex]<\/td>liter<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>magnitude of angular momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>self-inductance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\ell [\/latex]<\/td>angular momentum quantum number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\alpha }[\/latex]<\/td>x rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=2[\/latex] shell from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>electron total family number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\mu }[\/latex]<\/td>muon family total number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\tau }[\/latex]<\/td>tau family total number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\text{f}}[\/latex]<\/td>heat of fusion<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\text{f}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{and}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{L}_{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>latent heat coefficients<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{L}}_{\\text{orb}}[\/latex]<\/td>orbital angular momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>heat of sublimation<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>heat of vaporization<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{L}_{z}[\/latex]<\/td>z<\/em> - component of the angular momentum\n \n <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]M[\/latex]<\/td>angular magnification<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]M[\/latex]<\/td>mutual inductance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>indicates metastable state<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>magnification<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>mass<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>mass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>meter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>order of interference<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>overall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]m\\left({\\text{}}^{A}\\text{X}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>atomic mass of a nuclide<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{MA}[\/latex]<\/td>mechanical advantage<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{\\text{e}}[\/latex]<\/td>magnification of the eyepiece<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>mass of the electron<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{\\ell }[\/latex]<\/td>angular momentum projection quantum number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>mass of a neutron<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>magnification of the objective lens<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{mol}[\/latex]<\/td>mole<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>mass of a proton<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{m}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>spin projection quantum number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]N[\/latex]<\/td>magnitude of the normal force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td>newton<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{N}}[\/latex]<\/td>normal force<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]N[\/latex]<\/td>number of neutrons<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]n[\/latex]<\/td>index of refraction<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]n[\/latex]<\/td>number of free charges per unit volume<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{N}_{\\text{A}}[\/latex]<\/td>Avogadro's number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{N}_{\\text{r}}[\/latex]<\/td>Reynolds number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{N}\\cdot \\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>newton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{N}\\cdot \\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>newtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{OE}[\/latex]<\/td>other energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>power<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>power of a lens<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>pressure<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]p[\/latex]<\/td>momentum magnitude<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]p[\/latex]<\/td>relativistic momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{p}}}_{\\text{tot}}[\/latex]<\/td>total momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{p}}}_{\\text{tot}}^{\\text{'}}[\/latex]<\/td>total momentum some time later<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{P}_{\\text{abs}}[\/latex]<\/td>absolute pressure<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{P}_{\\text{atm}}[\/latex]<\/td>atmospheric pressure<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{P}_{\\text{atm}}[\/latex]<\/td>standard atmospheric pressure<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{PE}[\/latex]<\/td>potential energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{el}}[\/latex]<\/td>elastic potential energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{elec}}[\/latex]<\/td>electric potential energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>potential energy of a spring<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{P}_{\\text{g}}[\/latex]<\/td>gauge pressure<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{P}_{\\text{in}}[\/latex]<\/td>power consumption or input<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{P}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>useful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>latent heat<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>net heat transferred into a system<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>flow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]+Q[\/latex]<\/td>positive charge<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]-Q[\/latex]<\/td>negative charge<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]q[\/latex]<\/td>electron charge<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{q}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>charge of a proton<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]q[\/latex]<\/td>test charge<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{QF}[\/latex]<\/td>quality factor<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>activity, the rate of decay<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>radius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>red quark color<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\overline{R}[\/latex]<\/td>antired (cyan) quark color<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>resistance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{R}[\/latex]<\/td>resultant or total displacement<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>Rydberg constant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>universal gas constant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>distance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>internal resistance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{r}_{\\perp }[\/latex]<\/td>perpendicular lever arm<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>radius of a nucleus<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>radius of curvature<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>resistivity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{r or rad}[\/latex]<\/td>radiation dose unit<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{rem}[\/latex]<\/td>roentgen equivalent man<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td>radian<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{RBE}[\/latex]<\/td>relative biological effectiveness<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{RC}[\/latex]<\/td>resistor and capacitor circuit<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{rms}[\/latex]<\/td>root mean square<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{r}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\n radius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit\n <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{R}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>total resistance of a parallel connection<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{R}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>total resistance of a series connection<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{R}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>Schwarzschild radius<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>entropy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{S}}[\/latex]<\/td>intrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>magnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>shear modulus<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>strangeness quantum number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]s[\/latex]<\/td>quark flavor strange<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>second (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]s[\/latex]<\/td>spin quantum number<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>total displacement<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{sec}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>secant<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{sin}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>sine<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{s}_{z}[\/latex]<\/td>z<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum\n <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>period\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>temperature<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{T}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>critical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>tension<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{T}[\/latex]<\/td>\n tesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>) <\/td><\/tr>
[latex]t[\/latex]<\/td>quark flavor top or truth<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]t[\/latex]<\/td>time<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{t}_{1\/2}[\/latex]<\/td>half-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{tan}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>tangent<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]U[\/latex]<\/td>internal energy<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]u[\/latex]<\/td>quark flavor up<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{u}[\/latex]<\/td>unified atomic mass unit<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{u}}[\/latex]<\/td>velocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{u}}}^{\\mathbf{\\text{'}}}[\/latex]<\/td>velocity relative to another observer<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>electric potential<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>terminal voltage<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{V}[\/latex]<\/td>volt (unit)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>volume<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>relative velocity between two observers<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]v[\/latex]<\/td>speed of light in a material<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>velocity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\overline{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}[\/latex]<\/td>average fluid velocity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{V}_{\\text{B}}-{V}_{\\text{A}}[\/latex]<\/td>change in potential<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{d}}[\/latex]<\/td>drift velocity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{V}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>transformer input voltage<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{V}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>rms voltage<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{V}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>transformer output voltage<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{tot}}[\/latex]<\/td>total velocity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{v}_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>propagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>wave velocity<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]W[\/latex]<\/td>work<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]W[\/latex]<\/td>net work done by a system<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{W}[\/latex]<\/td>watt<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]w[\/latex]<\/td>weight<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{w}_{\\text{fl}}[\/latex]<\/td>weight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{W}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>total work done by all conservative forces<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{W}_{\\text{nc}}[\/latex]<\/td>total work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{W}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>useful work output<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]X[\/latex]<\/td>amplitude<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]\\text{X}[\/latex]<\/td>symbol for an element<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{\\text{}}^{Z}{X}_{N}[\/latex]<\/td>notation for a particular nuclide<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>deformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>displacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>horizontal axis<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{X}_{\\text{C}}[\/latex]<\/td>capacitive reactance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{X}_{\\text{L}}[\/latex]<\/td>inductive reactance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]{x}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>root mean square diffusion distance<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]y[\/latex]<\/td>vertical axis<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]Y[\/latex]<\/td>elastic modulus or Young's modulus<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]Z[\/latex]<\/td>atomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td><\/tr>
[latex]Z[\/latex]<\/td>impedance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>","rendered":"

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Symbol<\/th>\nDefinition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{any symbol}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., [latex]\\overline{v}[\/latex] is average velocity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u00b0\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\nCelsius degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u00b0\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{\/\/}[\/latex]<\/td>\nparallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\perp[\/latex]<\/td>\nperpendicular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\propto[\/latex]<\/td>\nproportional to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u00b1[\/latex]<\/td>\nplus or minus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\phantom{\\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\alpha[\/latex]<\/td>\nalpha rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\alpha[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular acceleration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\alpha[\/latex]<\/td>\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\beta[\/latex]<\/td>\nbeta rays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\beta[\/latex]<\/td>\nsound level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\beta[\/latex]<\/td>\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\beta }^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\beta }^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\npositron decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\ngamma rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\nsurface tension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\gamma =1\/\\sqrt{1-{v}^{2}\/{c}^{2}}[\/latex]<\/td>\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Delta[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\delta[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta E}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta E}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta m}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta N}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta p}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta p}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Delta {\\text{PE}}_{\\text{g}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta \\theta }[\/latex]<\/td>\nrotation angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta s}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta t}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathrm{\\Delta t}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta V}[\/latex]<\/td>\npotential difference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta x}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\epsilon }_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\eta[\/latex]<\/td>\nviscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\nangle between two lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\ncontact angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\theta }_{b}[\/latex]<\/td>\nBrewster’s angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\theta }_{c}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncritical angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\kappa[\/latex]<\/td>\ndielectric constant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\lambda[\/latex]<\/td>\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\lambda[\/latex]<\/td>\nwavelength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\lambda }_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mu }_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\npermeability of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mu }_{\\text{k}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mu }_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{v}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\pi }^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\npositive pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\pi }^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnegative pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\pi }^{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nneutral pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\rho[\/latex]<\/td>\ndensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\rho }_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\rho }_{\\text{fl}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfluid density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\overline{\\rho }}_{\\text{obj}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage density of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\rho \/{\\rho }_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nspecific gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\tau[\/latex]<\/td>\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance [latex]\\left(\\text{RL}\\right)[\/latex] or resistance and capacitance [latex]\\left(\\text{RC}\\right)[\/latex] circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\tau[\/latex]<\/td>\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor [latex]\\left(\\text{RC}\\right)[\/latex] circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\tau[\/latex]<\/td>\ntorque<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u03a5[\/latex]<\/td>\nupsilon meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Phi[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\varphi[\/latex]<\/td>\nphase angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Omega[\/latex]<\/td>\nohm (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\omega[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\narea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]a[\/latex]<\/td>\nacceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{a}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nBohr radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{a}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{a}_{\\text{t}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{AC}[\/latex]<\/td>\nalternating current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{AM}[\/latex]<\/td>\namplitude modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{atm}[\/latex]<\/td>\natmosphere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nbaryon number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nblue quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{B}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]b[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nbulk modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{B}}_{\\text{int}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{B}}_{\\text{orb}}[\/latex]<\/td>\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{BE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{BE}\/A[\/latex]<\/td>\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{Bq}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]C[\/latex]<\/td>\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]C[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{C}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{C}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{CG}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{CM}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncenter of mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\nspecific heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\nspeed of light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{Cal}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{cal}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{hp}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{ref}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{cos}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\ncosine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{cot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\ncotangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{csc}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\ncosecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]D[\/latex]<\/td>\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>\ndisplacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{dB}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndecibel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{d}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{d}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{DC}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndirect current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\epsilon[\/latex]<\/td>\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{emf}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrest energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{EC}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron capture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{cap}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{Eff}[\/latex]<\/td>\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{Eff}}_{\\text{C}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{in}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{ind}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]e[\/latex]<\/td>\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{e}^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{eV}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron volt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{F}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]F[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]F[\/latex]<\/td>\nrestoring force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbuoyant force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncentripetal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{F}}}_{\\text{net}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnet force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{FM}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]f[\/latex]<\/td>\nfocal length<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]f[\/latex]<\/td>\nfrequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance [latex]\\left(\\text{RLC}\\right)[\/latex] series circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{1}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfundamental<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfirst overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{3}[\/latex]<\/td>\nsecond overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbeat frequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{\\text{k}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>\ngravitational constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>\ngreen quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{G}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]g[\/latex]<\/td>\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]g[\/latex]<\/td>\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nPlanck’s constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{hf}[\/latex]<\/td>\nphoton energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{h}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheight of the image<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{h}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheight of the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nintensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{I}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{I}_{\\text{ave}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{I}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\njoule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]J\/\\text{\u03a8}[\/latex]<\/td>\n\nJoules\/psi meson\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkelvin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{K}_{\\alpha }[\/latex]<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=1[\/latex] shell vacancy from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{K}_{\\beta }[\/latex]<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=2[\/latex] shell vacancy from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{kcal}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{KE}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{KE}+\\text{PE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmechanical energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{\\text{rel}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{\\text{rot}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{KE}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nthermal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{L}[\/latex]<\/td>\nliter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>\nself-inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\ell[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\alpha }[\/latex]<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=2[\/latex] shell from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron total family number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\mu }[\/latex]<\/td>\nmuon family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\tau }[\/latex]<\/td>\ntau family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{f}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat of fusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{f}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{and}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{L}_{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{L}}_{\\text{orb}}[\/latex]<\/td>\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{z}[\/latex]<\/td>\nz<\/em> – component of the angular momentum<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]M[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular magnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]M[\/latex]<\/td>\nmutual inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\norder of interference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m\\left({\\text{}}^{A}\\text{X}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{MA}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\text{e}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of the electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\ell }[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{mol}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]N[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnewton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{N}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnormal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]N[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]n[\/latex]<\/td>\nindex of refraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]n[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{N}_{\\text{A}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nAvogadro’s number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{N}_{\\text{r}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nReynolds number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{N}\\cdot \\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{N}\\cdot \\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{OE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nother energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>\npower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>\npower of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>\npressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmomentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]p[\/latex]<\/td>\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]p[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{p}}}_{\\text{tot}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{p}}}_{\\text{tot}}^{\\text{'}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{abs}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{atm}}[\/latex]<\/td>\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{atm}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{PE}[\/latex]<\/td>\npotential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{el}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{elec}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{g}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ngauge pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{in}}[\/latex]<\/td>\npower consumption or input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nlatent heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]+Q[\/latex]<\/td>\npositive charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]-Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nnegative charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]q[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{q}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]q[\/latex]<\/td>\ntest charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{QF}[\/latex]<\/td>\nquality factor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nred quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{R}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nresistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{R}[\/latex]<\/td>\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nRydberg constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\ninternal resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{r}_{\\perp }[\/latex]<\/td>\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\nradius of curvature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\nresistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{r or rad}[\/latex]<\/td>\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{rem}[\/latex]<\/td>\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td>\nradian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{RBE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{RC}[\/latex]<\/td>\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{rms}[\/latex]<\/td>\nroot mean square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{r}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\n\n radius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{R}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{R}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{R}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nentropy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{S}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nshear modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]s[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]s[\/latex]<\/td>\nspin quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{sec}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\nsecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{sin}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\nsine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{s}_{z}[\/latex]<\/td>\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>\ntemperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{T}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>\ntension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{T}[\/latex]<\/td>\n\n tesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]t[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]t[\/latex]<\/td>\ntime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{t}_{1\/2}[\/latex]<\/td>\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{tan}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta[\/latex]<\/td>\ntangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]U[\/latex]<\/td>\ninternal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]u[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{u}[\/latex]<\/td>\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{u}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{u}}}^{\\mathbf{\\text{'}}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>\nterminal voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{V}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>\nvolume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]v[\/latex]<\/td>\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvelocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{B}}-{V}_{\\text{A}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{d}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndrift velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrms voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{tot}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{v}_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nwave velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]W[\/latex]<\/td>\nwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]W[\/latex]<\/td>\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{W}[\/latex]<\/td>\nwatt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]w[\/latex]<\/td>\nweight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{w}_{\\text{fl}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{W}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{W}_{\\text{nc}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{W}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuseful work output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]X[\/latex]<\/td>\namplitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{X}[\/latex]<\/td>\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{}}^{Z}{X}_{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{X}_{\\text{C}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{X}_{\\text{L}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ninductive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{x}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]y[\/latex]<\/td>\nvertical axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Y[\/latex]<\/td>\nelastic modulus or Young’s modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Z[\/latex]<\/td>\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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