{"id":237,"date":"2017-11-18T06:34:08","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T11:34:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=237"},"modified":"2017-11-18T06:34:08","modified_gmt":"2017-11-18T11:34:08","slug":"3-1-bes-ogretim-yaklasimi","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/3-1-bes-ogretim-yaklasimi\/","title":{"raw":"3.1 BE\u015e \u00d6\u011eRET\u0130M YAKLA\u015eIMI","rendered":"3.1 BE\u015e \u00d6\u011eRET\u0130M YAKLA\u015eIMI"},"content":{"raw":"\u00d6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri ile ilgili s\u00f6ylenecek ilk \u015fey, \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131ndan hareketle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir kural olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde, \u00e7o\u011fu e\u011fitmen kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6nteminin davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 veya yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak etiketlenmesine \u015fa\u015f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini kuramdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak nitelemek de \u00e7ok do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bilginin do\u011fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin, tercih edilen \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini bir \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Ancak, bu etkiyi gere\u011finden fazla vurgulamak \u00e7ok da ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, en az\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde, ki\u015finin kendi e\u011fitmenlerinden birinden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6ntemleri taklit edip (\u00f6\u011frencilerin ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kuramlar\u0131 \u00e7ok da dikkate almadan) zaman i\u00e7erisinde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k modeline dayal\u0131d\u0131r.\r\n\r\nDan Pratt (1998) be\u015f \u00fclkede 253 yeti\u015fkin e\u011fitimcisiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u2018nitel olarak be\u015f farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019 belirlemi\u015f ve \u2018her bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 me\u015fru bir \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u2019 olarak sunmu\u015ftur:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u0130letim: i\u00e7eri\u011fin etkin bir bi\u00e7imde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 (nesnelci yakla\u015f\u0131m)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00c7\u0131rakl\u0131k: var olan\u0131n modellenmesi (denetim alt\u0131nda yaparak \u00f6\u011frenme)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Geli\u015fimsel: d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yollar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi (yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 \/ bili\u015fselci)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Yeti\u015ftirme: \u00f6z-yeterli\u011fin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (bili\u015fselci KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin temel ilkesi)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sosyal reform: daha iyi bir toplum aray\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nBu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n her birinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131yla bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, baz\u0131 ortak \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini inceleyip <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/chapter-1\/\">B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1<\/a>\u2019de \u00f6zetledi\u011fim bilgi ve becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar uygun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim.\r\n\r\nBunu yaparken, farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131nda ele alaca\u011f\u0131m. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde daha geleneksel okul veya kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretimin getirisi olan tasar\u0131m modellerinden, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise internet teknolojilerinin daha fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131m modellerinden bahsedece\u011fim. Yine de, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/bolum-10\/\">B\u00f6l\u00fcm 10<\/a>\u2019da g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi, bu ayr\u0131m giderek yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f durumda\u2026","rendered":"<p>\u00d6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri ile ilgili s\u00f6ylenecek ilk \u015fey, \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131ndan hareketle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir kural olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde, \u00e7o\u011fu e\u011fitmen kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6nteminin davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 veya yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak etiketlenmesine \u015fa\u015f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini kuramdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak nitelemek de \u00e7ok do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bilginin do\u011fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin, tercih edilen \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini bir \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Ancak, bu etkiyi gere\u011finden fazla vurgulamak \u00e7ok da ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, en az\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde, ki\u015finin kendi e\u011fitmenlerinden birinden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6ntemleri taklit edip (\u00f6\u011frencilerin ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kuramlar\u0131 \u00e7ok da dikkate almadan) zaman i\u00e7erisinde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k modeline dayal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Dan Pratt (1998) be\u015f \u00fclkede 253 yeti\u015fkin e\u011fitimcisiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u2018nitel olarak be\u015f farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019 belirlemi\u015f ve \u2018her bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 me\u015fru bir \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u2019 olarak sunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130letim: i\u00e7eri\u011fin etkin bir bi\u00e7imde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 (nesnelci yakla\u015f\u0131m)<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7\u0131rakl\u0131k: var olan\u0131n modellenmesi (denetim alt\u0131nda yaparak \u00f6\u011frenme)<\/li>\n<li>Geli\u015fimsel: d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yollar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi (yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 \/ bili\u015fselci)<\/li>\n<li>Yeti\u015ftirme: \u00f6z-yeterli\u011fin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (bili\u015fselci KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin temel ilkesi)<\/li>\n<li>Sosyal reform: daha iyi bir toplum aray\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n her birinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131yla bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, baz\u0131 ortak \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini inceleyip <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/chapter-1\/\">B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1<\/a>\u2019de \u00f6zetledi\u011fim bilgi ve becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar uygun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim.<\/p>\n<p>Bunu yaparken, farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm alt\u0131nda ele alaca\u011f\u0131m. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde daha geleneksel okul veya kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretimin getirisi olan tasar\u0131m modellerinden, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise internet teknolojilerinin daha fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131m modellerinden bahsedece\u011fim. Yine de, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/bolum-10\/\">B\u00f6l\u00fcm 10<\/a>\u2019da g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi, bu ayr\u0131m giderek yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f durumda\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-237","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":236,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":238,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/237\/revisions\/238"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/236"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/237\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=237"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=237"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}