{"id":239,"date":"2017-11-18T06:35:22","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T11:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=239"},"modified":"2019-02-26T14:56:15","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T19:56:15","slug":"3-2-sinif-tasarim-modelinin-temelleri","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/3-2-sinif-tasarim-modelinin-temelleri\/","title":{"raw":"3.2 SINIF TASARIM MODEL\u0130N\u0130N TEMELLER\u0130","rendered":"3.2 SINIF TASARIM MODEL\u0130N\u0130N TEMELLER\u0130"},"content":{"raw":"Kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z, kurulduklar\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 gibi\u2026 Politik kalk\u0131nma ve politik \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ili\u015fkin \u00fcnl\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Francis Fukuyama (2011, 2014) bir devletin hayati i\u015flevlerini yerine getiren kurumlar\u0131n zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e kurulduklar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn yap\u0131ya sabitlenip, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evredeki de\u011fi\u015fimlere uyum sa\u011flamada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme halen daha uzun y\u0131llar \u00f6nce geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan kurumsal yap\u0131lardan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilendi\u011finden, modern e\u011fitim sistemlerinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6kleri incelemek zorunday\u0131z. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00f6ncelikle geleneksel kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim modelinin dijital \u00e7a\u011f i\u00e7in ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeterli oldu\u011funa bakmal\u0131y\u0131z.\r\n\r\nYa\u015f s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na ve zaman birimlerine g\u00f6re d\u00fczen sa\u011flanan ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin gruplar halinde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli okul veya \u00fcniversiteler sanayi toplumu i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fc. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bug\u00fcn bile varsay\u0131lan tasar\u0131m modeli olmaya devam eden ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak fabrika modeline dayanan bu e\u011fitsel tasar\u0131ma hala sahibiz...\r\n\r\nBaz\u0131 tasar\u0131m modelleri geleneklerin i\u00e7erisine o kadar g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f haldedir ki s\u0131kl\u0131kla kendimizi suyun i\u00e7erisindeki bir bal\u0131k gibi hissederiz: i\u00e7inde ya\u015fay\u0131p nefes alabildi\u011fimiz tek ortam\u0131n bu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek\u2026 S\u0131n\u0131f modeli buna \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnektir. S\u0131n\u0131f modelinde, \u00f6\u011frenciler, belirli bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde (akademik y\u0131l veya yar\u0131y\u0131l) g\u00fcn\u00fcn belli saatlerinde, belli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 yerde d\u00fczenli olarak bir araya gelen derslikler i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirilirler.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_52\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"252\" class=\" wp-image-52\" \/> \u015eekil 3.2 Bir k\u0131z okulunda Bayan Bowls\u2019un s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (\u0130ngiltere) (1905 civar\u0131)<br \/>Foto\u011fraf: Southall Board, Flickr[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nBu model, 150 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sosyal, ekonomik ve politik ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir karar\u0131n sonucudur. Bu tasar\u0131mda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Sanayile\u015fme (fabrikalar veya seri \u00fcretim gibi hem i\u015fi hem eme\u011fi d\u00fczene sokan \u2018modeller\u2019 vb.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>K\u0131rsaldan kentsel i\u015f ve topluluklara g\u00f6\u00e7 (geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kurumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0130\u015fverenlerin gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik kitle e\u011fitimine ge\u00e7i\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim gibi devlet idaresindeki faaliyetlerin giderek geni\u015flemesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Oy verme hakk\u0131 ve oy kullanacak daha iyi e\u011fitimli bir toplum ihtiyac\u0131;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Zaman i\u00e7erisinde e\u015fitlik talebindeki art\u0131\u015f ve beraberinde e\u011fitime evrensel eri\u015fim ihtiyac\u0131.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAncak, bu 150 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde toplumumuzun de\u011fi\u015fimi olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ko\u015fullar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu bug\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli olmasa bile, geriye kalanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015ftekinden daha hafif \u00a0de olsa devam etmektedir. Hala fabrikalar ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 mevcuttur; ancak bug\u00fcn daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal ve co\u011frafi hareket kabiliyeti olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler de vard\u0131r. Hepsinin \u00f6tesinde ise, hem i\u015fin hem de e\u011fitimin farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde d\u00fczenlenmesini olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan yeni teknolojilerin \u00f6nlenemez geli\u015fimiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.\r\n\r\nBu s\u00f6ylediklerim, s\u0131n\u0131f modelinin esnek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. \u00d6\u011fretmenler, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r, bu kurumsal \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar kullan\u0131yor. Ancak kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretme bi\u00e7imimizi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumunda hala uygun ve ge\u00e7erli olan s\u0131n\u0131f modeli etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen y\u00f6ntemleri incelemek ve hatta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na daha iyi yan\u0131t verebilecek yeni veya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kurumsal yap\u0131lar olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmek zorunday\u0131z.\r\n<h2>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\r\nFukuyama, F. (2011) <em>The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution<\/em> New York: Farrar Strauss and Giroux.\r\n\r\nFukuyama, F. (2014) <em>Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalisation of Democracy<\/em> New York: Farrar Strauss and Giroux.","rendered":"<p>Kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z, kurulduklar\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 gibi\u2026 Politik kalk\u0131nma ve politik \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ili\u015fkin \u00fcnl\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Francis Fukuyama (2011, 2014) bir devletin hayati i\u015flevlerini yerine getiren kurumlar\u0131n zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e kurulduklar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn yap\u0131ya sabitlenip, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evredeki de\u011fi\u015fimlere uyum sa\u011flamada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme halen daha uzun y\u0131llar \u00f6nce geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan kurumsal yap\u0131lardan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilendi\u011finden, modern e\u011fitim sistemlerinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6kleri incelemek zorunday\u0131z. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00f6ncelikle geleneksel kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim modelinin dijital \u00e7a\u011f i\u00e7in ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeterli oldu\u011funa bakmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na ve zaman birimlerine g\u00f6re d\u00fczen sa\u011flanan ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin gruplar halinde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli okul veya \u00fcniversiteler sanayi toplumu i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fc. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bug\u00fcn bile varsay\u0131lan tasar\u0131m modeli olmaya devam eden ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak fabrika modeline dayanan bu e\u011fitsel tasar\u0131ma hala sahibiz&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 tasar\u0131m modelleri geleneklerin i\u00e7erisine o kadar g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f haldedir ki s\u0131kl\u0131kla kendimizi suyun i\u00e7erisindeki bir bal\u0131k gibi hissederiz: i\u00e7inde ya\u015fay\u0131p nefes alabildi\u011fimiz tek ortam\u0131n bu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek\u2026 S\u0131n\u0131f modeli buna \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnektir. S\u0131n\u0131f modelinde, \u00f6\u011frenciler, belirli bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde (akademik y\u0131l veya yar\u0131y\u0131l) g\u00fcn\u00fcn belli saatlerinde, belli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 yerde d\u00fczenli olarak bir araya gelen derslikler i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirilirler.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_52\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-52\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"252\" class=\"wp-image-52\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2.jpg 738w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2-65x41.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2-225x142.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/56\/2017\/09\/\u015eekil-3.2-350x221.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-52\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u015eekil 3.2 Bir k\u0131z okulunda Bayan Bowls\u2019un s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (\u0130ngiltere) (1905 civar\u0131)<br \/>Foto\u011fraf: Southall Board, Flickr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Bu model, 150 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sosyal, ekonomik ve politik ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir karar\u0131n sonucudur. Bu tasar\u0131mda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sanayile\u015fme (fabrikalar veya seri \u00fcretim gibi hem i\u015fi hem eme\u011fi d\u00fczene sokan \u2018modeller\u2019 vb.)<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131rsaldan kentsel i\u015f ve topluluklara g\u00f6\u00e7 (geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kurumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fverenlerin gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik kitle e\u011fitimine ge\u00e7i\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim gibi devlet idaresindeki faaliyetlerin giderek geni\u015flemesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi;<\/li>\n<li>Oy verme hakk\u0131 ve oy kullanacak daha iyi e\u011fitimli bir toplum ihtiyac\u0131;<\/li>\n<li>Zaman i\u00e7erisinde e\u015fitlik talebindeki art\u0131\u015f ve beraberinde e\u011fitime evrensel eri\u015fim ihtiyac\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ancak, bu 150 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde toplumumuzun de\u011fi\u015fimi olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ko\u015fullar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu bug\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli olmasa bile, geriye kalanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015ftekinden daha hafif \u00a0de olsa devam etmektedir. Hala fabrikalar ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 mevcuttur; ancak bug\u00fcn daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal ve co\u011frafi hareket kabiliyeti olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler de vard\u0131r. Hepsinin \u00f6tesinde ise, hem i\u015fin hem de e\u011fitimin farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde d\u00fczenlenmesini olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan yeni teknolojilerin \u00f6nlenemez geli\u015fimiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u00f6ylediklerim, s\u0131n\u0131f modelinin esnek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. \u00d6\u011fretmenler, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r, bu kurumsal \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar kullan\u0131yor. Ancak kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretme bi\u00e7imimizi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumunda hala uygun ve ge\u00e7erli olan s\u0131n\u0131f modeli etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen y\u00f6ntemleri incelemek ve hatta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na daha iyi yan\u0131t verebilecek yeni veya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kurumsal yap\u0131lar olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmek zorunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p>Fukuyama, F. (2011) <em>The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution<\/em> New York: Farrar Strauss and Giroux.<\/p>\n<p>Fukuyama, F. (2014) <em>Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalisation of Democracy<\/em> New York: Farrar Strauss and Giroux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-239","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":236,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1208,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/239\/revisions\/1208"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/236"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/239\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=239"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=239"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}