{"id":276,"date":"2017-11-18T07:24:45","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T12:24:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/?post_type=chapter&p=276"},"modified":"2019-02-27T17:18:36","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T22:18:36","slug":"5-1-kisa-tarihce","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/chapter\/5-1-kisa-tarihce\/","title":{"raw":"5.1 KISA TAR\u0130H\u00c7E","rendered":"5.1 KISA TAR\u0130H\u00c7E"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_95\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"900\"]\"\"<\/a> \u015eekil 5.1.1 Daphne Koller\u2019in TED Konu\u015fmas\u0131 (2012)
Bu YouTube videosunu izlemek i\u00e7in resmin \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu videoya yan\u0131t niteli\u011findeki konu\u015fmay\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u2018Coursera tarz\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerdeki yanl\u0131\u015flar ve do\u011frular<\/a>.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nKA\u00c7D terimi, Kanada\u2019daki Manitoba \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen bir ders i\u00e7in ilk defa 2008 senesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. George Siemens, Stephen Downes ve Dave Cormier taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bu kredisiz dersin ad\u0131, Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Bilgi (CK08) idi. Dersi \u00fcniversiteye kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ve \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fccreti \u00f6deyen 27 \u00f6\u011frenci ald\u0131. Ancak ders, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fccretsiz olarak \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i de verilmekteydi. E\u011fitmenleri de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtarak, dersin \u00fccretsiz k\u0131sm\u0131na 2.200 \u00f6\u011frenci kaydoldu. Downes bu dersi ve bunu takip eden benzer dersleri, tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D veya k\u0131saca bKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131 \u00a0(Downes, 2012).\r\n\r\n2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcz d\u00f6neminde, Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden iki bilgisayar bilimleri profes\u00f6r\u00fc \u2018Yapay Zekaya Giri\u015f\u2019 konusunda bir KA\u00c7D ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Sebastian Thrun ve Peter Norvig\u2019in dersine 160.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde ki\u015fi kaydoldu. Bunun hemen ard\u0131ndan, Standford \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden Andrew Ng ve Daphne Koller taraf\u0131ndan yine bilgisayar bilimleri alan\u0131nda iki KA\u00c7D daha a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra Thrun Udacity<\/a>\u2019i, Ng ve Koller de Coursera<\/a>\u2019y\u0131 kurdular. Bu olu\u015fumlar, kendileri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak geli\u015ftirdikleri yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kullanarak kitlesel d\u00fczeyde kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bir \u00f6\u011fretim platformu sa\u011flayan, kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015flard\u0131. Udacity ve Coursera, \u00f6nde gelen di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelerle ortakl\u0131klar kurdular. Ortakl\u0131kta yer almak isteyen \u00fcniversiteler, belli bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi KA\u00c7D\u2019lerini bu platformlar \u00fczerinde sunabiliyorlard\u0131. Son d\u00f6nemde y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren Udacity, art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok mesleki ve kurumsal e\u011fitim pazar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.\r\n\r\nMassachusettes Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT) ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Mart 2012\u2019de KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu\u00a0edX<\/a> isimli a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu platform, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kay\u0131t ve \u00f6\u011fretim ama\u00e7l\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. edX de \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversitelerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, ancak \u00fcniversitelerden derslerini bu platform \u00fczerinde sunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u00fccret talep etmemi\u015ftir. Yaln\u0131zca, edX\u2019e ortak olmak isteyen kurumlar ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7in belli bir \u00fccret \u00f6demek durumundad\u0131rlar. KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in ba\u015fka platformlar da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00a0FutureLearn<\/a> gibi\u2026 Bu platformlar \u00fczerinde verilen KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu temelde ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131 ve bilgisayarl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme testlerine dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, Downes bunlar\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f KA\u00c7D ya da k\u0131saca gKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\r\n\r\nMart 2015 tarihi itibariyle, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde 4.000\u2019den fazla KA\u00c7D bulunmakta olup bunlar\u0131n 1.000\u2019i Avrupa\u2019daki kurulu\u015flar<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan verilen KA\u00c7D\u2019lerdir.\r\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\r\nDownes, S. (2012) Massively Open Online Courses are here to stay, Stephen\u2019s Web<\/a>, July 20.","rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
\u015eekil 5.1.1 Daphne Koller\u2019in TED Konu\u015fmas\u0131 (2012)
Bu YouTube videosunu izlemek i\u00e7in resmin \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu videoya yan\u0131t niteli\u011findeki konu\u015fmay\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u2018Coursera tarz\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerdeki yanl\u0131\u015flar ve do\u011frular<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

KA\u00c7D terimi, Kanada\u2019daki Manitoba \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen bir ders i\u00e7in ilk defa 2008 senesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. George Siemens, Stephen Downes ve Dave Cormier taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bu kredisiz dersin ad\u0131, Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Bilgi (CK08) idi. Dersi \u00fcniversiteye kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ve \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fccreti \u00f6deyen 27 \u00f6\u011frenci ald\u0131. Ancak ders, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fccretsiz olarak \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i de verilmekteydi. E\u011fitmenleri de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtarak, dersin \u00fccretsiz k\u0131sm\u0131na 2.200 \u00f6\u011frenci kaydoldu. Downes bu dersi ve bunu takip eden benzer dersleri, tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D veya k\u0131saca bKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131 \u00a0(Downes, 2012).<\/p>\n

2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcz d\u00f6neminde, Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden iki bilgisayar bilimleri profes\u00f6r\u00fc \u2018Yapay Zekaya Giri\u015f\u2019 konusunda bir KA\u00c7D ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Sebastian Thrun ve Peter Norvig\u2019in dersine 160.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde ki\u015fi kaydoldu. Bunun hemen ard\u0131ndan, Standford \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden Andrew Ng ve Daphne Koller taraf\u0131ndan yine bilgisayar bilimleri alan\u0131nda iki KA\u00c7D daha a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra Thrun Udacity<\/a>\u2019i, Ng ve Koller de Coursera<\/a>\u2019y\u0131 kurdular. Bu olu\u015fumlar, kendileri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak geli\u015ftirdikleri yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kullanarak kitlesel d\u00fczeyde kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bir \u00f6\u011fretim platformu sa\u011flayan, kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015flard\u0131. Udacity ve Coursera, \u00f6nde gelen di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelerle ortakl\u0131klar kurdular. Ortakl\u0131kta yer almak isteyen \u00fcniversiteler, belli bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi KA\u00c7D\u2019lerini bu platformlar \u00fczerinde sunabiliyorlard\u0131. Son d\u00f6nemde y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren Udacity, art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok mesleki ve kurumsal e\u011fitim pazar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Massachusettes Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT) ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Mart 2012\u2019de KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu\u00a0edX<\/a> isimli a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu platform, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kay\u0131t ve \u00f6\u011fretim ama\u00e7l\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. edX de \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversitelerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, ancak \u00fcniversitelerden derslerini bu platform \u00fczerinde sunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u00fccret talep etmemi\u015ftir. Yaln\u0131zca, edX\u2019e ortak olmak isteyen kurumlar ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7in belli bir \u00fccret \u00f6demek durumundad\u0131rlar. KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in ba\u015fka platformlar da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00a0FutureLearn<\/a> gibi\u2026 Bu platformlar \u00fczerinde verilen KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu temelde ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131 ve bilgisayarl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme testlerine dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, Downes bunlar\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f KA\u00c7D ya da k\u0131saca gKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mart 2015 tarihi itibariyle, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde 4.000\u2019den fazla KA\u00c7D bulunmakta olup bunlar\u0131n 1.000\u2019i Avrupa\u2019daki kurulu\u015flar<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan verilen KA\u00c7D\u2019lerdir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n

Downes, S. (2012) Massively Open Online Courses are here to stay, Stephen\u2019s Web<\/a>, July 20.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-276","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":275,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=276"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1238,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276\/revisions\/1238"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/275"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=276"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=276"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tonybates\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}