{"id":138,"date":"2023-07-29T19:09:45","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T23:09:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=138"},"modified":"2023-11-02T16:33:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T20:33:51","slug":"hole-layout-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/chapter\/hole-layout-2\/","title":{"raw":"Hole Layout","rendered":"Hole Layout"},"content":{"raw":"In industry hole lay out is a big part of many welders\u2019 and fitters\u2019 daily tasks.\r\n\r\nThe <strong>weld access hole<\/strong> or <strong>rat hole<\/strong> is a structural engineering technique in which a part of the web of an I- beam, Stringer or T-iron, is cut out at the end or ends of the beam. The hole in the web allows a welder to weld the flange to another with a continuous weld on the interior\/web side of flange welds. Without the weld access hole, the middle of the flange would be blocked by the web and inaccessible for welding.\r\n\r\nThe symbol used for a hole is the diameter <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u2018\u00d8\u2019<\/strong> <\/span>symbol.\r\n\r\n\u00d8\r\n\r\nOther hole lay out possibilities in industry:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Flange Hole Lay Out<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Weep holes for drain and man hole covers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bolt Hole Lay Out<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Plug Welds to secure to metal (Plug welds secure the middle of plates etc., and are most often seen on wear plates and sacrificial\/expendable parts like wear strips on excavator buckets.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-416\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/39-holelayout-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"96\" height=\"81\" \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blocklayer.com\/hole-spacingeng#google_vignette\">Hole Centers and Spacing<\/a>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-414\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1-300x161.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Pitch and Gauge<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\nWidth of hole w = smallest dimension, i.e. diameter of round hole, edge length of square hole, and width of long hole.\r\n\r\nLength of hole l = length of long hole (largest internal dimension).\r\n\r\nPitch of holes t: The pitch is defined as the distance from center of hole to center of hole in two adjacent rows.\r\n\r\nWidth of bridge c: This signifies the smallest unperforated space between 2 holes in adjacent rows.\r\n\r\nNote: t = w + c\r\n\r\nMove up drill bit sizes - called stepping up\r\n\r\n*Start hole in a precise location\r\n\r\nDouble check measurements with a trammel point.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-418\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-300x240.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" \/>","rendered":"<p>In industry hole lay out is a big part of many welders\u2019 and fitters\u2019 daily tasks.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>weld access hole<\/strong> or <strong>rat hole<\/strong> is a structural engineering technique in which a part of the web of an I- beam, Stringer or T-iron, is cut out at the end or ends of the beam. The hole in the web allows a welder to weld the flange to another with a continuous weld on the interior\/web side of flange welds. Without the weld access hole, the middle of the flange would be blocked by the web and inaccessible for welding.<\/p>\n<p>The symbol used for a hole is the diameter <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u2018\u00d8\u2019<\/strong> <\/span>symbol.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d8<\/p>\n<p>Other hole lay out possibilities in industry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flange Hole Lay Out<\/li>\n<li>Weep holes for drain and man hole covers<\/li>\n<li>Bolt Hole Lay Out<\/li>\n<li>Plug Welds to secure to metal (Plug welds secure the middle of plates etc., and are most often seen on wear plates and sacrificial\/expendable parts like wear strips on excavator buckets.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-416\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/39-holelayout-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"96\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/39-holelayout-1.png 96w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/39-holelayout-1-65x55.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blocklayer.com\/hole-spacingeng#google_vignette\">Hole Centers and Spacing<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-414\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1-300x161.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1-65x35.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1-225x121.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1-350x188.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/40-holelayout2-1.png 539w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Pitch and Gauge<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Width of hole w = smallest dimension, i.e. diameter of round hole, edge length of square hole, and width of long hole.<\/p>\n<p>Length of hole l = length of long hole (largest internal dimension).<\/p>\n<p>Pitch of holes t: The pitch is defined as the distance from center of hole to center of hole in two adjacent rows.<\/p>\n<p>Width of bridge c: This signifies the smallest unperforated space between 2 holes in adjacent rows.<\/p>\n<p>Note: t = w + c<\/p>\n<p>Move up drill bit sizes &#8211; called stepping up<\/p>\n<p>*Start hole in a precise location<\/p>\n<p>Double check measurements with a trammel point.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-418\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-300x240.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-1024x820.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-768x615.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-1536x1230.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-65x52.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-225x180.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1-350x280.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2022\/2023\/07\/38-pitch-and-gauge-1.png 1968w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2001,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-138","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":116,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2001"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":895,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/revisions\/895"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/116"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/tradeskillsforsuccessnumeracy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}