{"id":1848,"date":"2017-10-27T16:28:40","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T16:28:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/back-matter\/glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/"},"modified":"2017-10-27T16:28:40","modified_gmt":"2017-10-27T16:28:40","slug":"glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/back-matter\/glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation","rendered":"Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation"},"content":{"raw":"\n

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Symbol<\/th>\nDefinition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{any symbol}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., [latex]\\overline{v}[\/latex] is average velocity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u00b0\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\nCelsius degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u00b0\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{\/\/}[\/latex]<\/td>\nparallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\perp [\/latex]<\/td>\nperpendicular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\propto [\/latex]<\/td>\nproportional to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u00b1[\/latex]<\/td>\nplus or minus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\phantom{\\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td>\nalpha rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td>\nangular acceleration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\alpha [\/latex]<\/td>\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td>\nbeta rays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td>\nsound level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\beta [\/latex]<\/td>\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\beta }^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\beta }^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\npositron decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\gamma [\/latex]<\/td>\ngamma rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\gamma [\/latex]<\/td>\nsurface tension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\gamma =1\/\\sqrt{1-{v}^{2}\/{c}^{2}}[\/latex]<\/td>\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Delta [\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\delta [\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta E}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta E}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta m}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta N}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta p}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta p}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Delta {\\text{PE}}_{\\text{g}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta \\theta }[\/latex]<\/td>\nrotation angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta s}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta t}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathrm{\\Delta t}}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta V}[\/latex]<\/td>\npotential difference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathrm{\\Delta x}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\epsilon }_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\eta [\/latex]<\/td>\nviscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\nangle between two lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\ncontact angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\theta }_{b}[\/latex]<\/td>\nBrewster's angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\theta }_{c}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncritical angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\kappa [\/latex]<\/td>\ndielectric constant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\lambda [\/latex]<\/td>\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\lambda [\/latex]<\/td>\nwavelength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\lambda }_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mu }_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\npermeability of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mu }_{\\text{k}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mu }_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{v}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\pi }^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\npositive pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\pi }^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnegative pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\pi }^{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nneutral pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\rho [\/latex]<\/td>\ndensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\rho }_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\rho }_{\\text{fl}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfluid density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\overline{\\rho }}_{\\text{obj}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage density of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\rho \/{\\rho }_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nspecific gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td>\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance [latex]\\left(\\text{RL}\\right)[\/latex] or resistance and capacitance [latex]\\left(\\text{RC}\\right)[\/latex] circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td>\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor [latex]\\left(\\text{RC}\\right)[\/latex] circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\tau [\/latex]<\/td>\ntorque<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\u03a5[\/latex]<\/td>\nupsilon meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Phi [\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\varphi [\/latex]<\/td>\nphase angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\Omega [\/latex]<\/td>\nohm (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\omega [\/latex]<\/td>\nangular velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\narea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]A[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]a[\/latex]<\/td>\nacceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{a}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nBohr radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{a}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{a}_{\\text{t}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{AC}[\/latex]<\/td>\nalternating current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{AM}[\/latex]<\/td>\namplitude modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{atm}[\/latex]<\/td>\natmosphere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nbaryon number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nblue quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{B}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]b[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nbulk modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]B[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{B}}_{\\text{int}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{B}}_{\\text{orb}}[\/latex]<\/td>\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{BE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{BE}\/A[\/latex]<\/td>\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{Bq}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]C[\/latex]<\/td>\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]C[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{C}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{C}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{CG}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{CM}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncenter of mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\nspecific heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]c[\/latex]<\/td>\nspeed of light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{Cal}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{cal}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{hp}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{COP}}_{\\text{ref}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{cos}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\ncosine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{cot}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\ncotangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{csc}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\ncosecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]D[\/latex]<\/td>\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>\ndisplacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]d[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{dB}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndecibel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{d}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{d}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{DC}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndirect current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\epsilon [\/latex]<\/td>\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{emf}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]E[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrest energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{EC}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron capture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{cap}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{Eff}[\/latex]<\/td>\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{Eff}}_{\\text{C}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{in}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{ind}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{E}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nenergy output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]e[\/latex]<\/td>\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{e}^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{eV}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron volt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{F}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]F[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]F[\/latex]<\/td>\nrestoring force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbuoyant force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncentripetal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{F}}}_{\\text{net}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnet force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{F}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{FM}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]f[\/latex]<\/td>\nfocal length<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]f[\/latex]<\/td>\nfrequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance [latex]\\left(\\text{RLC}\\right)[\/latex] series circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{1}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfundamental<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\nfirst overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{3}[\/latex]<\/td>\nsecond overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{\\text{B}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nbeat frequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{\\text{k}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{f}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>\ngravitational constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]G[\/latex]<\/td>\ngreen quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{G}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]g[\/latex]<\/td>\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]g[\/latex]<\/td>\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]h[\/latex]<\/td>\nPlanck's constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{hf}[\/latex]<\/td>\nphoton energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{h}_{\\text{i}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheight of the image<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{h}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheight of the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nintensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]I[\/latex]<\/td>\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{I}_{0}[\/latex]<\/td>\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{I}_{\\text{ave}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{I}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{J}[\/latex]<\/td>\njoule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]J\/\\text{\u03a8}[\/latex]<\/td>\n\nJoules\/psi meson\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkelvin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]k[\/latex]<\/td>\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{K}_{\\alpha }[\/latex]<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=1[\/latex] shell vacancy from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{K}_{\\beta }[\/latex]<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=2[\/latex] shell vacancy from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{kcal}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{KE}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{KE}+\\text{PE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmechanical energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{\\text{rel}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{KE}}_{\\text{rot}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{KE}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nthermal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{kg}[\/latex]<\/td>\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{L}[\/latex]<\/td>\nliter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]L[\/latex]<\/td>\nself-inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\ell [\/latex]<\/td>\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\alpha }[\/latex]<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an [latex]n=2[\/latex] shell from the [latex]n=3[\/latex] shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron total family number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\mu }[\/latex]<\/td>\nmuon family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\tau }[\/latex]<\/td>\ntau family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{f}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat of fusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{f}}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\text{and}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{L}_{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{L}}_{\\text{orb}}[\/latex]<\/td>\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{L}_{z}[\/latex]<\/td>\nz<\/em> - component of the angular momentum\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]M[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular magnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]M[\/latex]<\/td>\nmutual inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\norder of interference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m[\/latex]<\/td>\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m\\left({\\text{}}^{A}\\text{X}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{MA}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\text{e}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{e}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of the electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\ell }[\/latex]<\/td>\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\text{o}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{mol}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmass of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{m}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]N[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnewton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{N}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnormal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]N[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]n[\/latex]<\/td>\nindex of refraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]n[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{N}_{\\text{A}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nAvogadro's number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{N}_{\\text{r}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nReynolds number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{N}\\cdot \\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{N}\\cdot \\text{m}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{OE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nother energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>\npower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>\npower of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]P[\/latex]<\/td>\npressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nmomentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]p[\/latex]<\/td>\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]p[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{p}}}_{\\text{tot}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{p}}}_{\\text{tot}}^{\\text{'}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{abs}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{atm}}[\/latex]<\/td>\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{atm}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{PE}[\/latex]<\/td>\npotential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{el}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{elec}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{PE}}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{g}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ngauge pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{in}}[\/latex]<\/td>\npower consumption or input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{P}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nlatent heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]+Q[\/latex]<\/td>\npositive charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]-Q[\/latex]<\/td>\nnegative charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]q[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectron charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{q}_{p}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]q[\/latex]<\/td>\ntest charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{QF}[\/latex]<\/td>\nquality factor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nred quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{R}[\/latex]<\/td>\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nresistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{R}[\/latex]<\/td>\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nRydberg constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]R[\/latex]<\/td>\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\ninternal resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{r}_{\\perp }[\/latex]<\/td>\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\nradius of curvature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]r[\/latex]<\/td>\nresistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{r or rad}[\/latex]<\/td>\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{rem}[\/latex]<\/td>\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{rad}[\/latex]<\/td>\nradian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{RBE}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{RC}[\/latex]<\/td>\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{rms}[\/latex]<\/td>\nroot mean square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{r}_{n}[\/latex]<\/td>\n\n radius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{R}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{R}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{R}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nentropy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{S}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nshear modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]S[\/latex]<\/td>\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]s[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]s[\/latex]<\/td>\nspin quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{sec}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\nsecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{sin}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\nsine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{s}_{z}[\/latex]<\/td>\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>\ntemperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{T}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]T[\/latex]<\/td>\ntension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{T}[\/latex]<\/td>\n\n tesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]t[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]t[\/latex]<\/td>\ntime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{t}_{1\/2}[\/latex]<\/td>\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{tan}\\phantom{\\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\\theta [\/latex]<\/td>\ntangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]U[\/latex]<\/td>\ninternal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]u[\/latex]<\/td>\nquark flavor up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{u}[\/latex]<\/td>\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{u}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{u}}}^{\\mathbf{\\text{'}}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>\nelectric potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>\nterminal voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{V}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]V[\/latex]<\/td>\nvolume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]v[\/latex]<\/td>\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\mathbf{\\text{v}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nvelocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{B}}-{V}_{\\text{A}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nchange in potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{d}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ndrift velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{p}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nrms voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{V}_{\\text{s}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{tot}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{v}_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\mathbf{\\text{v}}}_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nwave velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]W[\/latex]<\/td>\nwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]W[\/latex]<\/td>\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{W}[\/latex]<\/td>\nwatt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]w[\/latex]<\/td>\nweight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{w}_{\\text{fl}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{W}_{\\text{c}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{W}_{\\text{nc}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{W}_{\\text{out}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nuseful work output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]X[\/latex]<\/td>\namplitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\text{X}[\/latex]<\/td>\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{\\text{}}^{Z}{X}_{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]x[\/latex]<\/td>\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{X}_{\\text{C}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{X}_{\\text{L}}[\/latex]<\/td>\ninductive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{x}_{\\text{rms}}[\/latex]<\/td>\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]y[\/latex]<\/td>\nvertical axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Y[\/latex]<\/td>\nelastic modulus or Young's modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Z[\/latex]<\/td>\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]Z[\/latex]<\/td>\nimpedance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n","rendered":"

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Symbol<\/th>\nDefinition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\"\overline{\text{any symbol}}\"<\/td>\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., \"\overline{v}\" is average velocity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"°\text{C}\"<\/td>\nCelsius degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"°\text{F}\"<\/td>\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{//}\"<\/td>\nparallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\perp \"<\/td>\nperpendicular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\propto \"<\/td>\nproportional to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"±\"<\/td>\nplus or minus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\phantom{\rule{0.25em}{0ex}}}_{0}\"<\/td>\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\alpha \"<\/td>\nalpha rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\alpha \"<\/td>\nangular acceleration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\alpha \"<\/td>\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta \"<\/td>\nbeta rays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta \"<\/td>\nsound level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\beta \"<\/td>\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\beta }^{-}\"<\/td>\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\beta }^{+}\"<\/td>\npositron decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\gamma \"<\/td>\ngamma rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\gamma \"<\/td>\nsurface tension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\gamma =1/\sqrt{1-{v}^{2}/{c}^{2}}\"<\/td>\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Delta \"<\/td>\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\delta \"<\/td>\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta E}\"<\/td>\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta E}\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta m}\"<\/td>\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta N}\"<\/td>\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta p}\"<\/td>\nchange in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta p}\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Delta {\text{PE}}_{\text{g}}\"<\/td>\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta \theta }\"<\/td>\nrotation angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta s}\"<\/td>\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta t}\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathrm{\Delta t}}_{0}\"<\/td>\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta V}\"<\/td>\npotential difference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathrm{\Delta x}\"<\/td>\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\epsilon }_{0}\"<\/td>\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\eta \"<\/td>\nviscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta \"<\/td>\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta \"<\/td>\nangle between two lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta \"<\/td>\ncontact angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\theta \"<\/td>\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\theta }_{b}\"<\/td>\nBrewster’s angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\theta }_{c}\"<\/td>\ncritical angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\kappa \"<\/td>\ndielectric constant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\lambda \"<\/td>\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\lambda \"<\/td>\nwavelength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\lambda }_{n}\"<\/td>\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mu }_{0}\"<\/td>\npermeability of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mu }_{\text{k}}\"<\/td>\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mu }_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{v}_{e}\"<\/td>\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\pi }^{+}\"<\/td>\npositive pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\pi }^{-}\"<\/td>\nnegative pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\pi }^{0}\"<\/td>\nneutral pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\rho \"<\/td>\ndensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\rho }_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\rho }_{\text{fl}}\"<\/td>\nfluid density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\overline{\rho }}_{\text{obj}}\"<\/td>\naverage density of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\rho /{\rho }_{\text{w}}\"<\/td>\nspecific gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\tau \"<\/td>\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance \"\left(\text{RL}\right)\" or resistance and capacitance \"\left(\text{RC}\right)\" circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\tau \"<\/td>\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor \"\left(\text{RC}\right)\" circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\tau \"<\/td>\ntorque<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Υ\"<\/td>\nupsilon meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Phi \"<\/td>\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\varphi \"<\/td>\nphase angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\Omega \"<\/td>\nohm (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\omega \"<\/td>\nangular velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\narea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"A\"<\/td>\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"a\"<\/td>\nacceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{a}_{\text{B}}\"<\/td>\nBohr radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{a}_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{a}_{\text{t}}\"<\/td>\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{AC}\"<\/td>\nalternating current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{AM}\"<\/td>\namplitude modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{atm}\"<\/td>\natmosphere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nbaryon number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nblue quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{B}\"<\/td>\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"b\"<\/td>\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nbulk modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"B\"<\/td>\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{B}}_{\text{int}}\"<\/td>\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{B}}_{\text{orb}}\"<\/td>\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{BE}\"<\/td>\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{BE}/A\"<\/td>\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{Bq}\"<\/td>\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"C\"<\/td>\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"C\"<\/td>\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{C}_{\text{p}}\"<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{C}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{CG}\"<\/td>\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{CM}\"<\/td>\ncenter of mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"c\"<\/td>\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"c\"<\/td>\nspecific heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"c\"<\/td>\nspeed of light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{Cal}\"<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{cal}\"<\/td>\ncalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{COP}}_{\text{hp}}\"<\/td>\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{COP}}_{\text{ref}}\"<\/td>\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{cos}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\theta \"<\/td>\ncosine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{cot}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\theta \"<\/td>\ncotangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{csc}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\theta \"<\/td>\ncosecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"D\"<\/td>\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"d\"<\/td>\ndisplacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"d\"<\/td>\nquark flavor down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{dB}\"<\/td>\ndecibel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{d}_{\text{i}}\"<\/td>\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{d}_{\text{o}}\"<\/td>\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{DC}\"<\/td>\ndirect current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nelectric field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\epsilon \"<\/td>\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{emf}\"<\/td>\nelectromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"E\"<\/td>\ntotal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{E}_{0}\"<\/td>\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{E}_{0}\"<\/td>\nrest energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{EC}\"<\/td>\nelectron capture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{E}_{\text{cap}}\"<\/td>\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{Eff}\"<\/td>\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{Eff}}_{\text{C}}\"<\/td>\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{E}_{\text{in}}\"<\/td>\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{E}_{\text{ind}}\"<\/td>\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{E}_{\text{out}}\"<\/td>\nenergy output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"e\"<\/td>\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{e}^{+}\"<\/td>\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{eV}\"<\/td>\nelectron volt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{F}\"<\/td>\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{F}\"<\/td>\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{F}}\"<\/td>\nforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"F\"<\/td>\nrestoring force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{F}_{\text{B}}\"<\/td>\nbuoyant force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{F}_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncentripetal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{F}_{\text{i}}\"<\/td>\nforce input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{F}}}_{\text{net}}\"<\/td>\nnet force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{F}_{\text{o}}\"<\/td>\nforce output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{FM}\"<\/td>\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f\"<\/td>\nfocal length<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"f\"<\/td>\nfrequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{0}\"<\/td>\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance \"\left(\text{RLC}\right)\" series circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{0}\"<\/td>\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{1}\"<\/td>\nfundamental<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{2}\"<\/td>\nfirst overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{3}\"<\/td>\nsecond overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{\text{B}}\"<\/td>\nbeat frequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{\text{k}}\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{f}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"G\"<\/td>\ngravitational constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"G\"<\/td>\ngreen quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{G}\"<\/td>\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"g\"<\/td>\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"g\"<\/td>\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"h\"<\/td>\nPlanck’s constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{hf}\"<\/td>\nphoton energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{h}_{\text{i}}\"<\/td>\nheight of the image<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{h}_{\text{o}}\"<\/td>\nheight of the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nelectric current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nintensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"I\"<\/td>\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{I}_{0}\"<\/td>\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{I}_{\text{ave}}\"<\/td>\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{I}_{\text{rms}}\"<\/td>\naverage current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{J}\"<\/td>\njoule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"J/\text{Ψ}\"<\/td>\n\nJoules\/psi meson\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{K}\"<\/td>\nkelvin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"k\"<\/td>\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"k\"<\/td>\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{K}_{\alpha }\"<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an \"n=1\" shell vacancy from the \"n=3\" shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{K}_{\beta }\"<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an \"n=2\" shell vacancy from the \"n=3\" shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{kcal}\"<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE}\"<\/td>\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{KE}+\text{PE}\"<\/td>\nmechanical energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{KE}}_{e}\"<\/td>\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{KE}}_{\text{rel}}\"<\/td>\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{KE}}_{\text{rot}}\"<\/td>\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{\text{KE}}\"<\/td>\nthermal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{kg}\"<\/td>\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L\"<\/td>\nangular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{L}\"<\/td>\nliter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"L\"<\/td>\nself-inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\ell \"<\/td>\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\alpha }\"<\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an \"n=2\" shell from the \"n=3\" shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{e}\"<\/td>\nelectron total family number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\mu }\"<\/td>\nmuon family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\tau }\"<\/td>\ntau family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\text{f}}\"<\/td>\nheat of fusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\text{f}}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}{L}_{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{L}}_{\text{orb}}\"<\/td>\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{L}_{z}\"<\/td>\nz<\/em> – component of the angular momentum\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"M\"<\/td>\nangular magnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"M\"<\/td>\nmutual inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{m}\"<\/td>\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\nmagnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\nmass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{m}\"<\/td>\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\norder of interference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\"<\/td>\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"m\left({\text{}}^{A}\text{X}\right)\"<\/td>\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{MA}\"<\/td>\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{\text{e}}\"<\/td>\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{e}\"<\/td>\nmass of the electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{\ell }\"<\/td>\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{n}\"<\/td>\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{\text{o}}\"<\/td>\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{mol}\"<\/td>\nmole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{p}\"<\/td>\nmass of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{m}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"N\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{N}\"<\/td>\nnewton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{N}}\"<\/td>\nnormal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"N\"<\/td>\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"n\"<\/td>\nindex of refraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"n\"<\/td>\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{N}_{\text{A}}\"<\/td>\nAvogadro’s number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{N}_{\text{r}}\"<\/td>\nReynolds number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{N}\cdot \text{m}\"<\/td>\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{N}\cdot \text{m}\"<\/td>\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{OE}\"<\/td>\nother energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P\"<\/td>\npower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P\"<\/td>\npower of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"P\"<\/td>\npressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{p}}\"<\/td>\nmomentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p\"<\/td>\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"p\"<\/td>\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{p}}}_{\text{tot}}\"<\/td>\ntotal momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{p}}}_{\text{tot}}^{\text{'}}\"<\/td>\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{P}_{\text{abs}}\"<\/td>\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{P}_{\text{atm}}\"<\/td>\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{P}_{\text{atm}}\"<\/td>\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{PE}\"<\/td>\npotential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{PE}}_{\text{el}}\"<\/td>\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{PE}}_{\text{elec}}\"<\/td>\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{PE}}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{P}_{\text{g}}\"<\/td>\ngauge pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{P}_{\text{in}}\"<\/td>\npower consumption or input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{P}_{\text{out}}\"<\/td>\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Q\"<\/td>\nlatent heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Q\"<\/td>\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Q\"<\/td>\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"+Q\"<\/td>\npositive charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"-Q\"<\/td>\nnegative charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"q\"<\/td>\nelectron charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{q}_{p}\"<\/td>\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"q\"<\/td>\ntest charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{QF}\"<\/td>\nquality factor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nred quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{R}\"<\/td>\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nresistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{R}\"<\/td>\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nRydberg constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"R\"<\/td>\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\ninternal resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{r}_{\perp }\"<\/td>\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\nradius of curvature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"r\"<\/td>\nresistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{r or rad}\"<\/td>\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{rem}\"<\/td>\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{rad}\"<\/td>\nradian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{RBE}\"<\/td>\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{RC}\"<\/td>\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{rms}\"<\/td>\nroot mean square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{r}_{n}\"<\/td>\n\n radius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{R}_{\text{p}}\"<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{R}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{R}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nentropy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{S}}\"<\/td>\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nshear modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"S\"<\/td>\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"s\"<\/td>\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{s}\"<\/td>\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"s\"<\/td>\nspin quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ntotal displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{sec}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\theta \"<\/td>\nsecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{sin}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\theta \"<\/td>\nsine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{s}_{z}\"<\/td>\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\"<\/td>\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\"<\/td>\ntemperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{T}_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\"<\/td>\ntension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{T}\"<\/td>\n\n tesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"t\"<\/td>\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"t\"<\/td>\ntime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{t}_{1/2}\"<\/td>\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{tan}\phantom{\rule{0.20em}{0ex}}\theta \"<\/td>\ntangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"U\"<\/td>\ninternal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"u\"<\/td>\nquark flavor up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{u}\"<\/td>\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{u}}\"<\/td>\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{u}}}^{\mathbf{\text{'}}}\"<\/td>\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V\"<\/td>\nelectric potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V\"<\/td>\nterminal voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{V}\"<\/td>\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"V\"<\/td>\nvolume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"v\"<\/td>\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\mathbf{\text{v}}\"<\/td>\nvelocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\overline{\mathbf{\text{v}}}\"<\/td>\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{V}_{\text{B}}-{V}_{\text{A}}\"<\/td>\nchange in potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{v}}}_{\text{d}}\"<\/td>\ndrift velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{V}_{\text{p}}\"<\/td>\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{V}_{\text{rms}}\"<\/td>\nrms voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{V}_{\text{s}}\"<\/td>\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{v}}}_{\text{tot}}\"<\/td>\ntotal velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{v}_{\text{w}}\"<\/td>\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\mathbf{\text{v}}}_{\text{w}}\"<\/td>\nwave velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W\"<\/td>\nwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"W\"<\/td>\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{W}\"<\/td>\nwatt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"w\"<\/td>\nweight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{w}_{\text{fl}}\"<\/td>\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{W}_{\text{c}}\"<\/td>\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{W}_{\text{nc}}\"<\/td>\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{W}_{\text{out}}\"<\/td>\nuseful work output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"X\"<\/td>\namplitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\text{X}\"<\/td>\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{\text{}}^{Z}{X}_{N}\"<\/td>\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x\"<\/td>\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x\"<\/td>\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"x\"<\/td>\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{X}_{\text{C}}\"<\/td>\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{X}_{\text{L}}\"<\/td>\ninductive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"{x}_{\text{rms}}\"<\/td>\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"y\"<\/td>\nvertical axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Y\"<\/td>\nelastic modulus or Young’s modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Z\"<\/td>\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Z\"<\/td>\nimpedance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"author":211,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"all-rights-reserved"},"back-matter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-1848","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","license-all-rights-reserved"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/211"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1848\/revisions"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1848\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=1848"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1848"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ubcbatessandbox\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}