{"id":571,"date":"2022-05-22T18:59:46","date_gmt":"2022-05-22T22:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=571"},"modified":"2022-05-25T15:36:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T19:36:45","slug":"strepsiptera","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/chapter\/strepsiptera\/","title":{"raw":"Strepsiptera","rendered":"Strepsiptera"},"content":{"raw":"<strong>Strepsiptera<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe last of the small neuropteroid orders that you should know is the Strepsiptera, also known as the twisted-winged parasites. This entire order is endoparasitic in other insects, including throughout most of their adult lives. Very young larvae and males are the only free-living life stages. Most parasitize Hymenoptera, but a few parasitize cockroaches and some other insects. The adult female is larva-like, and protrudes from between the sclerites of the host. The male is winged, but has only a single pair of wings. The forewings are reduced and resemble the halteres of Diptera. The male\u2019s eye is not compound; instead, there is a cluster of eyes resembling a blackberry.\r\n\r\nWe do not have any Strepsiptera in the collection at UNBC.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-609\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"714\" \/>\r\n\r\nDuane D. McKenna , Brian D. Farrell, CC BY 4.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_608\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"747\"]<img class=\" wp-image-608\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"747\" height=\"700\" \/> Lasioglossum w Strepsiptera<br \/>Specimen ID: 0358<br \/>Sex: Female<br \/>Size: 6 mm<br \/>Collection Location: USA, WI, Bayfield County. Apostle Islands National Lake Shore. Boreal woodland along Mawike Road. WGS84 46.8874N\/-91.0408W<br \/>Plot: AI-3<br \/>Collection Date: 1-Aug-2014<br \/>Collector: Brick M. Fevold<br \/>Halictidae; Halictinae; Halictini; Lasioglossum cf. subgenus Dialictus. Twisted-wing parasite (Order Strepsiptera) between metasomal tergites 4 and 5. No other Strepsiptera observed in 2013-2014 bee\/wasp samples. Detail of Strepsipteran (4). Branched setae, characteristic of bees, are also visible on the abdomen.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nmaxson.erin, CC BY 2.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p><strong>Strepsiptera<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The last of the small neuropteroid orders that you should know is the Strepsiptera, also known as the twisted-winged parasites. This entire order is endoparasitic in other insects, including throughout most of their adult lives. Very young larvae and males are the only free-living life stages. Most parasitize Hymenoptera, but a few parasitize cockroaches and some other insects. The adult female is larva-like, and protrudes from between the sclerites of the host. The male is winged, but has only a single pair of wings. The forewings are reduced and resemble the halteres of Diptera. The male\u2019s eye is not compound; instead, there is a cluster of eyes resembling a blackberry.<\/p>\n<p>We do not have any Strepsiptera in the collection at UNBC.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-609\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1.png 1861w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-300x294.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-1024x1003.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-768x752.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-1536x1504.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-65x64.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-225x220.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Strepsiptera1-350x343.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Duane D. McKenna , Brian D. Farrell, CC BY 4.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_608\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-608\" style=\"width: 747px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-608\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"747\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836.jpg 2066w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-300x281.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-1024x960.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-768x720.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-1536x1440.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-2048x1920.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-65x61.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-225x211.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1654\/2022\/05\/Lasioglossum_w_Strepsiptera_16789488836-350x328.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-608\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lasioglossum w Strepsiptera<br \/>Specimen ID: 0358<br \/>Sex: Female<br \/>Size: 6 mm<br \/>Collection Location: USA, WI, Bayfield County. Apostle Islands National Lake Shore. Boreal woodland along Mawike Road. WGS84 46.8874N\/-91.0408W<br \/>Plot: AI-3<br \/>Collection Date: 1-Aug-2014<br \/>Collector: Brick M. Fevold<br \/>Halictidae; Halictinae; Halictini; Lasioglossum cf. subgenus Dialictus. Twisted-wing parasite (Order Strepsiptera) between metasomal tergites 4 and 5. No other Strepsiptera observed in 2013-2014 bee\/wasp samples. Detail of Strepsipteran (4). Branched setae, characteristic of bees, are also visible on the abdomen.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>maxson.erin, CC BY 2.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":799,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-571","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":184,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/799"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=571"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":611,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/571\/revisions\/611"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/184"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/571\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=571"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=571"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unbcbiol322\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}