{"id":44,"date":"2019-06-14T23:42:31","date_gmt":"2019-06-15T03:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unromantest\/?post_type=front-matter&p=44"},"modified":"2020-09-01T11:19:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-01T15:19:57","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"front-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/unromantest\/front-matter\/timeline\/","title":{"raw":"Timeline","rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"raw":"
Timeline of Roman History (dates especially relevant to this book are bolded)\r\n<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n
BCE<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n753 Legendary foundation of Rome by Romulus, the first king of Rome.\r\n\r\n509 Tarquinius Superbus, last king of Rome, expelled; Rome becomes a Republic. Creation of the office of consul\r\n\r\n500-450 Creation of the office of Tribune of the Plebs, an office to protect the rights of the plebs\r\n\r\n496 Rome defeats Latin League forces and Tarquinius Superbus and sons at the Battle of Lake Regillus\r\n\r\n396 Rome sacks and destroys the Etruscan city of Veii\r\n\r\n390 Rome sacked by the Gauls<\/strong>\r\n\r\n343-341 First Samnite War ends with Rome capturing Capua and northern Campania\r\n\r\n326-304 Second Samnite War ends with Rome conquering most of central and southern Italy\r\n\r\n298-290 Third Samnite War ends with Rome in control of most of the Pennisula of Italy, with only Greek cities in the extreme south and the Po Valley in the North outside that control\r\n\r\n280-275 Pyrrhic War. War against the Greek city of Tarentum and King Pyrrhus of Epirus.\r\n\r\n264-241 First Punic War (against Carthage) fought in Sicily and North Africa\r\n\r\n229-228 First Illyrian War; ends with the surrender of Queen Teuta of Illyria\r\n\r\n220-219 Second Illyrian War ends with the defeat of Demetrius of Pharos and Roman victory\r\n\r\n218-202 Second Punic War fought in Italy, Spain, and North Africa\r\n\r\n215 Lex Oppia <\/em>restricts the amount of gold a Roman woman could wear to half an ounce of gold\r\n\r\n216 Battle of Cannae. Roman defeat at the hands of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general results in c.50,000 Roman deaths\r\n\r\n202 Battle of Zama results in the victory of Scipio Africanus the Younger over the Carthaginian general Hannibal\r\n\r\n200-197 Second Macedonian war against Philip V of Macedon\r\n\r\n197 Philip V defeated at Battle of Cynoscephalae by Rome and her allies, including the Aetolian League, led by Titus Flamininus\r\n\r\n192-188 War with Antiochus the Great of Syria\r\n\r\n189 M. Fulvius Nobilior defeats the Aetolians at Ambracia\r\n\r\n171-168 Third Macedonian War ends with the defeat of the Perseus, King of Macedon, and the Aetolian League\r\n\r\n168 Third Illyrian War\r\n\r\n149-146 Third Punic War\r\n\r\n107 Gaius Marius elected consul for the first time\r\n\r\n91-88 Social War between Rome\u2019s Italian Allies (the Socii) and Rome\r\n\r\n90 Lex Julia <\/em>grants Romans grant citizenship to those Allies who had stayed loyal in the Social War<\/strong>\r\n\r\n89 Lex Plautia Papiria <\/em>grants Roman citizenship to those Allies who had rebelled in the Social War<\/strong>\r\n\r\n88 Sulla\u2019s march on Rome\r\n\r\n74-66 Third Mithridatic War ends with Pompey the Great\u2019s victory over Mithridates VI of Pontus\r\n\r\n73-71 Spartacus revolt (Third Servile War)\r\n\r\n72 Lex Gellia Cornelia allows Pompey to give citizenship to his clients and (some) Spaniards<\/strong>\r\n\r\n65 Lex Papia de peregrinis allows for challenges against claims of citizenship and deported foreigners from Rome<\/strong>\r\n\r\n58-50 Julius Caesar fights a number of campaigns against the Gauls, resulting in Roman occupation of Gaul and the deaths of some million Gauls\r\n\r\n49-45 Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great, with Pompey leading the senatorial forces\r\n\r\n48 Julius Caesar defeats the senatorial forces under Pompey the Great at the Battle of Pharsalus\r\n\r\n44 Julius Caesar assassinated\r\n\r\n42 Battle of Philippi ends with the defeat of senatorial forces under Brutus and Cassius by the army of Mark Antony and Octavian\r\n\r\n31 Battle of Actium and Octavian\u2019s defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra makes Octavian the sole ruler of the Roman world\r\n\r\n27 Octavian is voted the title of Augustus and becomes the first emperor of Rome\r\n
CE<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n14 Death of Augustus. Tiberius becomes emperor.\r\n\r\n41 Caligula assassinated; Claudius becomes emperor\r\n\r\n54 Claudius dies; Nero becomes emperor\r\n\r\n64 Great Fire of Rome, first persecutions of Christians<\/strong>\r\n\r\n66-73 First Jewish War<\/strong>\r\n\r\n68 Nero\u2019s suicide means the end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty\r\n\r\n69 Year of the four emperors (Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and, finally, Vespasian). Vespasian becomes the first Flavian emperor\r\n\r\n79 Death of Vespasian; Titus becomes emperor\r\n\r\n80 Titus holds inaugural games at the Colosseum (the construction was completed later under Domitian)\r\n\r\n81 Titus dies; Domitian becomes emperor\r\n\r\n96 Domitian assassinated; end of the Flavian dynasty. A sixty-five year old senator called Nerva becomes emperor.\r\n\r\n97 Nerva adopts Trajan as his heir\r\n\r\n98 Nerva dies; Trajan becomes emperor\r\n\r\n117 Trajan dies; Hadrian becomes emperor after Trajan appoints him on his death bed.\r\n\r\n138 In his dying days Hadrian adopts Antonius Pius; Antonius Pius becomes emperor\r\n\r\n192 Assassination of Commodus\r\n\r\n193 Septimius Severus becomes emperor, beginning of the Severan Dynasty\r\n\r\n211 Caracalla becomes emperor with his brother Geta; Caracalla kills Geta\r\n\r\n212 Caracalla extends citizenship to all freeborn residents of the Roman Empire<\/strong>\r\n\r\n218 Elagabalus becomes emperor\r\n\r\n222 Elagabalus assassinated. Alexander Severus becomes emperor\r\n\r\n330 Constantinople becomes the imperial capital\r\n\r\n ","rendered":"
Timeline of Roman History (dates especially relevant to this book are bolded)
\n<\/strong><\/h5>\n
BCE<\/strong><\/h5>\n

753 Legendary foundation of Rome by Romulus, the first king of Rome.<\/p>\n

509 Tarquinius Superbus, last king of Rome, expelled; Rome becomes a Republic. Creation of the office of consul<\/p>\n

500-450 Creation of the office of Tribune of the Plebs, an office to protect the rights of the plebs<\/p>\n

496 Rome defeats Latin League forces and Tarquinius Superbus and sons at the Battle of Lake Regillus<\/p>\n

396 Rome sacks and destroys the Etruscan city of Veii<\/p>\n

390 Rome sacked by the Gauls<\/strong><\/p>\n

343-341 First Samnite War ends with Rome capturing Capua and northern Campania<\/p>\n

326-304 Second Samnite War ends with Rome conquering most of central and southern Italy<\/p>\n

298-290 Third Samnite War ends with Rome in control of most of the Pennisula of Italy, with only Greek cities in the extreme south and the Po Valley in the North outside that control<\/p>\n

280-275 Pyrrhic War. War against the Greek city of Tarentum and King Pyrrhus of Epirus.<\/p>\n

264-241 First Punic War (against Carthage) fought in Sicily and North Africa<\/p>\n

229-228 First Illyrian War; ends with the surrender of Queen Teuta of Illyria<\/p>\n

220-219 Second Illyrian War ends with the defeat of Demetrius of Pharos and Roman victory<\/p>\n

218-202 Second Punic War fought in Italy, Spain, and North Africa<\/p>\n

215 Lex Oppia <\/em>restricts the amount of gold a Roman woman could wear to half an ounce of gold<\/p>\n

216 Battle of Cannae. Roman defeat at the hands of Hannibal, the Carthaginian general results in c.50,000 Roman deaths<\/p>\n

202 Battle of Zama results in the victory of Scipio Africanus the Younger over the Carthaginian general Hannibal<\/p>\n

200-197 Second Macedonian war against Philip V of Macedon<\/p>\n

197 Philip V defeated at Battle of Cynoscephalae by Rome and her allies, including the Aetolian League, led by Titus Flamininus<\/p>\n

192-188 War with Antiochus the Great of Syria<\/p>\n

189 M. Fulvius Nobilior defeats the Aetolians at Ambracia<\/p>\n

171-168 Third Macedonian War ends with the defeat of the Perseus, King of Macedon, and the Aetolian League<\/p>\n

168 Third Illyrian War<\/p>\n

149-146 Third Punic War<\/p>\n

107 Gaius Marius elected consul for the first time<\/p>\n

91-88 Social War between Rome\u2019s Italian Allies (the Socii) and Rome<\/p>\n

90 Lex Julia <\/em>grants Romans grant citizenship to those Allies who had stayed loyal in the Social War<\/strong><\/p>\n

89 Lex Plautia Papiria <\/em>grants Roman citizenship to those Allies who had rebelled in the Social War<\/strong><\/p>\n

88 Sulla\u2019s march on Rome<\/p>\n

74-66 Third Mithridatic War ends with Pompey the Great\u2019s victory over Mithridates VI of Pontus<\/p>\n

73-71 Spartacus revolt (Third Servile War)<\/p>\n

72 Lex Gellia Cornelia allows Pompey to give citizenship to his clients and (some) Spaniards<\/strong><\/p>\n

65 Lex Papia de peregrinis allows for challenges against claims of citizenship and deported foreigners from Rome<\/strong><\/p>\n

58-50 Julius Caesar fights a number of campaigns against the Gauls, resulting in Roman occupation of Gaul and the deaths of some million Gauls<\/p>\n

49-45 Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great, with Pompey leading the senatorial forces<\/p>\n

48 Julius Caesar defeats the senatorial forces under Pompey the Great at the Battle of Pharsalus<\/p>\n

44 Julius Caesar assassinated<\/p>\n

42 Battle of Philippi ends with the defeat of senatorial forces under Brutus and Cassius by the army of Mark Antony and Octavian<\/p>\n

31 Battle of Actium and Octavian\u2019s defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra makes Octavian the sole ruler of the Roman world<\/p>\n

27 Octavian is voted the title of Augustus and becomes the first emperor of Rome<\/p>\n

CE<\/strong><\/h5>\n

14 Death of Augustus. Tiberius becomes emperor.<\/p>\n

41 Caligula assassinated; Claudius becomes emperor<\/p>\n

54 Claudius dies; Nero becomes emperor<\/p>\n

64 Great Fire of Rome, first persecutions of Christians<\/strong><\/p>\n

66-73 First Jewish War<\/strong><\/p>\n

68 Nero\u2019s suicide means the end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty<\/p>\n

69 Year of the four emperors (Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and, finally, Vespasian). Vespasian becomes the first Flavian emperor<\/p>\n

79 Death of Vespasian; Titus becomes emperor<\/p>\n

80 Titus holds inaugural games at the Colosseum (the construction was completed later under Domitian)<\/p>\n

81 Titus dies; Domitian becomes emperor<\/p>\n

96 Domitian assassinated; end of the Flavian dynasty. A sixty-five year old senator called Nerva becomes emperor.<\/p>\n

97 Nerva adopts Trajan as his heir<\/p>\n

98 Nerva dies; Trajan becomes emperor<\/p>\n

117 Trajan dies; Hadrian becomes emperor after Trajan appoints him on his death bed.<\/p>\n

138 In his dying days Hadrian adopts Antonius Pius; Antonius Pius becomes emperor<\/p>\n

192 Assassination of Commodus<\/p>\n

193 Septimius Severus becomes emperor, beginning of the Severan Dynasty<\/p>\n

211 Caracalla becomes emperor with his brother Geta; Caracalla kills Geta<\/p>\n

212 Caracalla extends citizenship to all freeborn residents of the Roman Empire<\/strong><\/p>\n

218 Elagabalus becomes emperor<\/p>\n

222 Elagabalus assassinated. Alexander Severus becomes emperor<\/p>\n

330 Constantinople becomes the imperial capital<\/p>\n

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