{"id":374,"date":"2015-04-21T00:53:44","date_gmt":"2015-04-21T04:53:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/chapter\/2-7-misplaced-and-dangling-modifiers\/"},"modified":"2021-01-13T12:19:12","modified_gmt":"2021-01-13T17:19:12","slug":"2-7-misplaced-and-dangling-modifiers","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/chapter\/2-7-misplaced-and-dangling-modifiers\/","title":{"raw":"2.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers","rendered":"2.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Identify modifiers.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Learn how to correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">modifier<\/a><\/span> is a word, phrase, or clause that clarifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause. Sometimes writers use modifiers incorrectly, leading to strange and unintentionally humorous sentences. The two common types of modifier errors are called misplaced modifiers and dangling modifiers. If either of these errors occurs, readers can no longer read smoothly. Instead, they become stumped trying to figure out <em class=\"emphasis\">what<\/em> the writer meant to say. A writer\u2019s goal must always be to communicate clearly and to avoid distracting the reader with strange sentences or awkward sentence constructions. The good news is that these errors can be easily overcome.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h2>Misplaced Modifiers<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">misplaced modifier<\/a><\/span> is a modifier that is placed too far from the word or words it modifies. Misplaced modifiers make the sentence awkward and sometimes unintentionally humorous.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p02\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> She wore a bicycle helmet on her head <em class=\"emphasis\">that was too large<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p03\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> She wore a bicycle helmet <em class=\"emphasis\">that was too large<\/em> on her head.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li>Notice in the incorrect sentence it sounds as if her head was too large! Of course, the writer is referring to the helmet, not to the person\u2019s head. The corrected version of the sentence clarifies the writer\u2019s meaning.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p04\" class=\"para editable block\">Look at the following two examples:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n02\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p05\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> They bought a kitten for my brother <em class=\"emphasis\">they call Shadow<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p06\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> They bought a kitten <em class=\"emphasis\">they call Shadow<\/em> for my brother.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li>In the incorrect sentence, it seems that the brother\u2019s name is <em class=\"emphasis\">Shadow<\/em>. That\u2019s because the modifier is too far from the word it modifies, which is <em class=\"emphasis\">kitten<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n03\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p07\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> The patient was referred to the physician <em class=\"emphasis\">with stomach pains<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p08\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> The patient <em class=\"emphasis\">with stomach pains<\/em> was referred to the physician.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l03\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li>The incorrect sentence reads as if it is the physician who has stomach pains! What the writer means is that the patient has stomach pains.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n04\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h4 class=\"title\">Tip<\/h4>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p09\" class=\"para\">Simple modifiers like <em class=\"emphasis\">only<\/em>, <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em>, <em class=\"emphasis\">just<\/em>, <em class=\"emphasis\">nearly<\/em>, and <em class=\"emphasis\">barely<\/em> often get used incorrectly because writers often stick them in the wrong place.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p10\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Confusing:<\/strong> Tyler <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em> found fifty cents under the sofa cushions.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p11\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Repaired:<\/strong> Tyler found <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em> fifty cents under the sofa cushions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l04\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>How do you <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em> find something? Either you find it or you do not. The repaired sentence is much clearer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n05\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise 1<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p12\" class=\"para\">On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences to correct the misplaced modifiers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l05\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>The young lady was walking the dog on the telephone.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I heard that there was a robbery on the evening news.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Uncle Louie bought a running stroller for the baby that he called \u201cSpeed Racer.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rolling down the mountain, the explorer stopped the boulder with his powerful foot.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We are looking for a babysitter for our precious six-year-old who doesn\u2019t drink or smoke and owns a car.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The teacher served cookies to the children wrapped in aluminum foil.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The mysterious woman walked toward the car holding an umbrella.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We returned the wine to the waiter that was sour.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Charlie spotted a stray puppy driving home from work.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I ate nothing but a cold bowl of noodles for dinner.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02\" class=\"section\">\r\n<h2>Dangling Modifiers<\/h2>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">dangling modifier<\/a><\/span> is a word, phrase, or clause that describes something that has been left out of the sentence. When there is nothing that the word, phrase, or clause can modify, the modifier is said to dangle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p02\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> <em class=\"emphasis\">Riding in the sports car<\/em>, the world whizzed by rapidly.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p03\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> As Jane was <em class=\"emphasis\">riding in the sports car<\/em>, the world whizzed by rapidly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li>In the incorrect sentence, <em class=\"emphasis\">riding in the sports car<\/em> is dangling. The reader is left wondering who is riding in the sports car. The writer must tell the reader!<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n02\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p04\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> <em class=\"emphasis\">Walking home at night<\/em>, the trees looked like spooky aliens.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p05\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> As Jonas was <em class=\"emphasis\">walking home at night<\/em>, the trees looked like spooky aliens.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p06\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> The trees looked like spooky aliens as Jonas was <em class=\"emphasis\">walking home at night<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li>In the incorrect sentence <em class=\"emphasis\">walking home at night<\/em> is dangling. Who is walking home at night? Jonas. Note that there are two different ways the dangling modifier can be corrected.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n03\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p07\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> To win the spelling bee, Luis and Gerard should join our team.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p08\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> If we want to win the spelling bee this year, Luis and Gerard should join our team.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l03\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\r\n \t<li>In the incorrect sentence, <em class=\"emphasis\">to win the spelling bee<\/em> is dangling. Who wants to win the spelling bee? We do!<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFigure: Does Your Sentence Have a Dangling Modifier?\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-402\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-813x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"813\" height=\"1024\" \/>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n04\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h4 class=\"title\">Tip<\/h4>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p09\" class=\"para\">The following three steps will help you quickly spot a dangling modifier:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l04\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"para\">Look for an <em class=\"emphasis\">-ing<\/em> modifier at the beginning of your sentence or another modifying phrase:<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p10\" class=\"para\"><em class=\"emphasis\">Painting for three hours at night,<\/em> the kitchen was finally finished by Maggie. (<em class=\"emphasis\">Painting<\/em> is the <em class=\"emphasis\">-ing<\/em> modifier.)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"para\">Underline the first noun that follows it:<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p11\" class=\"para\"><em class=\"emphasis\">Painting for three hours at night,<\/em> the <span class=\"token\">kitchen<\/span> was finally finished by Maggie.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<p class=\"para\">Make sure the modifier and noun go together logically. If they do not, it is very likely you have a dangling modifier.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p12\" class=\"para\">After identifying the dangling modifier, rewrite the sentence.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p13\" class=\"para\"><em class=\"emphasis\">Painting for three hours at night, Maggie<\/em> finally finished the kitchen.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n05\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise 2<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p14\" class=\"para\">Rewrite the following the sentences onto your own sheet of paper to correct the dangling modifiers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l05\" class=\"orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Bent over backward, the posture was very challenging.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Making discoveries about new creatures, this is an interesting time to be a biologist.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Walking in the dark, the picture fell off the wall.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Playing a guitar in the bedroom, the cat was seen under the bed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Packing for a trip, a cockroach scurried down the hallway.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>While looking in the mirror, the towel swayed in the breeze.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>While driving to the veterinarian\u2019s office, the dog nervously whined.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The priceless painting drew large crowds when walking into the museum.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Piled up next to the bookshelf, I chose a romance novel.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chewing furiously, the gum fell out of my mouth.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n06\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise 3<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p15\" class=\"para\">Rewrite the following paragraph correcting all the misplaced and dangling modifiers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_bl01\" class=\"blockquote\">\r\n\r\nI bought a fresh loaf of bread for my sandwich shopping in the grocery store. Wanting to make a delicious sandwich, the mayonnaise was thickly spread. Placing the cold cuts on the bread, the lettuce was placed on top. I cut the sandwich in half with a knife turning on the radio. Biting into the sandwich, my favorite song blared loudly in my ears. Humming and chewing, my sandwich went down smoothly. Smiling, my sandwich will be made again, but next time I will add cheese.\r\n<p class=\"simpara\"><strong>Collaboration<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p17\" class=\"para\">Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n07\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l06\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Misplaced and dangling modifiers make sentences difficult to understand.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Misplaced and dangling modifiers distract the reader.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There are several effective ways to identify and correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n08\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h4 class=\"title\">Writing Application<\/h4>\r\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p18\" class=\"para\">See how creative and humorous you can get by writing ten sentences with misplaced and dangling modifiers. This is a deceptively simple task, but rise to the challenge. Your writing will be stronger for it. Exchange papers with a classmate, and rewrite your classmate\u2019s sentences to correct any misplaced modifiers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_l01\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Identify modifiers.<\/li>\n<li>Learn how to correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">modifier<\/a><\/span> is a word, phrase, or clause that clarifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause. Sometimes writers use modifiers incorrectly, leading to strange and unintentionally humorous sentences. The two common types of modifier errors are called misplaced modifiers and dangling modifiers. If either of these errors occurs, readers can no longer read smoothly. Instead, they become stumped trying to figure out <em class=\"emphasis\">what<\/em> the writer meant to say. A writer\u2019s goal must always be to communicate clearly and to avoid distracting the reader with strange sentences or awkward sentence constructions. The good news is that these errors can be easily overcome.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01\" class=\"section\">\n<h2>Misplaced Modifiers<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">misplaced modifier<\/a><\/span> is a modifier that is placed too far from the word or words it modifies. Misplaced modifiers make the sentence awkward and sometimes unintentionally humorous.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p02\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> She wore a bicycle helmet on her head <em class=\"emphasis\">that was too large<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p03\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> She wore a bicycle helmet <em class=\"emphasis\">that was too large<\/em> on her head.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li>Notice in the incorrect sentence it sounds as if her head was too large! Of course, the writer is referring to the helmet, not to the person\u2019s head. The corrected version of the sentence clarifies the writer\u2019s meaning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p04\" class=\"para editable block\">Look at the following two examples:<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n02\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p05\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> They bought a kitten for my brother <em class=\"emphasis\">they call Shadow<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p06\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> They bought a kitten <em class=\"emphasis\">they call Shadow<\/em> for my brother.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li>In the incorrect sentence, it seems that the brother\u2019s name is <em class=\"emphasis\">Shadow<\/em>. That\u2019s because the modifier is too far from the word it modifies, which is <em class=\"emphasis\">kitten<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n03\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p07\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> The patient was referred to the physician <em class=\"emphasis\">with stomach pains<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p08\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> The patient <em class=\"emphasis\">with stomach pains<\/em> was referred to the physician.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l03\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li>The incorrect sentence reads as if it is the physician who has stomach pains! What the writer means is that the patient has stomach pains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n04\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h4 class=\"title\">Tip<\/h4>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p09\" class=\"para\">Simple modifiers like <em class=\"emphasis\">only<\/em>, <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em>, <em class=\"emphasis\">just<\/em>, <em class=\"emphasis\">nearly<\/em>, and <em class=\"emphasis\">barely<\/em> often get used incorrectly because writers often stick them in the wrong place.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p10\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Confusing:<\/strong> Tyler <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em> found fifty cents under the sofa cushions.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p11\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Repaired:<\/strong> Tyler found <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em> fifty cents under the sofa cushions.<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l04\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\n<li>How do you <em class=\"emphasis\">almost<\/em> find something? Either you find it or you do not. The repaired sentence is much clearer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_n05\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise 1<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_p12\" class=\"para\">On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences to correct the misplaced modifiers.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s01_l05\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>The young lady was walking the dog on the telephone.<\/li>\n<li>I heard that there was a robbery on the evening news.<\/li>\n<li>Uncle Louie bought a running stroller for the baby that he called \u201cSpeed Racer.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Rolling down the mountain, the explorer stopped the boulder with his powerful foot.<\/li>\n<li>We are looking for a babysitter for our precious six-year-old who doesn\u2019t drink or smoke and owns a car.<\/li>\n<li>The teacher served cookies to the children wrapped in aluminum foil.<\/li>\n<li>The mysterious woman walked toward the car holding an umbrella.<\/li>\n<li>We returned the wine to the waiter that was sour.<\/li>\n<li>Charlie spotted a stray puppy driving home from work.<\/li>\n<li>I ate nothing but a cold bowl of noodles for dinner.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02\" class=\"section\">\n<h2>Dangling Modifiers<\/h2>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p01\" class=\"para editable block\">A <span class=\"margin_term\"><a class=\"glossterm\">dangling modifier<\/a><\/span> is a word, phrase, or clause that describes something that has been left out of the sentence. When there is nothing that the word, phrase, or clause can modify, the modifier is said to dangle.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p02\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> <em class=\"emphasis\">Riding in the sports car<\/em>, the world whizzed by rapidly.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p03\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> As Jane was <em class=\"emphasis\">riding in the sports car<\/em>, the world whizzed by rapidly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l01\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li>In the incorrect sentence, <em class=\"emphasis\">riding in the sports car<\/em> is dangling. The reader is left wondering who is riding in the sports car. The writer must tell the reader!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n02\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p04\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> <em class=\"emphasis\">Walking home at night<\/em>, the trees looked like spooky aliens.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p05\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> As Jonas was <em class=\"emphasis\">walking home at night<\/em>, the trees looked like spooky aliens.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p06\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> The trees looked like spooky aliens as Jonas was <em class=\"emphasis\">walking home at night<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l02\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li>In the incorrect sentence <em class=\"emphasis\">walking home at night<\/em> is dangling. Who is walking home at night? Jonas. Note that there are two different ways the dangling modifier can be corrected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n03\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p07\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> To win the spelling bee, Luis and Gerard should join our team.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p08\" class=\"para\"><strong class=\"emphasis bold\">Correct:<\/strong> If we want to win the spelling bee this year, Luis and Gerard should join our team.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l03\" class=\"itemizedlist editable block\">\n<li>In the incorrect sentence, <em class=\"emphasis\">to win the spelling bee<\/em> is dangling. Who wants to win the spelling bee? We do!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Figure: Does Your Sentence Have a Dangling Modifier?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-402\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-813x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"813\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-813x1024.png 813w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-238x300.png 238w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-768x967.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-65x82.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-225x283.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2-350x441.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1233\/2015\/04\/Does-Your-Sentence-Have-a-Dangling-Modifier-2.png 1009w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n04\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h4 class=\"title\">Tip<\/h4>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p09\" class=\"para\">The following three steps will help you quickly spot a dangling modifier:<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l04\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"para\">Look for an <em class=\"emphasis\">-ing<\/em> modifier at the beginning of your sentence or another modifying phrase:<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p10\" class=\"para\"><em class=\"emphasis\">Painting for three hours at night,<\/em> the kitchen was finally finished by Maggie. (<em class=\"emphasis\">Painting<\/em> is the <em class=\"emphasis\">-ing<\/em> modifier.)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"para\">Underline the first noun that follows it:<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p11\" class=\"para\"><em class=\"emphasis\">Painting for three hours at night,<\/em> the <span class=\"token\">kitchen<\/span> was finally finished by Maggie.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"para\">Make sure the modifier and noun go together logically. If they do not, it is very likely you have a dangling modifier.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p12\" class=\"para\">After identifying the dangling modifier, rewrite the sentence.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p13\" class=\"para\"><em class=\"emphasis\">Painting for three hours at night, Maggie<\/em> finally finished the kitchen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n05\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise 2<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p14\" class=\"para\">Rewrite the following the sentences onto your own sheet of paper to correct the dangling modifiers.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l05\" class=\"orderedlist\">\n<li>Bent over backward, the posture was very challenging.<\/li>\n<li>Making discoveries about new creatures, this is an interesting time to be a biologist.<\/li>\n<li>Walking in the dark, the picture fell off the wall.<\/li>\n<li>Playing a guitar in the bedroom, the cat was seen under the bed.<\/li>\n<li>Packing for a trip, a cockroach scurried down the hallway.<\/li>\n<li>While looking in the mirror, the towel swayed in the breeze.<\/li>\n<li>While driving to the veterinarian\u2019s office, the dog nervously whined.<\/li>\n<li>The priceless painting drew large crowds when walking into the museum.<\/li>\n<li>Piled up next to the bookshelf, I chose a romance novel.<\/li>\n<li>Chewing furiously, the gum fell out of my mouth.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n06\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Exercise 3<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p15\" class=\"para\">Rewrite the following paragraph correcting all the misplaced and dangling modifiers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_bl01\" class=\"blockquote\">\n<p>I bought a fresh loaf of bread for my sandwich shopping in the grocery store. Wanting to make a delicious sandwich, the mayonnaise was thickly spread. Placing the cold cuts on the bread, the lettuce was placed on top. I cut the sandwich in half with a knife turning on the radio. Biting into the sandwich, my favorite song blared loudly in my ears. Humming and chewing, my sandwich went down smoothly. Smiling, my sandwich will be made again, but next time I will add cheese.<\/p>\n<p class=\"simpara\"><strong>Collaboration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p17\" class=\"para\">Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n07\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_l06\" class=\"itemizedlist\">\n<li>Misplaced and dangling modifiers make sentences difficult to understand.<\/li>\n<li>Misplaced and dangling modifiers distract the reader.<\/li>\n<li>There are several effective ways to identify and correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_n08\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h4 class=\"title\">Writing Application<\/h4>\n<p id=\"fresh-ch02_s07_s02_p18\" class=\"para\">See how creative and humorous you can get by writing ten sentences with misplaced and dangling modifiers. This is a deceptively simple task, but rise to the challenge. Your writing will be stronger for it. Exchange papers with a classmate, and rewrite your classmate\u2019s sentences to correct any misplaced modifiers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":515,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[61],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-374","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-author-removed-at-request-of-original-publisher","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":352,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/515"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":417,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/374\/revisions\/417"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/352"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/374\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}