{"id":537,"date":"2016-06-11T19:14:24","date_gmt":"2016-06-11T23:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/chapter\/attribution\/"},"modified":"2021-01-20T11:46:22","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T16:46:22","slug":"attribution","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/chapter\/attribution\/","title":{"raw":"5.8 Attribution","rendered":"5.8 Attribution"},"content":{"raw":"Indicate the source(s) of the information presented in the article through attribution, which typically takes the form of paraphrases as well as direct and indirect quotes. Attribution is very important in media writing, as it helps to establish an objective tone and adds credibility to an article (Harrower, 2012). Attribution also explains how the writer retrieved the information and why a particular source was quoted. Most of a story\u2019s major information should be attributed, through phrases such as \u201cshe said\u201d or \u201caccording to a recent report.\u201d\r\n\r\nAttribution can be placed at the beginning of a sentence to introduce information or added after a statement. Pay close attention to verb tense and choice when attributing sources. For example, the most common verbs used for attributing human sources are \u201csaid,\u201d \u201cstated,\u201d and \u201casked.\u201d For records or documents, use \u201creported,\u201d \u201cclaimed,\u201d and \u201cstated.\u201d Direct quotes should be surrounded by quotation marks and include the source\u2019s exact words. Paraphrased statements and indirect quotes should not be placed in quotation marks.\r\n\r\nHere are examples of attributed statements:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe libraries are usually crowded and filled with students around this time in the semester,\u201d said Laura Skyborn, a KPU librarian.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A heavy cloud of smog hung over the city Wednesday, Metro Vancouver officials said.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to a statement from the Premier's Office, the Premier will announce his cabinet picks on Monday.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhen initially referencing a human source, include the person\u2019s full name and titled. Use only the last name for subsequent references.\r\n\r\nInclude important qualifiers with the first reference to demonstrate that the source has expertise on the topic. For example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cUsing role-plays in the classroom enhances student engagement,\u201d said Andrew Frank, a public relations instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNotice that the direct quote with attribution uses the qualifier \u201cpublic relations instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University\u201d to indicate the source\u2019s credibility.\r\n\r\nQualifiers are also used to explain a source\u2019s relevance to the topic. The following example might be used in a news article reporting on a crime.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIt was just complete chaos in the street. The police were trying very hard to catch the assailants,\u201d eyewitness Angela Nelson said.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe qualifier \u201ceyewitness\u201d helps to establish Nelson\u2019s relevance to the narrative.\r\n\r\nFinally, attribution should flow well within the story. Avoid using long qualifiers or awkward phrases.","rendered":"<p>Indicate the source(s) of the information presented in the article through attribution, which typically takes the form of paraphrases as well as direct and indirect quotes. Attribution is very important in media writing, as it helps to establish an objective tone and adds credibility to an article (Harrower, 2012). Attribution also explains how the writer retrieved the information and why a particular source was quoted. Most of a story\u2019s major information should be attributed, through phrases such as \u201cshe said\u201d or \u201caccording to a recent report.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Attribution can be placed at the beginning of a sentence to introduce information or added after a statement. Pay close attention to verb tense and choice when attributing sources. For example, the most common verbs used for attributing human sources are \u201csaid,\u201d \u201cstated,\u201d and \u201casked.\u201d For records or documents, use \u201creported,\u201d \u201cclaimed,\u201d and \u201cstated.\u201d Direct quotes should be surrounded by quotation marks and include the source\u2019s exact words. Paraphrased statements and indirect quotes should not be placed in quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p>Here are examples of attributed statements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe libraries are usually crowded and filled with students around this time in the semester,\u201d said Laura Skyborn, a KPU librarian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A heavy cloud of smog hung over the city Wednesday, Metro Vancouver officials said.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to a statement from the Premier&#8217;s Office, the Premier will announce his cabinet picks on Monday.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When initially referencing a human source, include the person\u2019s full name and titled. Use only the last name for subsequent references.<\/p>\n<p>Include important qualifiers with the first reference to demonstrate that the source has expertise on the topic. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cUsing role-plays in the classroom enhances student engagement,\u201d said Andrew Frank, a public relations instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Notice that the direct quote with attribution uses the qualifier \u201cpublic relations instructor at Kwantlen Polytechnic University\u201d to indicate the source\u2019s credibility.<\/p>\n<p>Qualifiers are also used to explain a source\u2019s relevance to the topic. The following example might be used in a news article reporting on a crime.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIt was just complete chaos in the street. The police were trying very hard to catch the assailants,\u201d eyewitness Angela Nelson said.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The qualifier \u201ceyewitness\u201d helps to establish Nelson\u2019s relevance to the narrative.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, attribution should flow well within the story. Avoid using long qualifiers or awkward phrases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":515,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[63],"license":[55],"class_list":["post-537","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-jasmine-roberts","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":513,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/515"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":640,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/537\/revisions\/640"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/513"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/537\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=537"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=537"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingforpublicrelations\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}