{"id":132,"date":"2022-01-31T13:05:33","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T18:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/?post_type=chapter&p=132"},"modified":"2022-06-28T21:55:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T01:55:59","slug":"decolonizing-citations","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/chapter\/decolonizing-citations\/","title":{"raw":"Decolonizing Citations","rendered":"Decolonizing Citations"},"content":{"raw":"
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\r\n\r\n\u201cAlways citing the same small circle of voices is both harmful to the health of the field and disrespectful to the many fine scholars and writers whose work informs, enhances, challenges, and complicates our broader conversation<\/em>\u201d (Justice, 2018, p. 242).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\"Illustration<\/a>\r\n\r\nAs you develop and grow as a student, a scientist and a scholar, it\u2019s important to reflect on your citational practices. Whose knowledge contributions are you including in your scholarship and citing? Are you only citing famous, established scholars and ignoring emerging and\/or diverse voices? Recognizing Indigenous oral tradition as a way of knowing and reproducing knowledge is an important part of decolonizing scholarship.\r\n
Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\r\nWhile the official [pb_glossary id=\"1376\"]APA citation style guide[\/pb_glossary] provides guidelines for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers as personal communication, NorQuest College<\/a>\u00a0has developed the following templates for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers (CC BY-NC 4.0) in the spirit of wahk\u00f4htowin and reconciliation, and we thank them for sharing their template.\r\n\r\nFor information on the development of these templates and how to use them in practice, please see: Lorisia MacLeod (2021). More Than Personal Communication: Templates for Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers. KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 5, no. 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18357\/kula.135<\/a>.\r\n\r\nFor more information on citation politics and relations, see X\u0331wi7x\u0331wa Library's citing page<\/a>, from which this practice guidance has been copied. For example, the Critical Indigenous Research Toolkit<\/a> created in 2021 by Xwi7xwa Library staff in collaboration with staff at other UBC libraries provides background about UBC projects related to Critical Indigenous Literacy.\r\n\r\nUnlike other personal communications, Elders and Knowledge Keepers should be cited in-text and<\/em> in the References list.\r\n
In-text Citation<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n
\r\n\r\nThe in-text citation should follow APA guidelines for formatting in-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes. Include the Elder or Knowledge Keeper's last name and the year of communication.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\nDelores Cardinal described the nature of the... (2004).\r\n\r\nOR<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe nature of the place was... (Cardinal, 2004).\r\n
Corresponding References List Entry Format<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n
\r\n\r\nLast name, First initial., Nation\/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic\/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\nCardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nNote:<\/strong> If you would like to approach an Elder or Knowledge Keeper for teachings, remember to follow protocol or if you are unsure what their protocol is, please ask them ahead of time.<\/span>\r\n

Adaptations<\/h1>\r\nMaterial in this section has been adapted from Decolonizing Citations<\/a>\u00a0by Bronwen McKie, University of British Columbia. Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology<\/a>, licensed by Creative Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0<\/a> <\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>Xwi7xwa -\u00a0Distance Research<\/span><\/a> by Xwi7xwa Library, licensed by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a> and <\/span>APA Citation Style Guide<\/a> by UBC Library, licensed by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/span>\r\n

References<\/span><\/h1>\r\nJustice, D. H. (2018). Why Indigenous Literatures Matter.<\/em> Wilfrid Laurier University Press.\r\n

APA Citation Style Guide<\/em>. (November 23, 2021). UBC Library. https:\/\/guides.library.ubc.ca\/apacitationstyle\/indigenousknowledge\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\r\nLorisia MacLeod. (2021). \"More Than Personal Communication: Templates for Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers.\"\u00a0KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies<\/em> 5, no. 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18357\/kula.135<\/a>\r\n\r\nMcKie, B. (2020, October 22). Decolonizing Citations.\u00a0University of British Columbia. Centre for Teaching, Learning, and Technology. <\/em>http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0396037<\/a>\r\n

Xwi7xwa - Distance Research. <\/em>(March 4, 2022). UBC Library. https:\/\/guides.library.ubc.ca\/distance-research-xwi7xwa<\/a><\/p>\r\n ","rendered":"

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\u201cAlways citing the same small circle of voices is both harmful to the health of the field and disrespectful to the many fine scholars and writers whose work informs, enhances, challenges, and complicates our broader conversation<\/em>\u201d (Justice, 2018, p. 242).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"Illustration<\/a><\/p>\n

As you develop and grow as a student, a scientist and a scholar, it\u2019s important to reflect on your citational practices. Whose knowledge contributions are you including in your scholarship and citing? Are you only citing famous, established scholars and ignoring emerging and\/or diverse voices? Recognizing Indigenous oral tradition as a way of knowing and reproducing knowledge is an important part of decolonizing scholarship.<\/p>\n

Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

While the official APA citation style guide<\/a> provides guidelines for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers as personal communication, NorQuest College<\/a>\u00a0has developed the following templates for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers (CC BY-NC 4.0) in the spirit of wahk\u00f4htowin and reconciliation, and we thank them for sharing their template.<\/p>\n

For information on the development of these templates and how to use them in practice, please see: Lorisia MacLeod (2021). More Than Personal Communication: Templates for Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers. KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 5, no. 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18357\/kula.135<\/a>.<\/p>\n

For more information on citation politics and relations, see X\u0331wi7x\u0331wa Library’s citing page<\/a>, from which this practice guidance has been copied. For example, the Critical Indigenous Research Toolkit<\/a> created in 2021 by Xwi7xwa Library staff in collaboration with staff at other UBC libraries provides background about UBC projects related to Critical Indigenous Literacy.<\/p>\n

Unlike other personal communications, Elders and Knowledge Keepers should be cited in-text and<\/em> in the References list.<\/p>\n

In-text Citation<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n

The in-text citation should follow APA guidelines for formatting in-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes. Include the Elder or Knowledge Keeper’s last name and the year of communication.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

For example:<\/p>\n

Delores Cardinal described the nature of the… (2004).<\/p>\n

OR<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The nature of the place was… (Cardinal, 2004).<\/p>\n

Corresponding References List Entry Format<\/strong><\/h5>\n
\n

Last name, First initial., Nation\/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic\/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

For example:<\/p>\n

Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong> If you would like to approach an Elder or Knowledge Keeper for teachings, remember to follow protocol or if you are unsure what their protocol is, please ask them ahead of time.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adaptations<\/h1>\n

Material in this section has been adapted from Decolonizing Citations<\/a>\u00a0by Bronwen McKie, University of British Columbia. Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology<\/a>, licensed by Creative Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0<\/a> <\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>Xwi7xwa –\u00a0Distance Research<\/span><\/a> by Xwi7xwa Library, licensed by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a> and <\/span>APA Citation Style Guide<\/a> by UBC Library, licensed by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/span><\/p>\n

References<\/span><\/h1>\n

Justice, D. H. (2018). Why Indigenous Literatures Matter.<\/em> Wilfrid Laurier University Press.<\/p>\n

APA Citation Style Guide<\/em>. (November 23, 2021). UBC Library. https:\/\/guides.library.ubc.ca\/apacitationstyle\/indigenousknowledge\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

Lorisia MacLeod. (2021). “More Than Personal Communication: Templates for Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers.”\u00a0KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies<\/em> 5, no. 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18357\/kula.135<\/a><\/p>\n

McKie, B. (2020, October 22). Decolonizing Citations.\u00a0University of British Columbia. Centre for Teaching, Learning, and Technology. <\/em>http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0396037<\/a><\/p>\n

Xwi7xwa – Distance Research. <\/em>(March 4, 2022). UBC Library. https:\/\/guides.library.ubc.ca\/distance-research-xwi7xwa<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Media Attributions<\/h2>