{"id":138,"date":"2022-01-31T13:07:26","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T18:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=138"},"modified":"2022-06-28T22:00:33","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T02:00:33","slug":"types-of-logic","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/chapter\/types-of-logic\/","title":{"raw":"Order of the Components","rendered":"Order of the Components"},"content":{"raw":"<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1221\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Four arrows pointing to the right arranged horizontally, with ends overlapping.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" \/><\/a>One common arrangement for argumentative research papers is to begin with an introduction that[pb_glossary id=\"1356\"] summarizes[\/pb_glossary] the research conversation\u2014what other scholars have been contributing to the state of knowledge around your topic\u2014and explains why the situation is important\u2014why the reader should care about it. Your research question will probably not appear, but your answer to it (your [pb_glossary id=\"1385\"]thesis[\/pb_glossary], or main claim) usually appears as the last sentence or two of the introduction.\r\n\r\nThe body of your paper, or discussion section, follows and may consist of:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your reasons the thesis is correct or at least reasonable.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The evidence that supports each reason, often occurring right after the reason the evidence supports.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">An acknowledgement that some people have\/could have objections, reservations, counterarguments, or alternative solutions to your argument and a statement of each. (Posters often don\u2019t have room for this component.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A response to each acknowledgement that explains why that criticism is incorrect or not very important. Sometimes you might have to concede a point you think is unimportant, if you can\u2019t really refute it. (Again, posters often don\u2019t have much room for this part of an argument.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAfter the body (discussion), the paper ends with a conclusion, which states how you contributed to the larger research conversation, directions for future research and any lingering questions you may still have. The conclusion should also mention why your research matters. What\u2019s at stake?\r\n<h3>A Blueprint for Argument<\/h3>\r\nIt\u2019s no accident that we say people make arguments\u2014they\u2019re all constructed, and these components are the building blocks. The components are important because of what they contribute. The components generally, though not always, appear in a certain order because they build on or respond to one another.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_462\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"564\"]<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/aa-blueprint-e1647629457566.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-462\" title=\"Components of an Argument\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/aa-blueprint.png\" alt=\"A diagram with black and white speech bubbles showing the order of the components of making an argument\" width=\"564\" height=\"760\" \/><\/a> The components of an argument build on one another.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFor example, the thesis or claim is derived from the initial question. The reasons are bolstered by evidence to support the claim. Objections are raised, acknowledged and subsequently responded to.\r\n\r\nA research question leads to a thesis or claim, backed up by one or more reasons and evidence to support them. Others\u2019 objections or alternative ideas are raised and responded to.\r\n\r\nThe components of argument build on each other.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Try it:<\/strong> Drag the elements of an argument into the order in which they usually occur in an oral argument (and may appear in a written argument). If you need help, look back at one of the text above.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"17\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h1>Adaptations<\/h1>\r\nThis section has been adapted from <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/components-of-an-argument\/\">Components of an Argument<\/a> and <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/order-of-the-components\/\">Order of the Components<\/a> in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research<\/a> by Teaching &amp; Learning, Ohio State University Libraries, licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.","rendered":"<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1221\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Four arrows pointing to the right arranged horizontally, with ends overlapping.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-65x33.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-225x113.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows-350x175.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/arrows.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a>One common arrangement for argumentative research papers is to begin with an introduction that<a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_138_1356\"> summarizes<\/a> the research conversation\u2014what other scholars have been contributing to the state of knowledge around your topic\u2014and explains why the situation is important\u2014why the reader should care about it. Your research question will probably not appear, but your answer to it (your <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_138_1385\">thesis<\/a>, or main claim) usually appears as the last sentence or two of the introduction.<\/p>\n<p>The body of your paper, or discussion section, follows and may consist of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your reasons the thesis is correct or at least reasonable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The evidence that supports each reason, often occurring right after the reason the evidence supports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">An acknowledgement that some people have\/could have objections, reservations, counterarguments, or alternative solutions to your argument and a statement of each. (Posters often don\u2019t have room for this component.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A response to each acknowledgement that explains why that criticism is incorrect or not very important. Sometimes you might have to concede a point you think is unimportant, if you can\u2019t really refute it. (Again, posters often don\u2019t have much room for this part of an argument.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>After the body (discussion), the paper ends with a conclusion, which states how you contributed to the larger research conversation, directions for future research and any lingering questions you may still have. The conclusion should also mention why your research matters. What\u2019s at stake?<\/p>\n<h3>A Blueprint for Argument<\/h3>\n<p>It\u2019s no accident that we say people make arguments\u2014they\u2019re all constructed, and these components are the building blocks. The components are important because of what they contribute. The components generally, though not always, appear in a certain order because they build on or respond to one another.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_462\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-462\" style=\"width: 564px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/aa-blueprint-e1647629457566.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-462\" title=\"Components of an Argument\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/01\/aa-blueprint.png\" alt=\"A diagram with black and white speech bubbles showing the order of the components of making an argument\" width=\"564\" height=\"760\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-462\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The components of an argument build on one another.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For example, the thesis or claim is derived from the initial question. The reasons are bolstered by evidence to support the claim. Objections are raised, acknowledged and subsequently responded to.<\/p>\n<p>A research question leads to a thesis or claim, backed up by one or more reasons and evidence to support them. Others\u2019 objections or alternative ideas are raised and responded to.<\/p>\n<p>The components of argument build on each other.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p><strong>Try it:<\/strong> Drag the elements of an argument into the order in which they usually occur in an oral argument (and may appear in a written argument). If you need help, look back at one of the text above.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-17\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-17\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"17\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Order of Argument Components\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Adaptations<\/h1>\n<p>This section has been adapted from <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/components-of-an-argument\/\">Components of an Argument<\/a> and <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/order-of-the-components\/\">Order of the Components<\/a> in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research<\/a> by Teaching &amp; Learning, Ohio State University Libraries, licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"media-attributions clear\" prefix:cc=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/ns#\" prefix:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\"><h2>Media Attributions<\/h2><ul><li about=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/vectors\/arrows-diagram-process-2027262\/\"><a rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/vectors\/arrows-diagram-process-2027262\/\" property=\"dc:title\">arrows<\/a>  &copy;  <a rel=\"dc:creator\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/padrefilar-2305081\/\" property=\"cc:attributionName\">padrefilar<\/a>    is licensed under a  <a rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY (Attribution)<\/a> license<\/li><li >aa-blueprint  &copy;  Teaching & Learning, University Libraries    is licensed under a  <a rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY (Attribution)<\/a> license<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_138_1356\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_138_1356\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>An author reiterates the main ideas, arguments, and details of a text in their own words, condensing a longer text into a smaller version. Contrast with paraphrase.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_138_1385\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_138_1385\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A statement that makes a claim or presents a theory. A thesis is the \u201cfocal point\u201d of many academic works, which tend to hinge on either proving or challenging the main claim made in the thesis.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1076,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-138","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":110,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1076"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2007,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/revisions\/2007"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/110"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}