{"id":240,"date":"2022-03-10T02:38:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-10T07:38:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/?post_type=chapter&p=240"},"modified":"2023-11-30T11:16:25","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T16:16:25","slug":"summarizing-v-s-direct-quotation-v-s-paraphrasing","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/chapter\/summarizing-v-s-direct-quotation-v-s-paraphrasing\/","title":{"raw":"Summarizing v.s. Direct Quotation v.s. Paraphrasing","rendered":"Summarizing v.s. Direct Quotation v.s. Paraphrasing"},"content":{"raw":"

When to Direct Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize<\/h2>\r\n

Direct Quotes<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\"illustration<\/a>\r\n\r\nA direct quote might be most familiar to you\u2014using quotation marks (\u201c \u201d) to indicate the moments that you\u2019re borrowing, when you reproduce an author\u2019s words verbatim in your own writing. Use a direct quote if someone else wrote or said something in a distinctive or particular way and you want to capture their words exactly. Direct quotes are good for establishing credibility and providing evidence.\r\n
Paraphrasing<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\"Two<\/a>\r\n\r\n[pb_glossary id=\"1360\"]Paraphrasing[\/pb_glossary] is similar to the process of [pb_glossary id=\"1356\"]summary[\/pb_glossary]. When we paraphrase, we process information or ideas from another person\u2019s text and put them in our own words. The main difference between paraphrase and summary is scope: if summarizing means rewording and condensing, then paraphrasing means rewording without drastically altering length. However, paraphrasing is also generally more faithful to the spirit of the original; whereas a summary requires you to process and invites your own perspective, a paraphrase ought to mirror back the original idea using your own language.\r\n\r\nParaphrasing is helpful for establishing background knowledge or general consensus, simplifying a complicated idea, or reminding your reader of a certain part of another text. It is also valuable when relaying statistics or historical information, both of which are usually more fluidly woven into your writing when spoken with your own voice.\r\n
Summary<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\"A<\/a>\r\n\r\nSummary, as discussed earlier in this chapter, is useful for \u201cbroadstrokes\u201d or quick overviews, brief references, and describing the state of knowledge. When you summarize, you reword and condense another author\u2019s writing. Be aware, though, that summary also requires individual thought: when you reword, it should be a result of you processing the idea yourself, and when you condense, you must think critically about which parts of the text are most important.\r\n\r\nBelow, you can see three examples of these three tools. Consider how the direct quote, the paraphrase, and the summary each could be used to achieve different purposes.\r\n\r\nOriginal Passage<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\"It has been suggested (again rather anecdotally) that giraffes do communicate using infrasonic vocalizations (the signals are verbally described to be similar\u2014in structure and function\u2014to the low-frequency, infrasonic \u201crumbles\u201d of elephants). It was further speculated that the extensive frontal sinus of giraffes acts as a resonance chamber for infrasound production. Moreover, particular neck movements (e.g. the neck stretch) are suggested to be associated with the production of infrasonic vocalizations\" <\/em>(Baotic et al., 2015)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Quote<\/strong><\/td>\r\nParaphrase<\/strong><\/td>\r\nSummary<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Some zoological experts have pointed out that the evidence for giraffe hums has been \u201crather anecdotally\u201d reported (Baotic et al., 2019, p. 3). However, some scientists have \u201cspeculated that the extensive frontal sinus of giraffes acts as a resonance chamber for infrasound production\u201d (Baotic et al., 2019, p. 3).<\/td>\r\nGiraffes emit a low-pitch noise; some scientists believe that this hum can be used for communication with other members of the social group, but others are skeptical because of the dearth of research on giraffe noises. According to Baotic et al., the anatomy of the animal suggests that they may be making deliberate and specific noises (2019).<\/td>\r\nBaotic et al. (2019) conducted a study on giraffe hums in response to speculation that these noises are used deliberately for communication.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n\r\nThe video below highlights additional citations conventions worth noting that are demonstrated in the examples above (see Chapter 7<\/a> for more details on citing sources).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[video width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" mp4=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/In-Text-Citations.mp4\"][\/video]\r\n

Adaptation<\/h1>\r\nThis section has been adapted from Chapter Five: Summary and Response<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0EmpoWORD: A Student-Centered Anthology and Handbook for College Writers<\/a> by Shane Abrams, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n

References<\/h1>\r\nBaotic, A., Sicks, F. & Stoeger, A.S. (2015). Nocturnal \u2018Humming\u2019 Vocalizations: Adding a Piece of the Puzzle of Giraffe Vocal Communication. BioMed Central Research Notes Vol<\/em>. 8, no. 425. US National Library of Medicine. doi: 10.1186\/s13104-015-1394-3.","rendered":"

When to Direct Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize<\/h2>\n

Direct Quotes<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"illustration<\/a><\/p>\n

A direct quote might be most familiar to you\u2014using quotation marks (\u201c \u201d) to indicate the moments that you\u2019re borrowing, when you reproduce an author\u2019s words verbatim in your own writing. Use a direct quote if someone else wrote or said something in a distinctive or particular way and you want to capture their words exactly. Direct quotes are good for establishing credibility and providing evidence.<\/p>\n

Paraphrasing<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"Two<\/a><\/p>\n

Paraphrasing<\/a> is similar to the process of summary<\/a>. When we paraphrase, we process information or ideas from another person\u2019s text and put them in our own words. The main difference between paraphrase and summary is scope: if summarizing means rewording and condensing, then paraphrasing means rewording without drastically altering length. However, paraphrasing is also generally more faithful to the spirit of the original; whereas a summary requires you to process and invites your own perspective, a paraphrase ought to mirror back the original idea using your own language.<\/p>\n

Paraphrasing is helpful for establishing background knowledge or general consensus, simplifying a complicated idea, or reminding your reader of a certain part of another text. It is also valuable when relaying statistics or historical information, both of which are usually more fluidly woven into your writing when spoken with your own voice.<\/p>\n

Summary<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

Summary, as discussed earlier in this chapter, is useful for \u201cbroadstrokes\u201d or quick overviews, brief references, and describing the state of knowledge. When you summarize, you reword and condense another author\u2019s writing. Be aware, though, that summary also requires individual thought: when you reword, it should be a result of you processing the idea yourself, and when you condense, you must think critically about which parts of the text are most important.<\/p>\n

Below, you can see three examples of these three tools. Consider how the direct quote, the paraphrase, and the summary each could be used to achieve different purposes.<\/p>\n

Original Passage<\/strong><\/p>\n

“It has been suggested (again rather anecdotally) that giraffes do communicate using infrasonic vocalizations (the signals are verbally described to be similar\u2014in structure and function\u2014to the low-frequency, infrasonic \u201crumbles\u201d of elephants). It was further speculated that the extensive frontal sinus of giraffes acts as a resonance chamber for infrasound production. Moreover, particular neck movements (e.g. the neck stretch) are suggested to be associated with the production of infrasonic vocalizations” <\/em>(Baotic et al., 2015)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Quote<\/strong><\/td>\nParaphrase<\/strong><\/td>\nSummary<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Some zoological experts have pointed out that the evidence for giraffe hums has been \u201crather anecdotally\u201d reported (Baotic et al., 2019, p. 3). However, some scientists have \u201cspeculated that the extensive frontal sinus of giraffes acts as a resonance chamber for infrasound production\u201d (Baotic et al., 2019, p. 3).<\/td>\nGiraffes emit a low-pitch noise; some scientists believe that this hum can be used for communication with other members of the social group, but others are skeptical because of the dearth of research on giraffe noises. According to Baotic et al., the anatomy of the animal suggests that they may be making deliberate and specific noises (2019).<\/td>\nBaotic et al. (2019) conducted a study on giraffe hums in response to speculation that these noises are used deliberately for communication.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

The video below highlights additional citations conventions worth noting that are demonstrated in the examples above (see Chapter 7<\/a> for more details on citing sources).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/In-Text-Citations.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

Adaptation<\/h1>\n

This section has been adapted from Chapter Five: Summary and Response<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0EmpoWORD: A Student-Centered Anthology and Handbook for College Writers<\/a> by Shane Abrams, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n

References<\/h1>\n

Baotic, A., Sicks, F. & Stoeger, A.S. (2015). Nocturnal \u2018Humming\u2019 Vocalizations: Adding a Piece of the Puzzle of Giraffe Vocal Communication. BioMed Central Research Notes Vol<\/em>. 8, no. 425. US National Library of Medicine. doi: 10.1186\/s13104-015-1394-3.<\/p>\n

Media Attributions<\/h2>