{"id":374,"date":"2022-03-15T03:14:35","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T07:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=374"},"modified":"2023-11-30T11:26:07","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T16:26:07","slug":"where-you-get-the-components","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/chapter\/where-you-get-the-components\/","title":{"raw":"Where You Get the Components","rendered":"Where You Get the Components"},"content":{"raw":"This section will help you figure out where to get the components for your research argument.\r\n\r\nHere, again, are the components we\u2019ll cover:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your research question<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your claim or thesis<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">One or more reasons for your thesis<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Evidence for each reason<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Others\u2019 objections, counterarguments, or alternative solutions<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your acknowledgment of others\u2019 objections, counterarguments, or alternative solutions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your response to others\u2019 objections, counterarguments, or alternative solutions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Your Research Question<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1278 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-300x300.png\" alt=\"Icon of a piece of paper with grey lines of text and a pencil positioned on an angle at the bottom right corner of the page on the last line of text. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nYou learned how to develop research questions in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=102&amp;action=edit\">Chapter Three<\/a>. Though vitally important, research questions are often not stated in essays or term papers but are usually stated in reports of original studies, such as theses, dissertations, and journal articles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nResearch Question for student research proposal:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">How might we address the barriers to <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">the successful implementation of assisted tree migration to preserve the genetic diversity of<\/span><br class=\"textLayer--absolute\" role=\"presentation\" \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">North American forests in the face of climate change?<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Your Claim or Thesis<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280.png\"><img class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1276 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-1024x614.png\" alt=\"Illustration of an open notebook with grey lines of text\" width=\"1024\" height=\"614\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nYou write the claim or thesis\u2013it doesn\u2019t come directly from a source. Instead, it is the conclusion you come to in answer to your question after you\u2019ve listened to read\/engaged with some sources. So it is a statement, not a question or a hypothesis that you plan to prove or disprove with your research.\r\n\r\nAfter you\u2019ve read\/listened to\/viewed more sources, you may need to change your thesis. That happens all the time\u2013not because you did anything wrong but because you learned more. Check out <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/part\/process-craft-synthesis-drafting\/\">Chapter 10<\/a>\u00a0to learn more about composing a main claim or thesis statement.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nMain claim (or thesis) from a student research paper:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">In order to address the impacts of climate change, assisted migration efforts must maximize the chances that transported tree populations will thrive <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">in new ecosystems by carefully considering the characteristics of the target species and recipient <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>One or More Reasons<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1282 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-217x300.png\" alt=\"Icon of a clipboard with three groups of two lines of grey text and a green checkmark next to each group. \" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nYou write what you believe makes your claim or thesis (the answer to your research question) true. That\u2019s your reason or reasons. Each reason is a summary statement of evidence you found in your research. How many reasons you need depends on how complex your thesis and subject matter are, what you found in your sources, and the scope of your research paper (length guidelines). It\u2019s always a good idea to write your reasons in a way that is appropriate and persuasive for your audience and follows the conventions of the scholarly genre.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nReason in the same student research paper:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Adaptive genetic <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">variation and responses to environmental change vary among species. This is why a <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">case-by-case evaluation of opportunities and <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">risks should be employed for each tree species before migration occurs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Evidence for Each Reason<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-scaled.jpg\"><img class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1273\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"magnifying glass hovering in the air\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nYou write this also. This is the evidence you summarized earlier as each reason your thesis is true. You will be directly quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing your sources to make the case that your answer to your research question is correct, or at least reasonable. Circle back to <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=763&amp;action=edit\">Chapter 6<\/a> for a review of quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nEvidence for each reasons:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>A study by Grey et. al (2011) examined the of suitability of aspen for assisted migration in western Canada according to two criteria: the <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">population must be in a region that <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">experiences climate change effects, and these effects must negatively impact the growth of the <\/span><br class=\"textLayer--absolute\" role=\"presentation\" \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">species. <\/span>This study can be used as a framework for assessing the suitability of\u00a0 other tree species for assisted migration.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280.png\"><img class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1288\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-300x284.png\" alt=\"Four post-it notes posted onto a wall with pushpins.\" width=\"600\" height=\"569\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nDo any of your sources not agree with your thesis? You\u2019ll have to bring those up in your paper. In addition, put yourself in your readers\u2019 shoes. What might they not find logical in your argument? In other words, which reason(s) and corresponding evidence might they find lacking? Did you find clues to what these could be in your sources? Or maybe you can imagine them thinking some aspect of what you think is evidence doesn\u2019t make sense.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n\u00a0Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions in student research paper:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Introduced species could become <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">invasive, or they could introduce unwanted pests (Handler et al., 2018).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Your Acknowledgement of Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280.png\"><img class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1298\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Two overlapping speech bubbles. The one on the left, placed in front of the other, has three dots placed in the bottom half of the bubble.\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nWhat will you write to bring up each of those objections, counterarguments, and alternative solutions? Some examples:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>I can imagine skeptics wanting to point out\u2026<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Perhaps some readers would say\u2026<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I think those who come from XYZ would differ with me\u2026<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIt all depends on what objections, counterarguments, and alternative solutions your audience or your imagination come up with.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Examples<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nAcknowledgement of Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions in Research Papers:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>Opponents of assisted migration raise the issue that<\/strong> introduced species could become <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">invasive, or that they could introduce unwanted pests...<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Response to Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions<\/h3>\r\n<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280.png\"><img class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1296\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Icon of a microphone in a stand\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nYou must write your response to each objection, counterargument, or alternative solution brought up or that you\u2019ve thought of. (You\u2019re likely to have found clues for what to say in your sources.) The reason you have to include this is that you can\u2019t very easily convince your audience until you show them how your claim stacks up against the opinions and reasoning of other people who don\u2019t at the moment agree with you.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nResponse to Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions in student research paper:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">These are certainly <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">consequential risks, but I argue that the cost of inaction is much greater. In addition to the loss of <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">genetic diversity from the extinction of a tree species, entire ecosystems can suffer as a result of <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">an extinction. The previously-described whitebark pine has seeds that provide a crucial food <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">source for grizzly bears (McLane &amp; Aitken, 2012). Allowing this tree to succumb to climate <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">change for fear of impacting native species in recipient forests would disregard the vital <\/span><br class=\"textLayer--absolute\" role=\"presentation\" \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ecosystem role it plays. <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>References<\/h1>\r\n<span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Gray, L. K., Gylander, T., Mbogga, M. S., Chen, P., &amp; Hamann, A. (2011). Assisted migration to <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">address climate change: recommendations for aspen reforestation in western Canada. <\/span><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ecological Applications<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">, <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">21<\/span><\/em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">(5), 1591\u20131603. <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23023103.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Handler, S., Pike, C., &amp; St. Clair, B. (2018). <\/span><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Assisted Migration<\/span><\/em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">. USDA Forest Service Climate <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Change Resource Center. <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/ccrc\/topics\/assisted-migration.<\/span>\r\n<h1>Adaptations<\/h1>\r\nThis section has been adapted from <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/where-you-get-the-components\/\">Where You Get the Components<\/a> in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research<\/a> by Teaching &amp; Learning, Ohio State University Libraries, licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.","rendered":"<p>This section will help you figure out where to get the components for your research argument.<\/p>\n<p>Here, again, are the components we\u2019ll cover:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your research question<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your claim or thesis<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">One or more reasons for your thesis<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Evidence for each reason<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Others\u2019 objections, counterarguments, or alternative solutions<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your acknowledgment of others\u2019 objections, counterarguments, or alternative solutions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your response to others\u2019 objections, counterarguments, or alternative solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Your Research Question<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1278 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-300x300.png\" alt=\"Icon of a piece of paper with grey lines of text and a pencil positioned on an angle at the bottom right corner of the page on the last line of text.\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-65x65.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-225x225.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280-350x350.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/flat-2126884_1280.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You learned how to develop research questions in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=102&amp;action=edit\">Chapter Three<\/a>. Though vitally important, research questions are often not stated in essays or term papers but are usually stated in reports of original studies, such as theses, dissertations, and journal articles.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Research Question for student research proposal:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">How might we address the barriers to <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">the successful implementation of assisted tree migration to preserve the genetic diversity of<\/span><br class=\"textLayer--absolute\" role=\"presentation\" \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">North American forests in the face of climate change?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Your Claim or Thesis<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1276 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-1024x614.png\" alt=\"Illustration of an open notebook with grey lines of text\" width=\"1024\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-65x39.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-225x135.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280-350x210.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/desk-1717161_1280.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You write the claim or thesis\u2013it doesn\u2019t come directly from a source. Instead, it is the conclusion you come to in answer to your question after you\u2019ve listened to read\/engaged with some sources. So it is a statement, not a question or a hypothesis that you plan to prove or disprove with your research.<\/p>\n<p>After you\u2019ve read\/listened to\/viewed more sources, you may need to change your thesis. That happens all the time\u2013not because you did anything wrong but because you learned more. Check out <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/part\/process-craft-synthesis-drafting\/\">Chapter 10<\/a>\u00a0to learn more about composing a main claim or thesis statement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Main claim (or thesis) from a student research paper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">In order to address the impacts of climate change, assisted migration efforts must maximize the chances that transported tree populations will thrive <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">in new ecosystems by carefully considering the characteristics of the target species and recipient <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>One or More Reasons<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1282 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-217x300.png\" alt=\"Icon of a clipboard with three groups of two lines of grey text and a green checkmark next to each group.\" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-217x300.png 217w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-740x1024.png 740w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-768x1063.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-65x90.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-225x311.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280-350x484.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/clipboard-3590228_1280.png 925w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You write what you believe makes your claim or thesis (the answer to your research question) true. That\u2019s your reason or reasons. Each reason is a summary statement of evidence you found in your research. How many reasons you need depends on how complex your thesis and subject matter are, what you found in your sources, and the scope of your research paper (length guidelines). It\u2019s always a good idea to write your reasons in a way that is appropriate and persuasive for your audience and follows the conventions of the scholarly genre.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Reason in the same student research paper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Adaptive genetic <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">variation and responses to environmental change vary among species. This is why a <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">case-by-case evaluation of opportunities and <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">risks should be employed for each tree species before migration occurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Evidence for Each Reason<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1273\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"magnifying glass hovering in the air\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/magnifying-glass-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You write this also. This is the evidence you summarized earlier as each reason your thesis is true. You will be directly quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing your sources to make the case that your answer to your research question is correct, or at least reasonable. Circle back to <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=763&amp;action=edit\">Chapter 6<\/a> for a review of quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Evidence for each reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A study by Grey et. al (2011) examined the of suitability of aspen for assisted migration in western Canada according to two criteria: the <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">population must be in a region that <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">experiences climate change effects, and these effects must negatively impact the growth of the <\/span><br class=\"textLayer--absolute\" role=\"presentation\" \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">species. <\/span>This study can be used as a framework for assessing the suitability of\u00a0 other tree species for assisted migration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1288\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-300x284.png\" alt=\"Four post-it notes posted onto a wall with pushpins.\" width=\"600\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-300x284.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-768x728.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-65x62.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-225x213.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280-350x332.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/post-it-2631962_1280.png 898w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Do any of your sources not agree with your thesis? You\u2019ll have to bring those up in your paper. In addition, put yourself in your readers\u2019 shoes. What might they not find logical in your argument? In other words, which reason(s) and corresponding evidence might they find lacking? Did you find clues to what these could be in your sources? Or maybe you can imagine them thinking some aspect of what you think is evidence doesn\u2019t make sense.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>\u00a0Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions in student research paper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Introduced species could become <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">invasive, or they could introduce unwanted pests (Handler et al., 2018).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Your Acknowledgement of Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1298\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Two overlapping speech bubbles. The one on the left, placed in front of the other, has three dots placed in the bottom half of the bubble.\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-65x65.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-225x225.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280-350x350.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/chat-2389223_1280.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>What will you write to bring up each of those objections, counterarguments, and alternative solutions? Some examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I can imagine skeptics wanting to point out\u2026<\/li>\n<li>Perhaps some readers would say\u2026<\/li>\n<li>I think those who come from XYZ would differ with me\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It all depends on what objections, counterarguments, and alternative solutions your audience or your imagination come up with.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Examples<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Acknowledgement of Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions in Research Papers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><strong>Opponents of assisted migration raise the issue that<\/strong> introduced species could become <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">invasive, or that they could introduce unwanted pests&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Response to Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"chapterimage aligncenter wp-image-1296\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Icon of a microphone in a stand\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-65x65.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-225x225.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280-350x350.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/writingplace\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1608\/2022\/03\/microphone-1674903_1280.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You must write your response to each objection, counterargument, or alternative solution brought up or that you\u2019ve thought of. (You\u2019re likely to have found clues for what to say in your sources.) The reason you have to include this is that you can\u2019t very easily convince your audience until you show them how your claim stacks up against the opinions and reasoning of other people who don\u2019t at the moment agree with you.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Student Example<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Response to Others\u2019 Objections, Counterarguments, or Alternative Solutions in student research paper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">These are certainly <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">consequential risks, but I argue that the cost of inaction is much greater. In addition to the loss of <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">genetic diversity from the extinction of a tree species, entire ecosystems can suffer as a result of <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">an extinction. The previously-described whitebark pine has seeds that provide a crucial food <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">source for grizzly bears (McLane &amp; Aitken, 2012). Allowing this tree to succumb to climate <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">change for fear of impacting native species in recipient forests would disregard the vital <\/span><br class=\"textLayer--absolute\" role=\"presentation\" \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ecosystem role it plays. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>References<\/h1>\n<p><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Gray, L. K., Gylander, T., Mbogga, M. S., Chen, P., &amp; Hamann, A. (2011). Assisted migration to <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">address climate change: recommendations for aspen reforestation in western Canada. <\/span><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Ecological Applications<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">, <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">21<\/span><\/em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">(5), 1591\u20131603. <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23023103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Handler, S., Pike, C., &amp; St. Clair, B. (2018). <\/span><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Assisted Migration<\/span><\/em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">. USDA Forest Service Climate <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Change Resource Center. <\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\" dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/ccrc\/topics\/assisted-migration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Adaptations<\/h1>\n<p>This section has been adapted from <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/where-you-get-the-components\/\">Where You Get the Components<\/a> in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research<\/a> by Teaching &amp; Learning, Ohio State University Libraries, licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"media-attributions clear\" prefix:cc=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/ns#\" prefix:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\"><h2>Media Attributions<\/h2><ul><li about=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/vectors\/flat-design-symbol-icon-www-2126884\/\"><a rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/vectors\/flat-design-symbol-icon-www-2126884\/\" property=\"dc:title\">flat-2126884_1280<\/a>  &copy; 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