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99 Sprains and Strains

Zoë Soon

  • Definition of Sprains and Strains:
    • Sprain: Ligament tear, often in joints.
    • Strain: Muscle or tendon tear or stretch.
  • Common Locations:
    • Sprains: Knees, elbows, wrists, ankles.
    • Strains: Hands, feet, knees, biceps, triceps, quadriceps, ankles, Achilles heel.
  • Severity Levels:
    • First degree: Mild, stretching of fibers.
    • Second degree: Moderate, tearing of fibers.
    • Third degree: Severe, complete tear.
  • Healing Process:
    • Inflammation, white blood cells, angiogenesis, collagen production, scar tissue formation.
  • Recovery Time:
    • 6 to 8 weeks for more complete healing.
  • Signs and Symptoms:
    • Pain, swelling, dislocation, weakness, decreased mobility.
  • Risk Factors:
    • Sports, overweight, age-related decrease in collagen elasticity.
  • Diagnosis:
    • MRI imaging.
  • Prevention:
    • Proper warm-up, gradual activity increase, avoid overuse or over-training.
  • Treatment:
    • PRICE (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) for first 48 to 72 hours, alternate heat and cold, compression bracing, rehabilitation exercises focused on range of motion and stretching.
  • Occupational Therapy:
    • Identify ergonomic issues in the workplace to prevent re-injury.
  • Medication:
    • Anti-inflammatories for pain and swelling.
  • Pain due to micro-tears in tendon, bleeding, inflammation
  • Signs and symptoms: pain on movement
  • Treatment: RICE, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, massage, rest
  • Treatment: RICE, fluid aspiration, antibiotics for infection
  • PRICE (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) can help manage symptoms and prevent excessive scar tissue formation.
  • Arthroscopy allows surgeons to view and repair joint injuries, such as ligament tears or meniscus tears.
  • Viewing scope and surgical instruments for repairing damaged tissue
  • Arthography: X-ray or CT scan to view joint damage
  • Radio-dense dye (iodine) for X-ray, MRI contrast medium for MRI
  • Prevention: proper warm-up, technique, equipment, gradual activity increase

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