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Confidence Intervals

The Flaw of Averages

Learning Objectives

In this section, look at an applied example where more than averages are needed to describe the data and speak of the flaw of averages concept.

In the previous section, we were attempting to forecast monthly demand for an emergency medical device that varies over time.

Time series chart of monthly demand for the EpiPen three hundred micro gram pen. The chart has large fluctuations over time.
Figure 49.1 Simulated EpiPen 300μg Demand

In this case, we have very little control over the variation in monthly demand and there is no ‘quality control’ measures that can be performed to reduce this variation. The only way we could have reduced the variation in the sample averages was to take a very large sample size (~24,000 pens)! The key in an example like this is to realize several things:

  1. Averages and standard deviations only make up part of the description of this type of data set
  2. Analyzing the fluctuations that occur over time can be very informative also
  3. Capturing/recording what can be controlled in these types of examples can be helpful.

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An Introduction to Business Statistics for Analytics (1st Edition) Copyright © 2024 by Amy Goldlist; Charles Chan; Leslie Major; Michael Johnson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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