Frequency Distributions and Visualizing Data

Percentiles, Quartiles and Five Number Summaries

 Learning Objectives

Calculate and understand percentiles, quartiles and five number summaries

Percentiles:

  • The value such that a specified percent of the data is below that value
  • Example: If the 80% percentile (P80) = 179, then 80% of the data is below 179.
  • We will use = PERCENTILE.INC(arrayk) in Excel to determine these values

Quartiles:

  • The data can be ‘split’ into four quarters
  • Q1 is the value such that 25% of the data is below this value (=P25)
  • Q2 is the value such that 50% of the data is below this value (=P50)
  • Note: Q2 is also the median
  • Q3 is the value such that 75% of the data is below this value (=P75)
  • We will use = QUARTILE.INC(array, quart) in Excel to determine the quartiles

Five Number Summaries

Data can be ‘summarized’ by its five number summary. This summary is used to determine the shape of the data and generate boxplots.

  1. Minimum (min) – the minimum value in the data
  2. First quartile (Q1) – the first quartile value
  3. Median (Q2) – the second quartile value
  4. Third quartile (Q3) – the third quartile value
  5. Maximum – the maximum value in the data

Generating the five number summary in Excel (video)

Example 11.1.1

Problem Setup: Again, we are working with the 30 students’ heights from BCIT (click here to download as Excel sheet) and see the table of values below. We want to create the five number summary for their heights:

173 153 172 191 173 167 156 169 175 169
159 163 177 155 152 178 172 188 152 171
174 183 192 151 159 184 170 186 155 156

Question: What is the five number summary for the above students’ heights?

Solution: Click here to view the solutions (five number summary) shown in the above video:

Key Takeaways (EXERCISE)

Key Takeaways: Percentiles, Quartiles and Five Number Summaries

Your Own Notes (EXERCISE)

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An Introduction to Business Statistics for Analytics (1st Edition) Copyright © 2024 by Amy Goldlist; Charles Chan; Leslie Major; Michael Johnson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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