1.3 Evaluate, Simplify, and Translate Expressions

Izabela Mazur

CHAPTER 1 Whole Numbers, Integers, and Introduction to Algebra

1.3 Evaluate, Simplify, and Translate Expressions

Learning Objectives

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

Evaluate algebraic expressions
Identify terms, coefficients, and like terms
Simplify expressions by combining like terms
Translate word phrases to algebraic expressions

In the last section, we simplified expressions using the order of operations. In this section, we’ll evaluate expressions—again following the order of operations.

To evaluate an algebraic expression means to find the value of the expression when the variable is replaced by a given number. To evaluate an expression, we substitute the given number for the variable in the expression and then simplify the expression using the order of operations.

EXAMPLE 1

Evaluate $x+7$ when

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=3$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=12$

Solution

a. To evaluate, substitute $3$ for $x$ in the expression, and then simplify.


Substitute.
Add.

When $x=3$ , the expression $x+7$ has a value of $10$ .

b. To evaluate, substitute $12$ for $x$ in the expression, and then simplify.


Substitute.
Add.

When $x=12$ , the expression $x+7$ has a value of $19$ .

Notice that we got different results for parts a) and b) even though we started with the same expression. This is because the values used for $x$ were different. When we evaluate an expression, the value varies depending on the value used for the variable.

TRY IT 1.1

Evaluate:

$y+4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=15$

Show Answer

10
19

TRY IT 1.2

Evaluate:

$a-5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}a=9\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}a=17$

Show Answer

4
12

EXAMPLE 2

Evaluate $9x-2,\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=1$

Solution

Remember $ab$ means $a$ times $b$ , so $9x$ means $9$ times $x$ .

a. To evaluate the expression when $x=5$ , we substitute $5$ for $x$ , and then simplify.



Multiply.
Subtract.

b. To evaluate the expression when $x=1$ , we substitute $1$ for $x$ , and then simplify.



Multiply.
Subtract.

Notice that in part a) that we wrote $9\cdot 5$ and in part b) we wrote $9\left(1\right)$ . Both the dot and the parentheses tell us to multiply.

TRY IT 2.1

Evaluate:

$8x-3,\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=1$

Show Answer

13
5

TRY IT 2.2

Evaluate:

$4y-4,\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=3\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=5$

Show Answer

8
16

EXAMPLE 3

Evaluate ${x}^{2}$ when $x=10$ .

Solution

We substitute $10$ for $x$ , and then simplify the expression.



Use the definition of exponent.
Multiply.

When $x=10$ , the expression ${x}^{2}$ has a value of $100$ .

TRY IT 3.1

Evaluate:

${x}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=8$ .

Show Answer

64

TRY IT 3.2

Evaluate:

${x}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=6$ .

Show Answer

216

EXAMPLE 4

$\text{Evaluate}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{2}^{x}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=5$ .

Solution

In this expression, the variable is an exponent.



Use the definition of exponent.
Multiply.

When $x=5$ , the expression ${2}^{x}$ has a value of $32$ .

TRY IT 4.1

Evaluate:

${2}^{x}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=6$ .

Show Answer

64

TRY IT 4.2

Evaluate:

${3}^{x}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=4$ .

Show Answer

81

EXAMPLE 5

$\text{Evaluate}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3x+4y-6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=10\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=2$ .

Solution

This expression contains two variables, so we must make two substitutions.



Multiply.
Add and subtract left to right.

When $x=10$ and $y=2$ , the expression $3x+4y-6$ has a value of $32$ .

TRY IT 5.1

Evaluate:

$2x+5y-4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=11\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=3$

Show Answer

33

TRY IT 5.2

Evaluate:

$5x-2y-9\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=7\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y=8$

Show Answer

10

EXAMPLE 6

$\text{Evaluate}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{x}^{2}+3x+8\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=4$ .

Solution

We need to be careful when an expression has a variable with an exponent. In this expression, $2{x}^{2}$ means $2\cdot x\cdot x$ and is different from the expression ${\left(2x\right)}^{2}$ , which means $2x\cdot 2x$ .



Simplify ${4}^{2}$ .
Multiply.
Add.

TRY IT 6.1

Evaluate:

$3{x}^{2}+4x+1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=3$ .

Show Answer

40

TRY IT 6.2

Evaluate:

$6{x}^{2}-4x-7\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=2$ .

Show Answer

9

Algebraic expressions are made up of terms. A term is a constant or the product of a constant and one or more variables. Some examples of terms are $7,y,5{x}^{2},9a,\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}13xy$ .

The constant that multiplies the variable(s) in a term is called the coefficient. We can think of the coefficient as the number in front of the variable. The coefficient of the term $3x$ is $3$ . When we write $x$ , the coefficient is $1$ , since $x=1\cdot x$ . The table below gives the coefficients for each of the terms in the left column.

Term	Coefficient
$7$	$7$
$9a$	$9$
$y$	$1$
$5{x}^{2}$	$5$

An algebraic expression may consist of one or more terms added or subtracted. In this chapter, we will only work with terms that are added together. The table below gives some examples of algebraic expressions with various numbers of terms. Notice that we include the operation before a term with it.

Expression	Terms
$7$	$7$
$y$	$y$
$x+7$	$x,7$
$2x+7y+4$	$2x,7y,4$
$3{x}^{2}+4{x}^{2}+5y+3$	$3{x}^{2},4{x}^{2},5y,3$

EXAMPLE 7

Identify each term in the expression $9b+15{x}^{2}+a+6$ . Then identify the coefficient of each term.

Solution

The expression has four terms. They are $9b,15{x}^{2},a$ , and $6$ .

The coefficient of $9b$ is $9$ .

The coefficient of $15{x}^{2}$ is $15$ .

Remember that if no number is written before a variable, the coefficient is $1$ . So the coefficient of $a$ is $1$ .

The coefficient of a constant is the constant, so the coefficient of $6$ is $6$ .

TRY IT 7.1

Identify all terms in the given expression, and their coefficients:

$4x+3b+2$

Show Answer

The terms are 4x, 3b, and 2. The coefficients are 4, 3, and 2

TRY IT 7.2

Identify all terms in the given expression, and their coefficients:

$9a+13{a}^{2}+{a}^{3}$

Show Answer

The terms are 9a, 13a², and a³, The coefficients are 9, 13, and 1

Some terms share common traits. Look at the following terms. Which ones seem to have traits in common?

$5x,7,{n}^{2},4,3x,9{n}^{2}$

Which of these terms are like terms?

The terms $7$ and $4$ are both constant terms.
The terms $5x$ and $3x$ are both terms with $x$ .
The terms ${n}^{2}$ and $9{n}^{2}$ both have ${n}^{2}$ .

Terms are called like terms if they have the same variables and exponents. All constant terms are also like terms. So among the terms $5x,7,{n}^{2},4,3x,9{n}^{2}$ ,

$7\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{are like terms.}$

$5x\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3x\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{are like terms.}$

${n}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}9{n}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{are like terms.}$

Like Terms

Terms that are either constants or have the same variables with the same exponents are like terms.

EXAMPLE 8

Identify the like terms:

$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{y}^{3},7{x}^{2},14,23,4{y}^{3},9x,5{x}^{2}$
$\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4{x}^{2}+2x+5{x}^{2}+6x+40x+8xy$

Solution

a. $\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{y}^{3},7{x}^{2},14,23,4{y}^{3},9x,5{x}^{2}$

Look at the variables and exponents. The expression contains ${y}^{3},{x}^{2},x$ , and constants.

The terms ${y}^{3}$ and $4{y}^{3}$ are like terms because they both have ${y}^{3}$ .

The terms $7{x}^{2}$ and $5{x}^{2}$ are like terms because they both have ${x}^{2}$ .

The terms $14$ and $23$ are like terms because they are both constants.

The term $9x$ does not have any like terms in this list since no other terms have the variable $x$ raised to the power of $1$ .

b. $\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4{x}^{2}+2x+5{x}^{2}+6x+40x+8xy$

Look at the variables and exponents. The expression contains the terms $4{x}^{2},2x,5{x}^{2},6x,40x,\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}8xy$

The terms $4{x}^{2}$ and $5{x}^{2}$ are like terms because they both have ${x}^{2}$ .

The terms $2x,6x,\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}40x$ are like terms because they all have $x$ .

The term $8xy$ has no like terms in the given expression because no other terms contain the two variables $xy$ .

TRY IT 8.1

Identify the like terms in the list or the expression:

$9,2{x}^{3},{y}^{2},8{x}^{3},15,9y,11{y}^{2}$

Show Answer

9, 15; 2x³ and 8x³, y², and 11y²

TRY IT 8.2

Identify the like terms in the list or the expression:

$4{x}^{3}+8{x}^{2}+19+3{x}^{2}+24+6{x}^{3}$

Show Answer

4x³ and 6x³; 8x² and 3x²; 19 and 24

In the previous section, we listed many operation symbols that are used in algebra, and then we translated expressions and equations into word phrases and sentences. Now we’ll reverse the process and translate word phrases into algebraic expressions. The symbols and variables we’ve talked about will help us do that. They are summarized in the table below.

Operation

Phrase

Expression

Addition

$a$ plus $b$
the sum of $a$ and $b$
$a$ increased by $b$
$b$ more than $a$
the total of $a$ and $b$
$b$ added to $a$

$a+b$

Subtraction

$a$ minus $b$
the difference of $a$ and $b$
$b$ subtracted from $a$
$a$ decreased by $b$
$b$ less than $a$

$a-b$

Multiplication

$a$ times $b$
the product of $a$ and $b$

$a\cdot b$ , $ab$ , $a\left(b\right)$ , $\left(a\right)\left(b\right)$

Division

$a$ divided by $b$
the quotient of $a$ and $b$
the ratio of $a$ and $b$
$b$ divided into $a$

$a \div b$ , $a/b$ , $\frac{a}{b}$ , $b\overline{)a}$

Look closely at these phrases using the four operations:

the sum of $a$ and $b$
the difference of $a$ and $b$
the product of $a$ and $b$
the quotient of $a$ and $b$

Each phrase tells you to operate on two numbers. Look for the words of and and to find the numbers.

EXAMPLE 11

Translate each word phrase into an algebraic expression:

the difference of $20$ and $4$
the quotient of $10x$ and $3$

Solution

a. The key word is difference, which tells us the operation is subtraction. Look for the words of and and to find the numbers to subtract.

$\begin{array}{cccc}\\ \text{the difference}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{of}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}20\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}and\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4\hfill \\ 20\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{minus}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4\hfill \\ 20-4\hfill \end{array}$

b. The key word is quotient, which tells us the operation is division.

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\\ \text{the quotient of}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}10x\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3\hfill \\ \text{divide}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}10x\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{by}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3\hfill \\ 10x\div 3\hfill \end{array}$

This can also be written as $\begin{array}{l}10x/3\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{or}\phantom{\rule{0.4em}{0ex}}\frac{10x}{3}\hfill \end{array}$

TRY IT 11.1

Translate the given word phrase into an algebraic expression:

the difference of $47$ and $41$
the quotient of $5x$ and $2$

Show Answer

47 − 41
5x ÷ 2

TRY IT 11.2

Translate the given word phrase into an algebraic expression:

the sum of $17$ and $19$
the product of $7$ and $x$

Show Answer

17 + 19
7x

How old will you be in eight years? What age is eight more years than your age now? Did you add $8$ to your present age? Eight more than means eight added to your present age.

How old were you seven years ago? This is seven years less than your age now. You subtract $7$ from your present age. Seven less than means seven subtracted from your present age.

EXAMPLE 12

Translate each word phrase into an algebraic expression:

Eight more than $y$
Seven less than $9z$

Solution

a. The key words are more than. They tell us the operation is addition. More than means “added to”.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Eight more than}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y\\ \text{Eight added to}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}y\\ y+8\end{array}$

b. The key words are less than. They tell us the operation is subtraction. Less than means “subtracted from”.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Seven less than}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}9z\\ \text{Seven subtracted from}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}9z\\ 9z-7\end{array}$

TRY IT 12.1

Translate each word phrase into an algebraic expression:

Eleven more than $x$
Fourteen less than $11a$

Show Answer

x + 11
11a − 14

TRY IT 12.2

Translate each word phrase into an algebraic expression:

$19$ more than $j$
$21$ less than $2x$

Show Answer

j + 19
2x − 21

EXAMPLE 13

Translate each word phrase into an algebraic expression:

five times the sum of $m$ and $n$
the sum of five times $m$ and $n$

Solution

a. There are two operation words: times tells us to multiply and sum tells us to add. Because we are multiplying $5$ times the sum, we need parentheses around the sum of $m$ and $n$ .

five times the sum of $m$ and $n$
$\begin{array}{cccc}\\ \\ \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}5\left(m+n\right)\hfill \end{array}$

b. To take a sum, we look for the words of and and to see what is being added. Here we are taking the sum of five times $m$ and $n$ .

the sum of five times $m$ and $n$
$\begin{array}{ccccc}\\ \\ \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}5m+n\hfill \end{array}$

Notice how the use of parentheses changes the result. In part a), we add first and in part b), we multiply first.

TRY IT 13.1

Translate the word phrase into an algebraic expression:

four times the sum of $p$ and $q$
the sum of four times $p$ and $q$

Show Answer

4(p + q)
4p + q

TRY IT 13.2

Translate the word phrase into an algebraic expression:

the difference of two times $x\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and 8}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}$
two times the difference of $x\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}8$

Show Answer

2x − 8
2(x − 8)

Later in this course, we’ll apply our skills in algebra to solving equations. We’ll usually start by translating a word phrase to an algebraic expression. We’ll need to be clear about what the expression will represent. We’ll see how to do this in the next two examples.

EXAMPLE 14

The height of a rectangular window is $6$ inches less than the width. Let $w$ represent the width of the window. Write an expression for the height of the window.

Solution

Write a phrase about the height.	$6$ less than the width
Substitute $w$ for the width.	$6$ less than $w$
Rewrite ‘less than’ as ‘subtracted from’.	$6$ subtracted from $w$
Translate the phrase into algebra.	$w-6$

TRY IT 14.1

The length of a rectangle is $5$ inches less than the width. Let $w$ represent the width of the rectangle. Write an expression for the length of the rectangle.

Show Answer

w − 5

TRY IT 14.2

The width of a rectangle is $2$ metres greater than the length. Let $l$ represent the length of the rectangle. Write an expression for the width of the rectangle.

Show Answer

l + 2

EXAMPLE 15

Blanca has dimes and quarters in her purse. The number of dimes is $2$ less than $5$ times the number of quarters. Let $q$ represent the number of quarters. Write an expression for the number of dimes.

Solution

Write a phrase about the number of dimes.	two less than five times the number of quarters
Substitute $q$ for the number of quarters.	$2$ less than five times $q$
Translate $5$ times $q$ .	$2$ less than $5q$
Translate the phrase into algebra.	$5q-2$

TRY IT 15.1

Geoffrey has dimes and quarters in his pocket. The number of dimes is seven less than six times the number of quarters. Let $q$ represent the number of quarters. Write an expression for the number of dimes.

Show Answer

6q − 7

TRY IT 15.2

Lauren has dimes and nickels in her purse. The number of dimes is eight more than four times the number of nickels. Let $n$ represent the number of nickels. Write an expression for the number of dimes.

Show Answer

4n + 8

ACCESS ADDITIONAL ONLINE RESOURCES

Algebraic Expression Vocabulary

Evaluate Algebraic Expressions

In the following exercises, evaluate the expression for the given value.

1. $7x+8\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=2$	2. $9x+7\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=3$
3. $5x-4\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=6$	4. $8x-6\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=7$
5. ${x}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=12$	6. ${x}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=5$
7. ${x}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=2$	8. ${x}^{4}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=3$
9. ${3}^{x}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=3$	10. ${4}^{x}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=2$
11. ${x}^{2}+3x-7\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=4$	12. ${x}^{2}+5x-8\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=6$
13. $2x+4y-5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=7,y=8$	14. $6x+3y-9\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=6,y=9$
15. ${\left(x-y\right)}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=10,y=7$	16. ${\left(x+y\right)}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}x=6,y=9$
17. ${a}^{2}+{b}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}a=3,b=8$	18. ${r}^{2}-{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}r=12,s=5$
19. $2l+2w\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}l=15,w=12$	20. $2l+2w\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{when}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}l=18,w=14$

Identify Terms, Coefficients, and Like Terms

In the following exercises, list the terms in the given expression.

21. $15{x}^{2}+6x+2$	22. $11{x}^{2}+8x+5$
23. $10{y}^{3}+y+2$	24. $9{y}^{3}+y+5$

In the following exercises, identify the coefficient of the given term.

25. $8a$	26. $13m$
27. $5{r}^{2}$	28. $6{x}^{3}$

In the following exercises, identify all sets of like terms.

29. ${x}^{3},8x,14,8y,5,8{x}^{3}$	30. $6z,3{w}^{2},1,6{z}^{2},4z,{w}^{2}$
31. $9a,{a}^{2},16ab,16{b}^{2},4ab,9{b}^{2}$	32. $3,25{r}^{2},10s,10r,4{r}^{2},3s$

Simplify Expressions by Combining Like Terms

In the following exercises, simplify the given expression by combining like terms.

33. $10x+3x$	34. $15x+4x$
35. $17a+9a$	36. $18z+9z$
37. $4c+2c+c$	38. $6y+4y+y$
39. $9x+3x+8$	40. $8a+5a+9$
41. $7u+2+3u+1$	42. $8d+6+2d+5$
43. $7p+6+5p+4$	44. $8x+7+4x-5$
45. $10a+7+5a-2+7a-4$	46. $7c+4+6c-3+9c-1$
47. $3{x}^{2}+12x+11+14{x}^{2}+8x+5$	48. $5{b}^{2}+9b+10+2{b}^{2}+3b-4$

Translate English Phrases into Algebraic Expressions

In the following exercises, translate the given word phrase into an algebraic expression.

49. The sum of 8 and 12	50. The sum of 9 and 1
51. The difference of 14 and 9	52. 8 less than 19
53. The product of 9 and 7	54. The product of 8 and 7
55. The quotient of 36 and 9	56. The quotient of 42 and 7
57. The difference of $x$ and $4$	58. $3$ less than $x$
59. The product of $6$ and $y$	60. The product of $9$ and $y$
61. The sum of $8x$ and $3x$	62. The sum of $13x$ and $3x$
63. The quotient of $y$ and $3$	64. The quotient of $y$ and $8$
65. Eight times the difference of $y$ and nine	66. Seven times the difference of $y$ and one
67. Five times the sum of $x$ and $y$	68. times five less than twice $x$

In the following exercises, write an algebraic expression.

69. Adele bought a skirt and a blouse. The skirt cost $15 more than the blouse. Let $b$ represent the cost of the blouse. Write an expression for the cost of the skirt.	70. Eric has rock and classical CDs in his car. The number of rock CDs is $3$ more than the number of classical CDs. Let $c$ represent the number of classical CDs. Write an expression for the number of rock CDs.
71. The number of girls in a second-grade class is $4$ less than the number of boys. Let $b$ represent the number of boys. Write an expression for the number of girls.	72. Marcella has $6$ fewer male cousins than female cousins. Let $f$ represent the number of female cousins. Write an expression for the number of boy cousins.
73. Greg has nickels and pennies in his pocket. The number of pennies is seven less than twice the number of nickels. Let $n$ represent the number of nickels. Write an expression for the number of pennies.	74. Jeannette has $5 and $10 bills in her wallet. The number of fives is three more than six times the number of tens. Let $t$ represent the number of tens. Write an expression for the number of fives.

Everyday Math

In the following exercises, use algebraic expressions to solve the problem.

75. Car insurance Justin’s car insurance has a $750 deductible per incident. This means that he pays $750 and his insurance company will pay all costs beyond $750. If Justin files a claim for $2,100, how much will he pay, and how much will his insurance company pay?

76. Home insurance Pam and Armando’s home insurance has a $2,500 deductible per incident. This means that they pay $2,500 and their insurance company will pay all costs beyond $2,500. If Pam and Armando file a claim for $19,400, how much will they pay, and how much will their insurance company pay?

Writing Exercises

77. Explain why “the sum of x and y” is the same as “the sum of y and x,” but “the difference of x and y” is not the same as “the difference of y and x.” Try substituting two random numbers for $x$ and $y$ to help you explain.

78. Explain the difference between $\text{``4}$ times the sum of $x$ and $y\text{''}$ and “the sum of $4$ times $x$ and $y\text{.''}$

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Identify the like terms.
Rearrange the expression, so the like terms are together.
Add the coefficients of the like terms.
The original expression is simplified to…

1. 22	3. 26	5. 144
7. 32	9. 27	11. 21
13. 41	15. 9	17. 73
19. 54	21. 15x², 6x, 2	23. 10y³, y, 2
25. 8	27. 5	29. x³, 8x³ and 14, 5
31. 16ab and 4ab; 16b² and 9b²	33. 13x	35. 26a
37. 7c	39. 12x + 8	41. 10u + 3
43. 12p + 10	45. 22a + 1	47. 17x² + 20x + 16
49. 8 + 12	51. 14 − 9	53. 9 ⋅ 7
55. 36 ÷ 9	57. x − 4	59. 6y
61. 8x + 3x	63. $\frac{y}{3}$	65. 8 (y − 9)
67. 5 (x + y)	69. b + 15	71. b − 4
73. 2n − 7	75. He will pay $750. His insurance company will pay $1350.	77. Answers will vary.


Identify the like terms.
Rearrange the expression so like terms are together.
Add the coefficients of the like terms.

Evaluate Algebraic Expressions

Identify Terms, Coefficients, and Like Terms

Simplify Expressions by Combining Like Terms

Translate Words to Algebraic Expressions

Key Concepts

Glossary

Practice Makes Perfect

Evaluate Algebraic Expressions

Identify Terms, Coefficients, and Like Terms

Simplify Expressions by Combining Like Terms

Translate English Phrases into Algebraic Expressions

Everyday Math

Writing Exercises

Answers:

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