Appendix L: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Paul Flowers; Klaus Theopold; Richard Langley; William R. Robinson

Appendix L: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Half-Reaction	E° (V)
${\text{Ag}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}$	+0.7996
$\text{AgCl}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+{\text{Cl}}^{-}$	+0.22233
${\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+2{\text{CN}}^{-}$	−0.31
${\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{CrO}}_{4}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2\text{Ag}+{\text{CrO}}_{4}{}^{2-}$	+0.45
${\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+2{\text{NH}}_{3}$	+0.373
${\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{S}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+{\text{2S}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}{}^{2-}$	+0.017
${\left[{\text{AlF}}_{6}\right]}^{3-}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Al}+6{\text{F}}^{-}$	−2.07
${\text{Al}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Al}$	−1.662
${\text{Am}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Am}$	−2.048
${\text{Au}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Au}$	+1.498
${\text{Au}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Au}$	+1.692
${\text{Ba}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ba}$	−2.912
${\text{Be}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Be}$	−1.847
${\text{Br}}_{2}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{Br}}^{-}$	+1.0873
${\text{Ca}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ca}$	−2.868
${\text{Ce}}^{3}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ce}$	−2.483
${\text{Ce}}^{4+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Ce}}^{3+}$	+1.61
${\text{Cd}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}$	−0.4030
${\left[\text{Cd}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}+4{\text{CN}}^{-}$	−1.09
${\left[\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}+4{\text{NH}}_{3}$	−0.61
$\text{CdS}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−1.17
${\text{Cl}}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{Cl}}^{-}$	+1.35827
${\text{ClO}}_{4}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}$	+0.36
${\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}_{2}{}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}$	+0.33
${\text{ClO}}_{2}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}$	+0.66
${\text{ClO}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cl}}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}$	+0.89
${\text{ClO}}_{4}{}^{-}+2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+3{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.189
${\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+3{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{HClO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.21
$\text{HClO}+{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cl}}^{-}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.482
$\text{HClO}+{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{1}{2}{\text{Cl}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.611
${\text{HClO}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{HClO}+3{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.628
${\text{Co}}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Co}}^{2+}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\left(2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{mol}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{//}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{SO}}_{4}\right)$	+1.83
${\text{Co}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Co}$	−0.28
${\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}$	+0.1
$\text{Co}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{3}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Co}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{OH}}^{-}$	+0.17
${\text{Cr}}^{3}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}$	−0.744
${\text{Cr}}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cr}}^{2+}$	−0.407
${\text{Cr}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}$	−0.913
${\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cu}+2{\text{CN}}^{-}$	−0.43
${\text{CrO}}_{4}{}^{2-}+4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{3}+5{\text{OH}}^{-}$	−0.13
${\text{Cr}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}{}^{2-}+14{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+6{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{Cr}}^{3+}+21{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.232
${\left[\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{-}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}+4{\text{OH}}^{-}$	−1.2
$\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{3}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}+3{\text{OH}}^{-}$	−1.48
${\text{Cu}}^{2+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cu}}^{+}$	+0.153
${\text{Cu}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cu}$	+0.34
${\text{Cu}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cu}$	+0.521
${\text{F}}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{F}}^{-}$	+2.866
${\text{Fe}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Fe}$	−0.447
${\text{Fe}}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Fe}}^{2+}$	+0.771
${\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{4-}$	+0.36
$\text{Fe}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Fe}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}$	−0.88
$\text{FeS}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Fe}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−1.01
${\text{Ga}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ga}$	−0.549
${\text{Gd}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Gd}$	−2.279
$\frac{1}{2}{\text{H}}_{2}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}^{-}$	−2.23
$2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}_{2}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}$	−0.8277
${\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.776
$2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	0.00
${\text{HO}}_{2}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3{\text{OH}}^{-}$	+0.878
${\text{Hf}}^{4+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hf}$	−1.55
${\text{Hg}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}$	+0.851
$2{\text{Hg}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Hg}}_{2}{}^{2+}$	+0.92
${\text{Hg}}_{2}{}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2\text{Hg}$	+0.7973
${\left[{\text{HgBr}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+4{\text{Br}}^{-}$	+0.21
${\text{Hg}}_{2}{\text{Cl}}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2\text{Hg}+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}$	+0.26808
${\left[\text{Hg}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+{\text{4CN}}^{-}$	−0.37
${\left[{\text{HgI}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+{\text{4I}}^{-}$	−0.04
$\text{HgS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−0.70
${\text{I}}_{2}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{2I}}^{-}$	+0.5355
${\text{In}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{In}$	−0.3382
${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{K}$	−2.931
${\text{La}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{La}$	−2.52
${\text{Li}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Li}$	−3.04
${\text{Lu}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Lu}$	−2.28
${\text{Mg}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Mg}$	−2.372
${\text{Mn}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Mn}$	−1.185
${\text{MnO}}_{2}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}$	−0.05
${\text{MnO}}_{4}{}^{-}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{MnO}}_{2}+{\text{4OH}}^{-}$	+0.558
${\text{MnO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{Mn}}^{2+}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.23
${\text{MnO}}_{4}{}^{-}+8{\text{H}}^{+}+5{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{Mn}}^{2+}+4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.507
${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Na}$	−2.71
${\text{Nd}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Nd}$	−2.323
${\text{Ni}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}$	−0.257
${\left[\text{Ni}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}+{\text{6NH}}_{3}$	−0.49
${\text{NiO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{Ni}}^{2+}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.593
${\text{NiO}}_{2}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}$	+0.49
$\text{NiS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	+0.76
${\text{NO}}_{3}{}^{-}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}⟶\text{NO}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+0.957
${\text{NO}}_{3}{}^{-}+3{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{HNO}}_{2}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+0.92
${\text{NO}}_{3}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{NO}}_{2}{}^{-}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}$	+0.10
${\text{Np}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Np}$	−1.856
${\text{O}}_{2}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{4OH}}^{-}$	+0.401
${\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{2}$	+0.695
${\text{O}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}⟶2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.229
${\text{Pb}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pb}$	−0.1262
${\text{PbO}}_{2}+{\text{SO}}_{4}{}^{\text{2−}}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{PbSO}}_{4}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+1.69
$\text{PbS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pb}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−0.95
${\text{PbSO}}_{4}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pb}+{\text{SO}}_{4}{}^{2-}$	−0.3505
${\text{Pd}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pd}$	+0.987
${\left[{\text{PdCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pd}+{\text{4Cl}}^{-}$	+0.591
${\text{Pt}}^{2+}\text{}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pt}$	+1.20
${\left[{\text{PtBr}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pt}+{\text{4Br}}^{-}$	+0.58
${\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pt}+{\text{4Cl}}^{-}$	+0.755
${\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{6}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2Cl}}^{-}$	+0.68
${\text{Pu}}^{3}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pu}$	−2.03
${\text{Ra}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ra}$	−2.92
${\text{Rb}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Rb}$	−2.98
${\left[{\text{RhCl}}_{6}\right]}^{3-}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Rh}+{\text{6Cl}}^{-}$	+0.44
$\text{S}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−0.47627
$\text{S}+2{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{H}}_{2}\text{S}$	+0.142
${\text{Sc}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sc}$	−2.09
$\text{Se}+2{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{H}}_{2}\text{Se}$	−0.399
${\left[{\text{SiF}}_{6}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Si}+{\text{6F}}^{-}$	−1.2
${\text{SiO}}_{3}{}^{\text{2−}}\text{}+{\text{3H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Si}+{\text{6OH}}^{-}$	−1.697
${\text{SiO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}⟶\text{Si}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	−0.86
${\text{Sm}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sm}$	−2.304
${\text{Sn}}^{4+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Sn}}^{2+}$	+0.151
${\text{Sn}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sn}$	−0.1375
${\left[{\text{SnF}}_{6}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sn}+{\text{6F}}^{-}$	−0.25
$\text{SnS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sn}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−0.94
${\text{Sr}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sr}$	−2.89
${\text{TeO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}⟶\text{Te}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}$	+0.593
${\text{Th}}^{4+}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Th}$	−1.90
${\text{Ti}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ti}$	−1.630
${\text{U}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{U}$	−1.79
${\text{V}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{V}$	−1.19
${\text{Y}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Y}$	−2.37
${\text{Zn}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}$	−0.7618
${\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{4CN}}^{-}$	−1.26
${\left[\text{Zn}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{4NH}}_{3}$	−1.04
$\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}$	−1.245
${\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{4OH}}^{-}$	−1.199
$\text{ZnS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{S}}^{2-}$	−1.40
${\text{Zr}}^{4}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zr}$	−1.539

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