Appendix L: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Half-Reaction E° (V)
[latex]{\text{Ag}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}[/latex] +0.7996
[latex]\text{AgCl}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+{\text{Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +0.22233
[latex]{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+2{\text{CN}}^{-}[/latex] −0.31
[latex]{\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{CrO}}_{4}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2\text{Ag}+{\text{CrO}}_{4}{}^{2-}[/latex] +0.45
[latex]{\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+2{\text{NH}}_{3}[/latex] +0.373
[latex]{\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{S}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ag}+{\text{2S}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}{}^{2-}[/latex] +0.017
[latex]{\left[{\text{AlF}}_{6}\right]}^{3-}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Al}+6{\text{F}}^{-}[/latex] −2.07
[latex]{\text{Al}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Al}[/latex] −1.662
[latex]{\text{Am}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Am}[/latex] −2.048
[latex]{\text{Au}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Au}[/latex] +1.498
[latex]{\text{Au}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Au}[/latex] +1.692
[latex]{\text{Ba}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ba}[/latex] −2.912
[latex]{\text{Be}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Be}[/latex] −1.847
[latex]{\text{Br}}_{2}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{Br}}^{-}[/latex] +1.0873
[latex]{\text{Ca}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ca}[/latex] −2.868
[latex]{\text{Ce}}^{3}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ce}[/latex] −2.483
[latex]{\text{Ce}}^{4+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Ce}}^{3+}[/latex] +1.61
[latex]{\text{Cd}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}[/latex] −0.4030
[latex]{\left[\text{Cd}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}+4{\text{CN}}^{-}[/latex] −1.09
[latex]{\left[\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}+4{\text{NH}}_{3}[/latex] −0.61
[latex]\text{CdS}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cd}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −1.17
[latex]{\text{Cl}}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +1.35827
[latex]{\text{ClO}}_{4}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.36
[latex]{\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}_{2}{}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.33
[latex]{\text{ClO}}_{2}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.66
[latex]{\text{ClO}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cl}}^{-}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.89
[latex]{\text{ClO}}_{4}{}^{-}+2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+3{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.189
[latex]{\text{ClO}}_{3}{}^{-}+3{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{HClO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.21
[latex]\text{HClO}+{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cl}}^{-}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.482
[latex]\text{HClO}+{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\frac{1}{2}{\text{Cl}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.611
[latex]{\text{HClO}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{HClO}+3{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.628
[latex]{\text{Co}}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Co}}^{2+}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\left(2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{mol}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{//}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{SO}}_{4}\right)[/latex] +1.83
[latex]{\text{Co}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Co}[/latex] −0.28
[latex]{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}[/latex] +0.1
[latex]\text{Co}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{3}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Co}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.17
[latex]{\text{Cr}}^{3}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}[/latex] −0.744
[latex]{\text{Cr}}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cr}}^{2+}[/latex] −0.407
[latex]{\text{Cr}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}[/latex] −0.913
[latex]{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cu}+2{\text{CN}}^{-}[/latex] −0.43
[latex]{\text{CrO}}_{4}{}^{2-}+4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{3}+5{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] −0.13
[latex]{\text{Cr}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}{}^{2-}+14{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+6{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{Cr}}^{3+}+21{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.232
[latex]{\left[\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{-}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}+4{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] −1.2
[latex]\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{3}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cr}+3{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] −1.48
[latex]{\text{Cu}}^{2+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Cu}}^{+}[/latex] +0.153
[latex]{\text{Cu}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cu}[/latex] +0.34
[latex]{\text{Cu}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Cu}[/latex] +0.521
[latex]{\text{F}}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2{\text{F}}^{-}[/latex] +2.866
[latex]{\text{Fe}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Fe}[/latex] −0.447
[latex]{\text{Fe}}^{3+}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Fe}}^{2+}[/latex] +0.771
[latex]{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{4-}[/latex] +0.36
[latex]\text{Fe}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Fe}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] −0.88
[latex]\text{FeS}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Fe}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −1.01
[latex]{\text{Ga}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ga}[/latex] −0.549
[latex]{\text{Gd}}^{3+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Gd}[/latex] −2.279
[latex]\frac{1}{2}{\text{H}}_{2}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}^{-}[/latex] −2.23
[latex]2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}_{2}+2{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] −0.8277
[latex]{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.776
[latex]2{\text{H}}_{3}{\text{O}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{H}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] 0.00
[latex]{\text{HO}}_{2}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3{\text{OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.878
[latex]{\text{Hf}}^{4+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hf}[/latex] −1.55
[latex]{\text{Hg}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}[/latex] +0.851
[latex]2{\text{Hg}}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Hg}}_{2}{}^{2+}[/latex] +0.92
[latex]{\text{Hg}}_{2}{}^{2+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2\text{Hg}[/latex] +0.7973
[latex]{\left[{\text{HgBr}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+4{\text{Br}}^{-}[/latex] +0.21
[latex]{\text{Hg}}_{2}{\text{Cl}}_{2}+2{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2\text{Hg}+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +0.26808
[latex]{\left[\text{Hg}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+{\text{4CN}}^{-}[/latex] −0.37
[latex]{\left[{\text{HgI}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+{\text{4I}}^{-}[/latex] −0.04
[latex]\text{HgS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Hg}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −0.70
[latex]{\text{I}}_{2}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{2I}}^{-}[/latex] +0.5355
[latex]{\text{In}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{In}[/latex] −0.3382
[latex]{\text{K}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{K}[/latex] −2.931
[latex]{\text{La}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{La}[/latex] −2.52
[latex]{\text{Li}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Li}[/latex] −3.04
[latex]{\text{Lu}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Lu}[/latex] −2.28
[latex]{\text{Mg}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Mg}[/latex] −2.372
[latex]{\text{Mn}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Mn}[/latex] −1.185
[latex]{\text{MnO}}_{2}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}[/latex] −0.05
[latex]{\text{MnO}}_{4}{}^{-}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{MnO}}_{2}+{\text{4OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.558
[latex]{\text{MnO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{Mn}}^{2+}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.23
[latex]{\text{MnO}}_{4}{}^{-}+8{\text{H}}^{+}+5{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{Mn}}^{2+}+4{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.507
[latex]{\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Na}[/latex] −2.71
[latex]{\text{Nd}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Nd}[/latex] −2.323
[latex]{\text{Ni}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}[/latex] −0.257
[latex]{\left[\text{Ni}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}+{\text{6NH}}_{3}[/latex] −0.49
[latex]{\text{NiO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{Ni}}^{2+}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.593
[latex]{\text{NiO}}_{2}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.49
[latex]\text{NiS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ni}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] +0.76
[latex]{\text{NO}}_{3}{}^{-}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+3{\text{e}}^{-}⟶\text{NO}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +0.957
[latex]{\text{NO}}_{3}{}^{-}+3{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{HNO}}_{2}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +0.92
[latex]{\text{NO}}_{3}{}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{NO}}_{2}{}^{-}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.10
[latex]{\text{Np}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Np}[/latex] −1.856
[latex]{\text{O}}_{2}+{\text{2H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{4OH}}^{-}[/latex] +0.401
[latex]{\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{2}[/latex] +0.695
[latex]{\text{O}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}⟶2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.229
[latex]{\text{Pb}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pb}[/latex] −0.1262
[latex]{\text{PbO}}_{2}+{\text{SO}}_{4}{}^{\text{2−}}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{PbSO}}_{4}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +1.69
[latex]\text{PbS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pb}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −0.95
[latex]{\text{PbSO}}_{4}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pb}+{\text{SO}}_{4}{}^{2-}[/latex] −0.3505
[latex]{\text{Pd}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pd}[/latex] +0.987
[latex]{\left[{\text{PdCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pd}+{\text{4Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +0.591
[latex]{\text{Pt}}^{2+}\text{}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pt}[/latex] +1.20
[latex]{\left[{\text{PtBr}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pt}+{\text{4Br}}^{-}[/latex] +0.58
[latex]{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pt}+{\text{4Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +0.755
[latex]{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{6}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +0.68
[latex]{\text{Pu}}^{3}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Pu}[/latex] −2.03
[latex]{\text{Ra}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ra}[/latex] −2.92
[latex]{\text{Rb}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Rb}[/latex] −2.98
[latex]{\left[{\text{RhCl}}_{6}\right]}^{3-}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Rh}+{\text{6Cl}}^{-}[/latex] +0.44
[latex]\text{S}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −0.47627
[latex]\text{S}+2{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{H}}_{2}\text{S}[/latex] +0.142
[latex]{\text{Sc}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sc}[/latex] −2.09
[latex]\text{Se}+2{\text{H}}^{+}+2{\text{e}}^{-}⟶{\text{H}}_{2}\text{Se}[/latex] −0.399
[latex]{\left[{\text{SiF}}_{6}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Si}+{\text{6F}}^{-}[/latex] −1.2
[latex]{\text{SiO}}_{3}{}^{\text{2−}}\text{}+{\text{3H}}_{2}\text{O}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Si}+{\text{6OH}}^{-}[/latex] −1.697
[latex]{\text{SiO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}⟶\text{Si}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] −0.86
[latex]{\text{Sm}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sm}[/latex] −2.304
[latex]{\text{Sn}}^{4+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\text{Sn}}^{2+}[/latex] +0.151
[latex]{\text{Sn}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sn}[/latex] −0.1375
[latex]{\left[{\text{SnF}}_{6}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sn}+{\text{6F}}^{-}[/latex] −0.25
[latex]\text{SnS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sn}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −0.94
[latex]{\text{Sr}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Sr}[/latex] −2.89
[latex]{\text{TeO}}_{2}+4{\text{H}}^{+}+4{\text{e}}^{-}⟶\text{Te}+2{\text{H}}_{2}\text{O}[/latex] +0.593
[latex]{\text{Th}}^{4+}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Th}[/latex] −1.90
[latex]{\text{Ti}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Ti}[/latex] −1.630
[latex]{\text{U}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{U}[/latex] −1.79
[latex]{\text{V}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{V}[/latex] −1.19
[latex]{\text{Y}}^{3+}+{\text{3e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Y}[/latex] −2.37
[latex]{\text{Zn}}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}[/latex] −0.7618
[latex]{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{4CN}}^{-}[/latex] −1.26
[latex]{\left[\text{Zn}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{4NH}}_{3}[/latex] −1.04
[latex]\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{2}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{2OH}}^{-}[/latex] −1.245
[latex]{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{4OH}}^{-}[/latex] −1.199
[latex]\text{ZnS}+{\text{2e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zn}+{\text{S}}^{2-}[/latex] −1.40
[latex]{\text{Zr}}^{4}+{\text{4e}}^{-}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⟶\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{Zr}[/latex] −1.539

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