Appendix C Useful Information: Important constants, Metric Prefixes, SI Units, Useful Formulae, etc.
This appendix is broken into several tables.
Table 3. Important Constants1
Symbol |
Meaning |
Best Value |
Approximate Value |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com c](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-41a04eeea923a1a0c28094a8a4680525_l3.png) |
Speed of light in vacuum |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 2.99792458 \times 10^8 \text{m/s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a000bdc95ef12452f3bd9c091a6c98b0_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 3.00 \times 10^8 \text{m/s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-dcfa1bc7677a123e6f2f01e6f4d1e71a_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com G](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-30a79c32f18567063fe44716929e7ced_l3.png) |
Gravitational constant |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.67408(31) \times 10^{-11} \;\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 / \text{kg}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f6050da38d79229c63b34ca6c30fa3a3_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \;\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 / \text{kg}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d8559cbb1962ca12db2f8554719300f2_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com N_A](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-993e43aece480d9c5312fe6c2c6789dc_l3.png) |
Avogadro’s number |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.02214129(27) \times 10^{23}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a59d4df3da7a694fc9b4561729effa96_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.02 \times 10^{23}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-68f7717806144b55791a2e3fcf78e7bc_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com k](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3422b6bb5c160593658b7c39425d9880_l3.png) |
Boltzmann’s constant |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.3806488(13) \times 10^{-23} \;\text{J} / \text{K}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3c515e52527869f230c0eb977255fb33_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.38 \times 10^{-23} \;\text{J} / \text{K}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-dc30099170e593f1d73e1fa854049653_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com R](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-dae6bae3dcdac4629730754352c5e329_l3.png) |
Gas constant |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 8.3144621(75) \;\text{J} / \text{mol} \cdot \text{K}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-80856d3e1774f10ac7c7d14d23f66e1a_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 8.31 \;\text{J} / \text{mol} \cdot \text{K} = 1.99 \text{cal} / \text{mol} \cdot \text{K} = 0.0821 \text{atm} \cdot \text{L} / \text{mol} \cdot \text{K}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-6943cffbcdd4b1543aaa377bfccd3fb8_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \sigma](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png) |
Stefan-Boltzmann constant |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 5.670373(21) \times 10^{-8} \;\text{W} / \text{m}^2 \cdot \text{K}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1f34e4a698abf265e0975d45823be255_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \;\text{W} / \text{m}^2 \cdot \text{K}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1abdc6e79f65dde2811141cd59461780_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com k](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3422b6bb5c160593658b7c39425d9880_l3.png) |
Coulomb force constant |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 8.987551788 \dots \times 10^9 \;\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 / \text{C}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8cc39c9673f57eb754598253686065b6_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 8.99 \times 10^9 \;\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 / \text{C}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-9eb84d5caed35fe1ae3cbf9051d8c4dc_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com q_e](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-990b84192cd7737695068da8934a401e_l3.png) |
Charge on electron |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com -1.602176565(35) \times 10^{-19} \;\text{C}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-75d12fe410fc3e1218cc1c6083c44c88_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com -1.60 \times 10^{-19} \;\text{C}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-9d232b2b03ab96aa5e35dea4ce117c05_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \varepsilon _0](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f0f3dc81ead67e92961c2af4f30ec940_l3.png) |
Permittivity of free space |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 8.854187817 \dots \times 10^{-12} \;\text{C}^2 / \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b34015cf887b40a0bf036da26447c192_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 8.85 \dots \times 10^{-12} \;\text{C}^2 / \text{N} \text{m}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b502bfa128c44a68d7d440ab9065505d_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mu _0](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e1af53cfa2516f206ac0b4a0a4c7b053_l3.png) |
Permeability of free space |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \;\text{T} \cdot \;\text{m}/ \text{A}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-df68c92c03b36bcc2ab8eab97f22ef3f_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.26 \times 10^{-6} \;\text{T} \cdot \text{m} / \text{A}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-66ad12dadc136ff066451c9e570c79e8_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com h](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-14b463d0ecd5b350ced6cf1d6a12eef3_l3.png) |
Planck’s constant |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.62606957(29) \times 10^{-34} \;\text{J} \cdot \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-0092eac21c3bad81c5249f128ca28c51_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \;\text{J} \cdot \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8da278670fee848f13bc9c8a1d23178b_l3.png) |
Symbol |
Meaning |
Best Value |
Approximate Value |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com m_e](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7e3418355d018b2b75441635936c69cc_l3.png) |
Electron mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 9.10938291(40) \times 10^{-31} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e28e8d941247b714798076ec8a0516d8_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8696d8211b449f21cddb7855ca8ac99e_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com m_p](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7bccde8ff2d82c8defd780560bedb4f6_l3.png) |
Proton mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.672621777(74) \times 10^{-27} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-9e3444c0d45642590693bc7a84aa2912_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c0fb5fd017be833be9851bf2feb01468_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com m_n](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d4b0851928aad25f0e7d4eefc6632d78_l3.png) |
Neutron mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.674927351(74) \times 10^{-27} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-6cf518868c21ffbe43d6811871e2002a_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1f60f8e3d816720f35c03b9d1398edd7_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{u}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f68f7b2aa0b8e8fc8f8ea4096c9961ea_l3.png) |
Atomic mass unit |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.660538921(73) \times 10^{-27} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1dc98d4ae92d846d9ffd77c1226c25d4_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.6605 \times 10^{-27} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7d50d6d4fb5b557073e7ea8fa0055907_l3.png) |
Table 4. Submicroscopic Masses2 |
Sun |
mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.99 \times 10^{30} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7aa013b811eb8943c30a5c0f0642a862_l3.png) |
|
average radius |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.96 \times 10^8 \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5c944b452d07a68023e1756edf75afc4_l3.png) |
|
Earth-sun distance (average) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.496 \times 10^{11} \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-323ddcb20adb8b3c7c9dac2a46397f86_l3.png) |
Earth |
mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 5.9736 \times 10^{24} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a7535ae1e7828a3ee1eddfdb58409f22_l3.png) |
|
average radius |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 6.376 \times 10^6 \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-31c8087050e5700f0cfdbf904ad8b031_l3.png) |
|
orbital period |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 3.16 \times 10^7 \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-01a698dd7726b6acd4205371f75fbf31_l3.png) |
Moon |
mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 7.35 \times 10^{22} \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-bc63416ee8b68b860c4006485e836104_l3.png) |
|
average radius |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1.74 \times 10^6 \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d298ffc06f4cab65022bb5d201e9fae2_l3.png) |
|
orbital period (average) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 2.36 \times 10^6 \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d41529c24f49a3eb44c4529a953b0f42_l3.png) |
|
Earth-moon distance (average) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 3.84 \times 10^8 \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c04d85119f35f779da0dcd46071dd2b3_l3.png) |
Table 5. Solar System Data |
Prefix |
Symbol |
Value |
Prefix |
Symbol |
Value |
tera |
T |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{12}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1157576cb22132bcdecd92c1f838bf5e_l3.png) |
deci |
d |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-1}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c1a495598ce696e573a12d71e4b5e022_l3.png) |
giga |
G |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{9}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-376b94a6135acaf2a43e03752a620a00_l3.png) |
centi |
c |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-2}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7ac8fbc5a11b4501639c79bc8340f103_l3.png) |
mega |
M |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{6}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1c8c5257a55dee830f97a4f13cd28947_l3.png) |
milli |
m |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-3}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f44250941371f09bb8dc7aa7702aaddb_l3.png) |
kilo |
k |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{3}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3a55960fb790319de25ed32531a5951e_l3.png) |
micro |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mu](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-461fe1a58a75801541487ddf10d32abd_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-6}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-50b4cee806559c7ebd2a58d0a09cc57d_l3.png) |
hecto |
h |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{2}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f23affba83728a5110f79c7833b23dc4_l3.png) |
nano |
n |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-9}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a7c85389480de485e5488090c6bb930e_l3.png) |
deka |
da |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{1}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-85c640ea03e65078ac52e4dd2bfaee73_l3.png) |
pico |
p |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-12}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-cebc5e16c768807454f282ede7687468_l3.png) |
— |
— |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{0} (= 1)](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ff862a35c78e9bd8b0042b76ab425313_l3.png) |
femto |
f |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 10^{-15}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-84c810251abdf792bd8585164a1728e2_l3.png) |
Table 6. Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols |
Alpha |
A |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \alpha](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8f0b6b1a01f8fcc2f95be0364c090397_l3.png) |
Eta |
Η |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \eta](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-353d8843a56869470cc39f8575e0c785_l3.png) |
Nu |
Ν |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \nu](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-84f850cb7d68cf5b0b1a685b849a8674_l3.png) |
Tau |
Τ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \tau](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-13197f4653c1fd428a291609eb1e3b87_l3.png) |
Beta |
Β |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \beta](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b6a7605b1bcca8f1b416eaf733f34e08_l3.png) |
Theta |
Θ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \theta](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-356a08e839ab6974a16448e16e56745d_l3.png) |
Xi |
Ξ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \xi](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d3dfe7e11233bac0a8bed6fb221f5460_l3.png) |
Upsilon |
Υ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \upsilon](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-9f5bf100ed76da81a30bfe63c4b1b1d8_l3.png) |
Gamma |
Γ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \gamma](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-4de02fc502ed5dbd15f371728ea270a3_l3.png) |
Iota |
Ι |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \iota](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f7ae8be8caf8a95ab84cb8b39a6f2847_l3.png) |
Omicron |
Ο |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \o](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1cb6c9db23202d5e0461c43ec117ee3e_l3.png) |
Phi |
Φ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \phi](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5b2be26c0c1341f54b29baddda771346_l3.png) |
Delta |
Δ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \delta](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-02c416d77f6650e9c7849397bf6e11bf_l3.png) |
Kappa |
Κ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \kappa](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-fabd261e8193c24891d87ffde60251f5_l3.png) |
Pi |
Π |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \pi](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-26d6788550ffd50fe94542bb3e8ee615_l3.png) |
Chi |
Χ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \chi](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-9d0d24cf4ba15932ce9dbbc51ad6dbee_l3.png) |
Epsilon |
Ε |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \epsilon](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-729568734d87ffb0f88cf42b1bc6828a_l3.png) |
Lambda |
Λ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \lambda](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-2b5c45836864531b8e37025dabadd24a_l3.png) |
Rho |
Ρ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \rho](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-da039068127cf2ec5fc05123d4d3546f_l3.png) |
Psi |
Ψ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \psi](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-01af6002d7f3a5b1fd09d86868314129_l3.png) |
Zeta |
Ζ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \zeta](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-972238cb0edae352c280a54fc315146f_l3.png) |
Mu |
Μ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mu](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-461fe1a58a75801541487ddf10d32abd_l3.png) |
Sigma |
Σ |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \sigma](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1c9cc40f96a1492e298e7da85a2c1692_l3.png) |
Omega |
Ω |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \omega](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-707fcec15e450815730425a6607a1858_l3.png) |
Table 7. The Greek Alphabet |
|
Entity |
Abbreviation |
Name |
Fundamental units |
Length |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ae8169f61e564c63c7c5b06941e0750b_l3.png) |
meter |
|
Mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-dbe6e089cb7d5ae7783281ec3d402b98_l3.png) |
kilogram |
|
Time |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-df271fe7ec5eb9ace2e8ed4890140e59_l3.png) |
second |
|
Current |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{A}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-2515aa44e115f2fe5bba4f79688ee56d_l3.png) |
ampere |
Supplementary unit |
Angle |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{rad}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7a163407f1757d8b82cfb39563e7e2b9_l3.png) |
radian |
Derived units |
Force |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{N} = \text{kg} \cdot \text{m} / \text{s}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3aa8518de3e9012a4333b20bf0a36be2_l3.png) |
newton |
|
Energy |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{J} = \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2 / \text{s}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7b0d5529b633b76f64212d3ccd418fc9_l3.png) |
joule |
|
Power |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{W} = \text{J} / \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-886264efac1edfa4badc0577806ec6eb_l3.png) |
watt |
|
Pressure |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Pa} = \text{N} / \text{m}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-2b50e61c9622709beb29c196b53d93cd_l3.png) |
pascal |
|
Frequency |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Hz} = 1/ \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f776ded5dabe922e9bcca3e63f7857ce_l3.png) |
hertz |
|
Electronic potential |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{V} = \text{J} / \text{C}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f8e568ef53a43e9b5b97e69a168fb176_l3.png) |
volt |
|
Capacitance |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{F} = \text{C} / \text{V}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-feda762616f6de819e20a1cab7945c5c_l3.png) |
farad |
|
Charge |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{C} = \text{s} \cdot \text{A}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ca3e9b03c89ed5b5737eb3231e24c308_l3.png) |
coulomb |
|
Resistance |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \Omega = \text{V} / \text{A}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1483167d395512a9219c7bf1f7d1d3a9_l3.png) |
ohm |
|
Magnetic field |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{T} = \text{N} / (\text{A} \cdot \text{m})](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c18382820382cb3f25cbdeef577b1e43_l3.png) |
tesla |
|
Nuclear decay rate |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Bq} = 1 / \text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e71cb4e04b7e47c379c34582d0a8e824_l3.png) |
becquerel |
Table 8. SI Units |
Length |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{inch} \; (\text{in.}) = 2.54 \;\text{cm} \; (\text{exactly})](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a84dee5c2d3e320bd8a9572313e0fa1f_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{foot} \; (\text{ft}) = 0.3048 \;\text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ad780504e8e1640f48b40d7e1eaae25b_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{mile} \; (\text{mi}) = 1.609 \;\text{km}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f55df0995028512bb3e5f28ed31627e9_l3.png) |
Force |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{pound} \; (\text{lb}) = 4.448 \;\text{N}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ccd31cc84ae31efd0d2ce185a942e174_l3.png) |
Energy |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{British thermal unit} \; (\text{Btu}) = 1.055 \times 10^3 \text{J}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ae6a01b0d81b66a0ed249fe1927d86b8_l3.png) |
Power |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{horsepower} \; (\text{hp}) = 746 \;\text{W}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-accc37642f9670c66fc69275548a72d4_l3.png) |
Pressure |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{lb} / \text{in}^2 = 6.895 \times 10^3 \;\text{Pa}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-dbfc7454a4e5b050bdc828928af735dd_l3.png) |
Table 9. Selected British Units |
Length |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{light year} \; (\text{ly}) = 9.46 \times 10^{15} \; \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-acfb963b4b98aaf12ddb83c4d5a82eaa_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \; \text{astronomical unit} \;(\text{au}) = 1.50 \times 10^{11} \; \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b8b8b5bb91e8554469d6021bde315d6c_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{nautical mile} = 1.852 \;\text{km}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8c929186e017dd774e853f255e62b37a_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{angstrom} ( \AA ) = 10^{-10} \text{m}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-18f3df2f5b778b3866efe2d2a1b782e8_l3.png) |
Area |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{acre} \;(\text{ac}) = 4.05 \times 10^3 \text{m}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-675b1d4514671ef80f3688605ca94bfb_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{square foot} \; (\text{ft}^2) = 9.29 \times 10^{-2} \;\text{m}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-2a07d00cffe752aa19ded3809af6eae6_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{barn} \;(b) = 10^{-28} \;\text{m}^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-9ad61a59a32f5756e67dab14f1c77b75_l3.png) |
Volume |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{liter} \;(L) = 10^{-3} \; \text{m}^3](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b47d6dc0b7a18acef9df344da3f128c5_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{U.S. gallon} \;(\text{gal}) = 3.785 \times 10^{-3} \;\text{m}^3](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-915c87036eb7c8ec12731b6bf3b2cb47_l3.png) |
Mass |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{solar mass} = 1.99 \times 10^{30} \; \text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-120ff5af25909b857792a435fb819b8a_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{metric ton} = 10^3 \;\text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-89f6081aded4f2e8ff10feb1989d0f06_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{atomic mass unit} \;(u)= 1.6605 \times 10^{-27} \;\text{kg}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-76d7b7a1d01d8e181d3516a799752520_l3.png) |
Time |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{year} \;(\text{y}) = 3.16 \times 10^7 \;\text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-69068be9e824e2bb61775f43f59c7005_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{day} \;(\text{d}) = 86,400 \;\text{s}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a13452d7cb17d2cf8db747a07b0a0283_l3.png) |
Speed |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{mile per hour} \;(\text{mph}) = 1.609 \;\text{km} / \text{h}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-6d4e8329da01430acd628d936b224bd1_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{nautical mile per hour} \;(\text{naut}) = 1.852 \;\text{km} / \text{h}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8e00bd5fc2d2567b10a0431b6c93eddb_l3.png) |
Angle |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{degree} \;(^{\circ}) = 1.745 \times 10^{-2} \;\text{rad}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-2a7fcf8f12152306e98a9abe3edc4aac_l3.png) |
|
‘ ![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com ) = 1/60 \;\text{degree}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-eb231513b5666b68b4059cc35dd90074_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{second of arc} \; (") = 1/60 \;\text{minute of arc}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-fe16c14b13910232bf42af16b3cef2cf_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{grad} = 1.571 \times 10^{-2} \;\text{rad}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-272a595848012ab5322213073e2d73d1_l3.png) |
Energy |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{kiloton TNT} \;(\text{kT}) = 4.2 \times 10^{12} \;\text{J}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e27b9c2d39318818bf3065916427e21c_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \; \text{kilowatt hour} \;(\text{kW} \cdot h) = 3.60 \times 10^6 \;\text{J}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-fddbd9ee0cadcb4bd5ac6a54212038bf_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{food calorie} \;(\text{kcal}) = 4186 \;\text{J}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f535e8cb80e65f60170f7fb56b58d91d_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{calorie} \;(\text{cal}) = 4.186 \;\text{J}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-96161825256386b462fdb122e135726d_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{electron volt} \;(\text{eV}) = 1.60 \times 10^{-19} \;\text{J}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d53248fbb5256c5485ceb2ce35e06895_l3.png) |
Pressure |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{atmosphere} \;(\text{atm}) = 1.013 \times 10^5 \;\text{Pa}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-922360653fddeaea7ecd427ebd803aa7_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{millimeter of mercury} \;(\text{mm Hg}) = 133.3 \;\text{Pa}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-d16f63980706ba25b2a20b260a92bf92_l3.png) |
|
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{torricelli} \;(\text{torr}) = 1 \;\text{mm Hg} = 133.3 \;\text{Pa}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c47c5b14f65cac29e76685b1fbed0747_l3.png) |
Nuclear decay rate |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com 1 \;\text{curie} \;(\text{Ci}) = 3.70 \times 10^{10} \; \text{Bq}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ccaf582c4365dcba21147746ddf21c8f_l3.png) |
Table 9. Other Units |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Circumference of a circle with radius} \; \text{r} \; \text{or diameter} \;\text{d}](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f84d0beabe77afdf544a52692d93783e_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com C = 2 \pi r = \pi d](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7b5bd699aa5a4bcb6ce6b780c5bb00ac_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Area of a circle with radius} \; r \;\text{or diameter} d](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e57d436342d7630e3799a3ed88443268_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com A = \pi r^2 = \pi d^{2}/4](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a75db4ce4fd5bc24e09ae9a9c51b8008_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Area of a sphere with radius} \; r](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8da66fcc027a563081a86404806f1881_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com A = 4 \pi r^2](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-4e206bc074de85e7af064b454fb875b0_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \text{Volume of a sphere with radius} \; r](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-118847a99ba038f1f54b81311a54397d_l3.png) |
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com V = (4/3)( \pi r^3)](https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/introductorygeneralphysics2phys1207/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-27e5f75f2a8f15e09dbdd8a63a592c1a_l3.png) |
Table 10. Useful Formulae |
Footnotes
- Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.
- Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.