Antimicrobials
3.17 Antimalarials
Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN)
Malaria is a prevalent protozoal disease impacting individuals across the world. According to the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 450 cases of malaria are diagnosed in Canada each year.[1]
Indications for Use: Antimalarials are used for the prevention or treatment of malaria.
Mechanism of Action: Antimalarial agents work by targeting specific intracellular processes that impact cell development.[2]
Nursing Considerations across the Lifespan: Antimalarial agents are safe to use for all age groups. Dose adjustments are not needed for renal or liver dysfunction.
Special Administration Considerations: Antimalarial medications may impact hearing and vision so clients should be monitored carefully for adverse effects. Additionally, antimalarial medications may cause GI upset, so clients should be instructed to take these medications with food.
Client Teaching & Education: Clients should receive instruction to take medication as prescribed and adhere to the full prescription regimen. Clients should minimize additional exposure to mosquitoes using preventative means such as repellents, protective clothing, netting, etc. Clients on chloroquine therapy should also avoid alcohol. Chloroquine can be extremely toxic to children and should be safely stored and out of reach. Clients receiving antimalarial therapy may have increased sensitivity to light and should be counseled to wear protective glasses to prevent ocular damage. Treatment often requires sustained regimens of six months or greater so clients should be monitored carefully for adherence and compliance.[3]
Now let’s take a closer look at the medication card on chloroquine in Table 3.16.[4][5]
Table 3.16 Chloroquine Medication Card
Clinical Reasoning and Decision-Making Activity 3.16a
Using the above information, consider the following clinical scenario question:
A nurse is providing medication teaching to a client who is planning on visiting a country with high rates of malaria to do mission work. The client states, “I’m glad I only have to take this medication for a week. The side effects sound horrific!” What is the nurse’s best response regarding the length of therapy?
Note: Answers to the activities can be found in the “Answer Key” sections at the end of the book.
Media Attributions
- antimalarials
- Malaria. (2016). Surveillance of Malaria. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/malaria/surveillance-malaria.html#shr-pg0 ↵
- Achieng, A., Rawat, M., Ogutu, B., Guyah, B., Ong'echa, J.M., Perkins, D., & Kempaiah, P. (2017). Antimalarials: Molecular drug targets and mechanism of action. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 17, 1-15. ↵
- uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/ucentral ↵
- Daily Med, https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm, used for hyperlinked medications in this module. Retrieved June 27, 2019 ↵
- UpToDate (2021). Chloroquine. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search ↵