Concept Map: Infection

Long Description

This flowchart describes the Concept of Infection.  In the centre of the chart, Infection is defined.

The definition of the Concept of Infection is: the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury

Next, there are 4 arrows pointing from the definition to the Scope of Infection.  The scope is divided into 4 categories: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Parasitic.

Next, one arrow points from the definition to the Variation of Infection.  Types of infection can vary by severity, location, host response to treatment, and potential for debilitating consequences.

Next, the Physiological Process of Infection is outlined.  The steps included in the process are: 1) Pathogen invades body; 2) Immune responses initiated to minimize tissue and organ damage; 3) vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, WBC recruitment, phagocytosis, cytokine release.

From the Physiological Process, an arrow points down towards Assessment for Infection.  Here, a summary of site-specific and general signs and symptoms is listed, as well as laboratory studies used to confirm presence of infection. The symptom listed are: redness, heat, swelling, pain, exudate, cough, fever, fatigue.  The laboratory studies listed are:  C+S, CBC (↑ WBC count), radiographic studies, ↑ CRP, ESR, Serological tests for virus or ab’s)

Finally, an arrow connects Assessment to Management of Infection. The treatment/management depends on the cause and symptoms.  For Bacterial infection – treat with antibiotics, for Viral infection – treat with antivirals, for Fungal infection – treat with antifungals, for Parasitic infection – treat with antiprotazoals.